Exam 23: Circulation and the Heart

A(n) __________ sign is created when capillary pressure draws effusion upward along the body wall.

In aortic dissection, inward displacement of a calcified atherosclerotic plaque more than 1 cm from the outer vessel wall in the descending aorta is known as the _________ sign.

Hypertrophy of the intercostal arteries causing inferior rib notching is the result of collateral circulation developing as a result of __________.

Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect?

Localized dilatation evident arterial wall involving all three arterial layers describes a __________ aneurysm.

Inward deformity of the proximal descending aorta with bulging of the vessel immediately above and below is associated with the __________ sign.

Dense, 1-2 mm horizontal lines perpendicular to the pleural of the lower lung in a patient with pulmonary edema are known as Kerley ____ lines.

Patients with congenital heart disease are categorized based on the presence or absence of __________.

What is the threshold of the width of the normal heart shadow (maximal size of the internal dimension of the thorax that is still normal) on a PA chest radiograph, taken with a typical protocol?

Accumulation of more than __________ milliliters of fluid in the pleural space is indicative of pleural effusion.

Which radiographic projection would be most beneficial in assessing small, early pleural effusions?

A(n) __________ aorta appearance may result from the rupture of the tunica intima with reconnection of the associated hematoma with the aortic lumen.

Cystic medial necrosis-related aneurysm is seen in patients with __________.

Which part of the aorta is commonly involved in aneurysms associated with syphilis?

Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect associated with cyanosis after 1 year of age?

Hematomas associated with aortic dissection commonly result from vasa vasorum hemorrhage related to __________.

Which of the following causes of acquired valvular heart disease is most common in underdeveloped countries?

Which of the following is not a radiographic feature of pulmonary edema due to congestive heart failure?

Which of the following diagnostic imaging modalities may be helpful in providing anatomic and functional information about patients with valvular heart disease?

Which of the following is associated with injury to the thoracic duct and leaking lymphatic fluid into the pleural space?