Question 1

Which of these components makes up the largest amount of mass in a typical large cluster of galaxies?

Accepted Answer

A) supermassive black holes 
B) stars 
C) cold gas 
D) hot gas 
E) neutron and white dwarf stars 
A) supermassive black holes 
B) stars 
C) cold gas 
D) hot gas 
E) neutron and white dwarf stars D

Question 2

Compared to what we see today,galaxies in the past are:

Accepted Answer

A) more ordered and more likely to have spiral structure 
B) more ordered and less likely to have spiral structure 
C) messier and more likely to have spiral structure 
D) messier and less likely to have spiral structure 
E) exactly the same as they are today 
A) more ordered and more likely to have spiral structure 
B) more ordered and less likely to have spiral structure 
C) messier and more likely to have spiral structure 
D) messier and less likely to have spiral structure 
E) exactly the same as they are today D

Question 3

The first stars formed in the universe did not require the effects of dark matter to form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

We currently find ourselves in the stelliferous era in the history of our universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a possible candidate for dark matter?

Accepted Answer

A) axions 
B) positrons 
C) photinos 
D) neutrinos 
E) None of the above;all of these could be dark matter. 
A) axions 
B) positrons 
C) photinos 
D) neutrinos 
E) None of the above;all of these could be dark matter.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a way in which astronomers detect dark matter in clusters of galaxies?

Accepted Answer

A) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally collapse clouds of gas to form the number of stars present 
B) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally hold onto the hot gas surrounding galaxy clusters 
C) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally hold a cluster of galaxies together 
D) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally lens images of distant objects 
E) None of the above;all of these are ways that astronomers detect dark matter in galaxy clusters. 
A) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally collapse clouds of gas to form the number of stars present 
B) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally hold onto the hot gas surrounding galaxy clusters 
C) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally hold a cluster of galaxies together 
D) by determining the amount of mass necessary to gravitationally lens images of distant objects 
E) None of the above;all of these are ways that astronomers detect dark matter in galaxy clusters.

Question 7

If neutrinos have mass but do not interact much with normal matter,why can't they be the dominant form of dark matter in the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) Structure formation would have started with large objects fragmenting into smaller objects. 
B) Structure formation would have started with small objects merging to form larger objects. 
C) Neutrinos would decay over time and disappear,causing galaxies to fall apart. 
D) Neutrinos would not gravitationally lens background galaxies. 
E) Neutrinos are charged particles. 
A) Structure formation would have started with large objects fragmenting into smaller objects. 
B) Structure formation would have started with small objects merging to form larger objects. 
C) Neutrinos would decay over time and disappear,causing galaxies to fall apart. 
D) Neutrinos would not gravitationally lens background galaxies. 
E) Neutrinos are charged particles.

Question 8

Even at its earliest moments,the universe had about as much structure in it as it has at the current time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In order from first to last,the specific eras in the universe's history are known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) primordial,stelliferous,degenerate,and dark eras 
B) stelliferous,black hole,and entropy eras 
C) primordial,stelliferous,black hole,and entropy eras 
D) primodial,degenerate,and black hole eras 
E) primordial,stelliferous,degenerate,black hole,and dark eras 
A) primordial,stelliferous,degenerate,and dark eras 
B) stelliferous,black hole,and entropy eras 
C) primordial,stelliferous,black hole,and entropy eras 
D) primodial,degenerate,and black hole eras 
E) primordial,stelliferous,degenerate,black hole,and dark eras

Question 10

Ignoring the effect of redshift,we expect the galaxies that we see at a redshift of z = 3 will be __________ than galaxies today.

Accepted Answer

A) more irregular and redder 
B) larger and redder 
C) smaller and bluer 
D) smaller and redder 
E) larger and bluer 
A) more irregular and redder 
B) larger and redder 
C) smaller and bluer 
D) smaller and redder 
E) larger and bluer

Question 11

The first stars formed in the universe had __________ compared to the stars formed today.

Accepted Answer

A) higher metallicity and higher mass 
B) higher metallicity and lower mass 
C) lower metallicity and higher mass 
D) lower metallicity and lower mass 
E) higher mass and longer lifetimes 
A) higher metallicity and higher mass 
B) higher metallicity and lower mass 
C) lower metallicity and higher mass 
D) lower metallicity and lower mass 
E) higher mass and longer lifetimes

Question 12

Reionization of the neutral gas in the universe occurred due to the:

Accepted Answer

A) decay of dark matter particles 
B) emission of neutrinos by the first stars that formed 
C) release of jets of charged particles from supermassive black holes 
D) radiation from the first stars,supernovae,and black holes that formed 
E) positron and electron annihilations 
A) decay of dark matter particles 
B) emission of neutrinos by the first stars that formed 
C) release of jets of charged particles from supermassive black holes 
D) radiation from the first stars,supernovae,and black holes that formed 
E) positron and electron annihilations

Question 13

The most distant galaxies visible to us at z ≈ 10 are best observed with __________ wavelengths of light.

Accepted Answer

A) infrared 
B) visible 
C) X-ray 
D) gamma ray 
E) radio 
A) infrared 
B) visible 
C) X-ray 
D) gamma ray 
E) radio

Question 14

Why do astronomers think that cold dark matter (as opposed to hot dark matter)is the primary component of dark matter in galaxies?

Accepted Answer

Because cold dark matter can condense ar

Question 15

We expect the kinds of galaxies that we see at a redshift of z = 4 to be:

Accepted Answer

A) much like what we see today 
B) smaller and much more irregular looking than today 
C) smaller versions of what we see today 
D) far more numerous but with fewer spiral galaxies 
E) larger versions of what we see today 
A) much like what we see today 
B) smaller and much more irregular looking than today 
C) smaller versions of what we see today 
D) far more numerous but with fewer spiral galaxies 
E) larger versions of what we see today

Question 16

Quantum fluctuations in the early universe:

Accepted Answer

A) were the seeds that grew into today's galaxies 
B) are the reason dark matter exists 
C) were made of small black holes 
D) had no effect on the current structure of the universe 
E) can be observed with radio telescopes 
A) were the seeds that grew into today's galaxies 
B) are the reason dark matter exists 
C) were made of small black holes 
D) had no effect on the current structure of the universe 
E) can be observed with radio telescopes

Question 17

If a galaxy is a member of a large cluster of galaxies,like the Coma cluster,the galaxy would have a typical velocity of 1,000 km/s.If the cluster is 10 Mpc in diameter,how long would it take the galaxy to cross from one side of the cluster to another?

Accepted Answer

A) 10,000 years 
B) 1 million years 
C) 10 million years 
D) 100 million years 
E) 10 billion years 
A) 10,000 years 
B) 1 million years 
C) 10 million years 
D) 100 million years 
E) 10 billion years

Question 18

What do astronomers believe will be the final state of our universe?

Accepted Answer

A) a Big Crunch in which everything collapses back in on itself 
B) an ever-expanding universe filled with nothing but hydrogen and helium gas 
C) a universe that stops expanding and is filled with nothing but white dwarfs,neutron stars,and black holes 
D) an ever-expanding universe filled with photons and elementary particles 
E) a universe that stops expanding once enough stars become black holes 
A) a Big Crunch in which everything collapses back in on itself 
B) an ever-expanding universe filled with nothing but hydrogen and helium gas 
C) a universe that stops expanding and is filled with nothing but white dwarfs,neutron stars,and black holes 
D) an ever-expanding universe filled with photons and elementary particles 
E) a universe that stops expanding once enough stars become black holes

Question 19

We currently live in the universe during the:

Accepted Answer

A) era of stars 
B) era of degeneracy 
C) era of black holes 
D) era of darkness 
E) era of particle-antiparticle formation 
A) era of stars 
B) era of degeneracy 
C) era of black holes 
D) era of darkness 
E) era of particle-antiparticle formation

Question 20

Which of these lists shows the correct chronological order of the events listed,starting with the earliest and ending with the most recent?

Accepted Answer

A) reionization,dark matter halos collapse,recombination,first galaxies are formed 
B) dark matter halos collapse,reionization,first galaxies are formed,recombination 
C) reinonization,first galaxies are formed,dark matter halos collapse,reionization 
D) recombination,dark matter halos collapse,first galaxies are formed,reionization 
E) first galaxies are formed,dark matter halos collapse,reionization,recombination 
A) reionization,dark matter halos collapse,recombination,first galaxies are formed 
B) dark matter halos collapse,reionization,first galaxies are formed,recombination 
C) reinonization,first galaxies are formed,dark matter halos collapse,reionization 
D) recombination,dark matter halos collapse,first galaxies are formed,reionization 
E) first galaxies are formed,dark matter halos collapse,reionization,recombination

Exam 23: Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Which of these components makes up the largest amount of mass in a typical large cluster of galaxies?

Compared to what we see today,galaxies in the past are:

The first stars formed in the universe did not require the effects of dark matter to form.

We currently find ourselves in the stelliferous era in the history of our universe.

Which of the following is NOT a possible candidate for dark matter?

Which of the following is NOT a way in which astronomers detect dark matter in clusters of galaxies?

If neutrinos have mass but do not interact much with normal matter,why can't they be the dominant form of dark matter in the universe?

Even at its earliest moments,the universe had about as much structure in it as it has at the current time.

In order from first to last,the specific eras in the universe's history are known as the:

Ignoring the effect of redshift,we expect the galaxies that we see at a redshift of z = 3 will be __________ than galaxies today.

The first stars formed in the universe had __________ compared to the stars formed today.

Reionization of the neutral gas in the universe occurred due to the:

The most distant galaxies visible to us at z ≈ 10 are best observed with __________ wavelengths of light.

Why do astronomers think that cold dark matter (as opposed to hot dark matter)is the primary component of dark matter in galaxies?

We expect the kinds of galaxies that we see at a redshift of z = 4 to be:

Quantum fluctuations in the early universe:

If a galaxy is a member of a large cluster of galaxies,like the Coma cluster,the galaxy would have a typical velocity of 1,000 km/s.If the cluster is 10 Mpc in diameter,how long would it take the galaxy to cross from one side of the cluster to another?

What do astronomers believe will be the final state of our universe?

We currently live in the universe during the:

Which of these lists shows the correct chronological order of the events listed,starting with the earliest and ending with the most recent?

Why Learn Astronomy

Patterns in the Skymotions of Earth

Motion of Astronomical Bodies

Gravity and Orbits

Light

The Tools of the Astronomer

The Birth and Evolution of Planetary Systems

The Terrestrial Planets and Earths Moon

Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets

Worlds of Gas and Liquid the Giant Planets

Planetary Adornments Moons and Rings

Dwarf Planets and Small Solar System Bodies

Taking the Measure of Stars

Our Starthe Sun

Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium

Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

Evolution of High-Mass Stars

Relativity and Black Holes

The Expanding Universe

Galaxies

The Milky Waya Normal Spiral Galaxy

Modern Cosmology

Life

Filters