Question 1

Adolescents improve their ability and tendency to consider the long-term consequences of their decisions, which is one aspect of:

Accepted Answer

A)  imagining their possible selves. 
B)  future orientation. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  identity formation. 
A)  imagining their possible selves. 
B)  future orientation. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  identity formation.

Question 2

Identity states:

Accepted Answer

A)  are stable across time. 
B)  proceed from uncommitted to committed patterns. 
C)  shift across the life span. 
D)  occur in the following order: 1) diffused, 2) foreclosed, 3) moratorium, and 4) achieved. 
A)  are stable across time. 
B)  proceed from uncommitted to committed patterns. 
C)  shift across the life span. 
D)  occur in the following order: 1) diffused, 2) foreclosed, 3) moratorium, and 4) achieved.

Question 3

Temperament and personality tend to become _________ as we __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable; take more classes 
B)  unstable; get older 
C)  more stable; get older 
D)  unstable; take more classes 
A)  stable; take more classes 
B)  unstable; get older 
C)  more stable; get older 
D)  unstable; take more classes

Question 4

As you join some friends for coffee, they are discussing a group of classmates who seem to have problems with their identity development-some seem to have a rather incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of who they are; one seems to have made no exploration at all in any areas of his development and just does what his parents tell him, which he says is fine with him; and a couple of others behave in ways that are obviously contrary to social norms and mores. They turn to you to ask if there are classifications to describe these behaviors and how they might have developed. What do you tell them?

Accepted Answer

Problems in identity development may com

Question 5

Generalizing from Marcia's research on identity, who is most likely to become an authoritarian parent and have the highest need for social approval?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sanjay, identity achieved 
B)  Ann, identity diffusion 
C)  Michele, psychosocial moratorium 
D)  Tara, identity foreclosed 
A)  Sanjay, identity achieved 
B)  Ann, identity diffusion 
C)  Michele, psychosocial moratorium 
D)  Tara, identity foreclosed

Question 6

According to Erikson, the major crisis of adolescence is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  basic trust versus mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  industry versus inferiority. 
D)  identity versus identity diffusion. 
A)  basic trust versus mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  industry versus inferiority. 
D)  identity versus identity diffusion.

Question 7

Involvement in delinquent activity may lead to ________ in self-esteem, perhaps because involvement in delinquency _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase; earns teenagers approval from certain peers 
B)  a decrease; leads to social isolation 
C)  stability; has no effect on an adolescent's self-image 
D)  sudden fluctuations; is dynamic and unpredictable 
A)  an increase; earns teenagers approval from certain peers 
B)  a decrease; leads to social isolation 
C)  stability; has no effect on an adolescent's self-image 
D)  sudden fluctuations; is dynamic and unpredictable

Question 8

According to the textbook, research indicates which of the following is not a correlate of high self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  approval of parents 
B)  approval of peers 
C)  succeeding in school 
D)  involvement in many extracurricular activities 
A)  approval of parents 
B)  approval of peers 
C)  succeeding in school 
D)  involvement in many extracurricular activities

Question 9

All of the following are defining characteristics of agency, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling in control of one's own decisions. 
B)  having confidence that obstacles can be overcome. 
C)  blaming other people for one's problems. 
D)  taking responsibility for one's self. 
A)  feeling in control of one's own decisions. 
B)  having confidence that obstacles can be overcome. 
C)  blaming other people for one's problems. 
D)  taking responsibility for one's self.

Question 10

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are much different. 
B)  There are a few major changes. 
C)  They remain about the same. 
D)  It's different for everyone. 
A)  They are much different. 
B)  There are a few major changes. 
C)  They remain about the same. 
D)  It's different for everyone.

Question 11

A sense of identity is typically crystallized:

Accepted Answer

A)  in early adolescence. 
B)  throughout the adolescent period. 
C)  in late adolescence. 
D)  in late adolescence to the early 20s. 
A)  in early adolescence. 
B)  throughout the adolescent period. 
C)  in late adolescence. 
D)  in late adolescence to the early 20s.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning ethnic identity is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proficiency in one's ethnic language and interacting with peers from the same ethnic group are associated with having a strong ethnic identity. 
B)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents express more negative feelings about mainstream American ideals than their more acculturated peers. 
C)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents perform better in school than their more acculturated peers. 
D)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior than their more acculturated peers. 
A)  Proficiency in one's ethnic language and interacting with peers from the same ethnic group are associated with having a strong ethnic identity. 
B)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents express more negative feelings about mainstream American ideals than their more acculturated peers. 
C)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents perform better in school than their more acculturated peers. 
D)  Foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior than their more acculturated peers.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. 
B)  During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. 
C)  Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. 
D)  Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics. 
A)  During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. 
B)  During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. 
C)  Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. 
D)  Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics.

Question 14

Has research on Erikson's theory of adolescent identity development supported his original theory? How do identity status researchers obtain their data? What have these studies found that is (or is not) consistent with Erikson's theory? What do the psychological profiles look like for individuals in each of the identity states?'

Accepted Answer

Generally speaking, research on Erikson'

Question 15

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extroversion 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  Conscientiousness 
A)  Extroversion 
B)  Agreeableness 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  Conscientiousness

Question 16

Robert Sellers and colleagues have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the racial centrality model of identity (RCMI). 
B)  the multicultural model of discrimination (MMO
D) . 
C)  the multidimensional model of racial identity (MMRI). 
D)  the multitrait multimethod model of discrimination (MMM
D) . 
A)  the racial centrality model of identity (RCMI). 
B)  the multicultural model of discrimination (MMO
D) . 
C)  the multidimensional model of racial identity (MMRI). 
D)  the multitrait multimethod model of discrimination (MMM
D) .

Question 17

Sarah admits that she behaves in completely different ways depending on whether she is at school, on a date, with her family, or with her close friends. Using research cited in the textbook, how would you describe Sarah's incongruent behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are able to recognize that t

Question 18

One study of ethnic identity and academic achievement illustrated how racial centrality, private regard, and public regard work together to influence Black adolescents' school performance and motivation. The researchers identified four distinct clusters within their sample of 600 students. Which cluster of students was most likely to drop out and which cluster of students was most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school?

Accepted Answer

A)  alienated students were the most likely to drop out; idealized students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
B)  buffering/defensive students were the most likely to drop out; idealized students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
C)  alienated students were the most likely to drop out; buffering/defensive students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
D)  idealized students were the most likely to drop out; alienated students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
A)  alienated students were the most likely to drop out; idealized students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
B)  buffering/defensive students were the most likely to drop out; idealized students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
C)  alienated students were the most likely to drop out; buffering/defensive students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school 
D)  idealized students were the most likely to drop out; alienated students were most likely to hold positive beliefs about the school

Question 19

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-regulation. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-attribution. 
D)  self-idealization. 
A)  self-regulation. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  self-attribution. 
D)  self-idealization.

Question 20

Researchers have identified all of the following factors as critical components of the development of identity during adolescence, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  sense of identity. 
C)  self-conception. 
D)  self-regulation. 
A)  self-esteem. 
B)  sense of identity. 
C)  self-conception. 
D)  self-regulation.

Adolescents improve their ability and tendency to consider the long-term consequences of their decisions, which is one aspect of:

Identity states:

Temperament and personality tend to become _ as we __.

Generalizing from Marcia's research on identity, who is most likely to become an authoritarian parent and have the highest need for social approval?

According to Erikson, the major crisis of adolescence is called:

Involvement in delinquent activity may lead to ____ in self-esteem, perhaps because involvement in delinquency _.

According to the textbook, research indicates which of the following is not a correlate of high self-esteem?

All of the following are defining characteristics of agency, except:

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

A sense of identity is typically crystallized:

Which of the following statements concerning ethnic identity is false?

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Robert Sellers and colleagues have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called:

Sarah admits that she behaves in completely different ways depending on whether she is at school, on a date, with her family, or with her close friends. Using research cited in the textbook, how would you describe Sarah's incongruent behaviors?

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

Researchers have identified all of the following factors as critical components of the development of identity during adolescence, except:

Biological Transitions

Cognitive Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Identity

Adolescents improve their ability and tendency to consider the long-term consequences of their decisions, which is one aspect of:

Identity states:

Temperament and personality tend to become _________ as we __________.

Generalizing from Marcia's research on identity, who is most likely to become an authoritarian parent and have the highest need for social approval?

According to Erikson, the major crisis of adolescence is called:

Involvement in delinquent activity may lead to ________ in self-esteem, perhaps because involvement in delinquency _____.

According to the textbook, research indicates which of the following is not a correlate of high self-esteem?

All of the following are defining characteristics of agency, except:

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

A sense of identity is typically crystallized:

Which of the following statements concerning ethnic identity is false?

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Robert Sellers and colleagues have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called:

Sarah admits that she behaves in completely different ways depending on whether she is at school, on a date, with her family, or with her close friends. Using research cited in the textbook, how would you describe Sarah's incongruent behaviors?

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

Researchers have identified all of the following factors as critical components of the development of identity during adolescence, except:

Biological Transitions

Cognitive Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

Temperament and personality tend to become _ as we __.

Involvement in delinquent activity may lead to ____ in self-esteem, perhaps because involvement in delinquency _.