Exam 12: Entities Overview

All unincorporated entities are generally treated as flow-through entities for tax purposes.

On which tax form does a single member LLCs with one individual owner report its income and losses?

Emmy would like to organize PRK as either an LLC or as a C corporation generating a 15 percent annual before-tax rate of return on a $100,000 investment. Individual ordinary rates are 25 percent, corporate rates are 15 percent, and individual capital gains and dividends tax rates are 5 percent. PRK will distribute its earnings annually to either its members or shareholders. a. Ignoring self-employment taxes, how much would Emmy keep after taxes if PRK is organized as either an LLC or as a C corporation? b. Ignoring self-employment taxes, what are the overall tax rates (combined entity and owner level) if PRK is organized as either an LLC or a corporation?

From a tax perspective, which entity choice is preferred when a liquidating distribution occurs and the entity has appreciated assets?

Nancy purchased a building and then leased the building to ZML. Nancy is the sole shareholder of ZML. She leased the building to ZML for $2,500 per month. However, the IRS determined that the fair market value of the lease payment should only be $1,500 per month. How would the lease payment be treated with respect to both Nancy and ZML?

Sole proprietors are subject to self-employment taxes on net income from their sole proprietorships.

On which tax form do LLCs with more than one owner generally report their income and losses?

What tax year-end must unincorporated entities with only one owner adopt?

Assume you plan to start a new enterprise; you know the probability of having losses for the first three years of operations is almost 90 percent, and you know you will report a substantial amount of income from other sources during those same three years. From a tax perspective, which of the following entity choices would be least favorable?

Which of the following entity characteristics are generally key drivers for small business owners in deciding which entity to choose?

Which of the following is not an effective strategy for mitigating double taxation in a C corporation?

Jerry would like to organize FBC as either an LLC or as a C corporation generating an 8 percent annual before-tax rate of return on a $400,000 investment. Individual and corporate tax rates are both 35 percent and individual capital gains and dividends tax rates are 15 percent. FBC will pay out its after-tax earnings every year to either its members or its shareholders. a. How much would Jerry keep after taxes if FBC is organized as either an LLC or as a C corporation? (ignore self-employment taxes) b. Ignoring self-employment taxes, what are the overall tax rates (combined owner and entity level) tax rates if FBC is organized as either an LLC or as a C corporation?

Both tax and nontax objectives should be considered when choosing an appropriate business entity.

Crocker and Company, Inc. had taxable income of $550,000. At the end of the year, it distributes all its after-tax earnings to Jimmy, the company's sole shareholder. Jimmy's marginal ordinary tax rate is 34 percent and his marginal tax rate on dividends is 15 percent. What is the overall tax rate on Crocker and Company's pre-tax income?

Logan, a 50 percent shareholder in Military Gear Inc., is comparing the tax consequences of losses from C corporations with losses from S corporations. Assume Military Gear Inc has a $100,000 loss for the year, Logan's tax basis in his Military Gear Inc. stock was $150,000 at the beginning of the year, and he received $75,000 ordinary income from other sources during the year. Assuming Logan's marginal regular income tax rate is 15%, how much more tax will Logan pay currently if Military Gear Inc. is a C corporation compared to the tax he would pay if it were an S corporation?

In its first year of existence Aspen Corp. (a C corporation) reported a loss for tax purposes of $50,000. In year 2, it reports a $30,000 loss. For year 3, it reports taxable income from operations of $120,000. How much tax will Aspen Corp. pay for year 3? Consult the corporate tax rate table provided to calculate your answer.

David would like to organize HOS as either an LLC or as a corporation generating a 12 percent annual before-tax return on a $300,000 investment. Individual and corporate tax rates are both 30 percent and individual capital gains and dividend tax rates are 15 percent. HOS will pay out its after-tax earnings every year to either its members or its shareholders. a. Ignoring self-employment taxes, how much would David keep after taxes if HOS is organized as either an LLC or a corporation? b. Ignoring self-employment taxes, what are the overall tax rates (combined owner and entity level) if HOS is organized as either an LLC or a corporation?

If you were seeking an entity with the most favorable tax treatment regarding (1) the number of owners allowed, (2) the flexibility to select your accounting period, and (3) the availability of preferential capital gains rates when selling your ownership interest, which entity should you decide to use?

Corporation A owns 10% of Corporation C. The marginal tax rate on non-dividend income for both A and C is 34%. Corporation C earns a total of $200 million before taxes in the current year, pays corporate tax on this income and distributes the remainder proportionately to its shareholders as a dividend. In addition, Corporation A owns 20% of partnership P that earns $500 million in the current year. Given this fact pattern, answer the following questions: a. How much cash from the Corporation C dividend remains after Corporation A pays the tax on the dividend assuming Corporation A is eligible for the 70 percent dividends received deduction?

Cali Corp. (a C corporation) projects that it will have taxable income of $250,000 for the year before paying any fringe benefits. Stacey, Cali's sole shareholder, has a marginal tax rate of 33 percent on ordinary income and 15 percent on dividend income. Assume Cali's tax rate is 34 percent. a. What is the amount of the combined corporate and shareholder level income tax on Cali's $250,000 of pre-benefit income if Cali Corp. does not pay out any fringe benefits and distributes all of its after-tax earnings to Stacey? b. What is the amount of the combined corporate and shareholder level income tax on Cali's $250,000 of pre-benefit income if Cali Corp. pays Stacey's adoption expenses of $50,000 and the payment is considered to be a qualified fringe benefit? Cali Corp. distributes all of its after-tax earnings to Stacey. c. What is the amount of the combined corporate and shareholder level income tax on Cali's $250,000 of pre-benefit income if Cali Corp. pays Stacey's adoption expenses of $50,000 and the payment is considered to be a nonqualified fringe benefit? Cali Corp. distributes all of its after-tax earnings to Stacey.