Question 1

What is modernization theory? What would a conflict theorist say about it?

Accepted Answer

Modernization theory is a perspective that suggests that as societies develop economically, they will also become more democratic, more technologically advanced, and more socially progressive. It posits that as countries industrialize and urbanize, they will transition from traditional, agrarian societies to modern, industrialized societies, with corresponding improvements in living standards and social structures.

A conflict theorist would likely critique modernization theory by arguing that it overlooks the inequalities and power dynamics inherent in the process of modernization. They would point out that modernization often leads to the exploitation of marginalized groups, both within a society and globally, as powerful interests seek to maintain and increase their wealth and influence. Conflict theorists would also emphasize that modernization can lead to the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few, exacerbating social and economic disparities. Additionally, they may argue that modernization theory ignores the role of conflict and resistance in shaping the trajectory of societal development, and fails to consider the ways in which dominant groups use their power to maintain the status quo. Overall, a conflict theorist would view modernization theory as a limited and overly optimistic perspective that fails to account for the complex and often contentious nature of societal change.

Question 2

According to Marx,one's relationship to the means of production is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  class. 
B)  status. 
C)  social mobility 
D)  employment. 
A)  class. 
B)  status. 
C)  social mobility 
D)  employment. A

Question 3

How does Weber's definition of social class differ from that of Marx?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weber's definition of class is focused on the relationship to the means of production; Marx's is not. 
B)  Marx's definition of class is focused on the relationship to the means of production; Weber's is not. 
C)  Marx's definition is of class; Weber's is of caste. 
D)  Marx and Weber use the same dimensions for defining social class. 
A)  Weber's definition of class is focused on the relationship to the means of production; Marx's is not. 
B)  Marx's definition of class is focused on the relationship to the means of production; Weber's is not. 
C)  Marx's definition is of class; Weber's is of caste. 
D)  Marx and Weber use the same dimensions for defining social class. B

Question 4

The position that holds that inequality is both justifiable and necessary for society comes from:

Accepted Answer

A)  structural-functional theory. 
B)  conflict theory. 
C)  synthetic theory. 
D)  symbolic interaction theory. 
A)  structural-functional theory. 
B)  conflict theory. 
C)  synthetic theory. 
D)  symbolic interaction theory.

Question 5

Income inequality in the United States:

Accepted Answer

A)  has declined over the past decade. 
B)  is less pronounced than in all other industrialized. 
C)  is similar to that in Sweden. 
D)  has steadily increased since 1970. 
A)  has declined over the past decade. 
B)  is less pronounced than in all other industrialized. 
C)  is similar to that in Sweden. 
D)  has steadily increased since 1970.

Question 6

In Marx's framework,those who own the tools and materials necessary for their work are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  bourgeoisie. 
B)  middle class. 
C)  proletariat. 
D)  government leaders. 
A)  bourgeoisie. 
B)  middle class. 
C)  proletariat. 
D)  government leaders.

Question 7

Which of the following is a criticism of the structural-functional theory of stratification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social class, sex, and race probably have more to do with getting a good job than do scarce talents and abilities. 
B)  It does not account for the effect of unequal abilities. 
C)  It denies the necessity and desirability of authority and ranked statuses. 
D)  It fails to recognize the need to motivate people to work. 
A)  Social class, sex, and race probably have more to do with getting a good job than do scarce talents and abilities. 
B)  It does not account for the effect of unequal abilities. 
C)  It denies the necessity and desirability of authority and ranked statuses. 
D)  It fails to recognize the need to motivate people to work.

Question 8

The phrase "segmented labor market" refers to a situation in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is one labor market for white males and another for women and minorities. 
B)  jobs are rotated by segments in order to maintain status equality. 
C)  jobs become more specialized. 
D)  workers are categorized as being "democratic" or "republican." 
A)  there is one labor market for white males and another for women and minorities. 
B)  jobs are rotated by segments in order to maintain status equality. 
C)  jobs become more specialized. 
D)  workers are categorized as being "democratic" or "republican."

Question 9

Describe how the indirect inheritance model of social mobility works,identifying and describing each of the specific factors.

Accepted Answer

The indirect inheritance model of social

Question 10

The process of changing one's social class is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  status climbing. 
B)  class consciousness. 
C)  career striving. 
D)  social mobility. 
A)  status climbing. 
B)  class consciousness. 
C)  career striving. 
D)  social mobility.

Question 11

Claudia and Marco think that it is only natural that Claudia should stay home with their children while Marco "goes out with the guys." They are most likely members of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  middle class. 
B)  poor. 
C)  working class. 
D)  upper class. 
A)  middle class. 
B)  poor. 
C)  working class. 
D)  upper class.

Question 12

How does social class differ from class?

Accepted Answer

Social class differs from clas

Question 13

The average life expectancy in the U.S.is almost _______ years; in Sierra Leone,it is ______ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  75; 50 
B)  75; 59 
C)  80; 62 
D)  80; 48 
A)  75; 50 
B)  75; 59 
C)  80; 62 
D)  80; 48

Question 14

Which measure of social class ranks people on income,education,occupation,or some combination?

Accepted Answer

A)  status 
B)  class 
C)  socioeconomic status 
D)  prestige indicators 
A)  status 
B)  class 
C)  socioeconomic status 
D)  prestige indicators

Question 15

The primary distinction between a caste system and a class system is that under a caste system:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is more inequality than under a class system. 
B)  only one type of reward (status) is used. 
C)  ascribed statuses that are fixed throughout a lifetime are the major criteria used to rank individuals. 
D)  occupation is used as the chief criterion for membership. 
A)  there is more inequality than under a class system. 
B)  only one type of reward (status) is used. 
C)  ascribed statuses that are fixed throughout a lifetime are the major criteria used to rank individuals. 
D)  occupation is used as the chief criterion for membership.

Question 16

Theories that suggest that the poor have different values and attitudes toward work than more affluent Americans are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict theories. 
B)  differential association. 
C)  self-fulfilling prophecies. 
D)  culture of poverty theories. 
A)  conflict theories. 
B)  differential association. 
C)  self-fulfilling prophecies. 
D)  culture of poverty theories.

Question 17

The dimension of social class having to do with social honor expressed as sharing the same community and types of activities is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  power. 
B)  class. 
C)  style. 
D)  status. 
A)  power. 
B)  class. 
C)  style. 
D)  status.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT discussed in the text as a consequence of social class difference in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with incomes below $7,500 per year are four times as likely to be victims of violent crime as people with incomes higher than $75,000 per year. 
B)  People from the middle class are much more likely to be overweight than members of the working class. 
C)  Students from poor and working-class homes are more likely to drop out of college than middle-class students. 
D)  Infants born to mothers with college degrees are less than half as likely to die before their first birthday as those born to high school drop-outs. 
A)  People with incomes below $7,500 per year are four times as likely to be victims of violent crime as people with incomes higher than $75,000 per year. 
B)  People from the middle class are much more likely to be overweight than members of the working class. 
C)  Students from poor and working-class homes are more likely to drop out of college than middle-class students. 
D)  Infants born to mothers with college degrees are less than half as likely to die before their first birthday as those born to high school drop-outs.

Question 19

Applying Davis and Moore's structural-functional theory,women do not need to be rewarded for being mothers because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is not a very important job. 
B)  it is a very easy job. 
C)  there are many women who will do it voluntarily. 
D)  there are too many mothers already. 
A)  it is not a very important job. 
B)  it is a very easy job. 
C)  there are many women who will do it voluntarily. 
D)  there are too many mothers already.

Question 20

What does socioeconomic status include?

Accepted Answer

It is a measure that

What is modernization theory? What would a conflict theorist say about it?

According to Marx,one's relationship to the means of production is known as:

How does Weber's definition of social class differ from that of Marx?

The position that holds that inequality is both justifiable and necessary for society comes from:

Income inequality in the United States:

In Marx's framework,those who own the tools and materials necessary for their work are the:

Which of the following is a criticism of the structural-functional theory of stratification?

The phrase "segmented labor market" refers to a situation in which:

Describe how the indirect inheritance model of social mobility works,identifying and describing each of the specific factors.

The process of changing one's social class is called:

Claudia and Marco think that it is only natural that Claudia should stay home with their children while Marco "goes out with the guys." They are most likely members of the:

How does social class differ from class?

The average life expectancy in the U.S.is almost _ years; in Sierra Leone,it is years.

Which measure of social class ranks people on income,education,occupation,or some combination?

The primary distinction between a caste system and a class system is that under a caste system:

Theories that suggest that the poor have different values and attitudes toward work than more affluent Americans are called:

The dimension of social class having to do with social honor expressed as sharing the same community and types of activities is called:

Which of the following is NOT discussed in the text as a consequence of social class difference in the U.S.?

Applying Davis and Moore's structural-functional theory,women do not need to be rewarded for being mothers because:

What does socioeconomic status include?

The Study of Society

Culture

Socialization

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Deviance, Crime, and Social Control

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Sex,Gender,and Sexuality

Health and Health Care

Family

Education and Religion

Politics and the Economy

Population and Urbanization

Social Change

Filters

Exam 7: Stratification

What is modernization theory? What would a conflict theorist say about it?

According to Marx,one's relationship to the means of production is known as:

How does Weber's definition of social class differ from that of Marx?

The position that holds that inequality is both justifiable and necessary for society comes from:

Income inequality in the United States:

In Marx's framework,those who own the tools and materials necessary for their work are the:

Which of the following is a criticism of the structural-functional theory of stratification?

The phrase "segmented labor market" refers to a situation in which:

Describe how the indirect inheritance model of social mobility works,identifying and describing each of the specific factors.

The process of changing one's social class is called:

Claudia and Marco think that it is only natural that Claudia should stay home with their children while Marco "goes out with the guys." They are most likely members of the:

How does social class differ from class?

The average life expectancy in the U.S.is almost _______ years; in Sierra Leone,it is ______ years.

Which measure of social class ranks people on income,education,occupation,or some combination?

The primary distinction between a caste system and a class system is that under a caste system:

Theories that suggest that the poor have different values and attitudes toward work than more affluent Americans are called:

The dimension of social class having to do with social honor expressed as sharing the same community and types of activities is called:

Which of the following is NOT discussed in the text as a consequence of social class difference in the U.S.?

Applying Davis and Moore's structural-functional theory,women do not need to be rewarded for being mothers because:

What does socioeconomic status include?

The Study of Society

Culture

Socialization

Social Structure and Social Interaction

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Deviance, Crime, and Social Control

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Sex,Gender,and Sexuality

Health and Health Care

Family

Education and Religion

Politics and the Economy

Population and Urbanization

Social Change

Filters

The average life expectancy in the U.S.is almost _ years; in Sierra Leone,it is years.