Question 1

What can paleoecologists utilize to assess which tree species existed in an area?

Accepted Answer

A) climate models 
B) soil types 
C) DNA from current trees 
D) ancient pollen 
A) climate models 
B) soil types 
C) DNA from current trees 
D) ancient pollen

Question 2

What is the timescale for succession to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) years 
B) decades 
C) millennia 
D) All of the above are suitable timeframes. 
A) years 
B) decades 
C) millennia 
D) All of the above are suitable timeframes.

Question 3

According to the figure,which species is considered a pioneer species?

Accepted Answer

A) Ulva spp. 
B) Gigartina canaliculata 
C) Gigartina coulteri 
D) Gigartina leptorhynchos 
A) Ulva spp. 
B) Gigartina canaliculata 
C) Gigartina coulteri 
D) Gigartina leptorhynchos

Question 4

The ________ model of succession proposes that early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ model of succession proposes that...

Question 5

Community structure changes over relatively short timescales through succession,but it tends to be stable over longer geological timescales.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Communities vary in composition over space but usually not in composition over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

As succession proceeds,what occurs with animals living in the habitat?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals adapt to the new vegetation. 
B) Animals leave as their habitat disappears. 
C) New animal species evolve in response to vegetation. 
D) Animal species diversity continually decreases. 
A) Animals adapt to the new vegetation. 
B) Animals leave as their habitat disappears. 
C) New animal species evolve in response to vegetation. 
D) Animal species diversity continually decreases.

Question 8

What does this figure suggest is responsible for increasing species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) time alone 
B) increasing leaf litter 
C) decreasing leaf litter 
D) increase in agriculture 
A) time alone 
B) increasing leaf litter 
C) decreasing leaf litter 
D) increase in agriculture

Question 9

Changes in community composition and structure over time are called

Accepted Answer

A) succession. 
B) stratification. 
C) zonation. 
D) characterization. 
A) succession. 
B) stratification. 
C) zonation. 
D) characterization.

Question 10

The inhibition model of succession proposes that

Accepted Answer

A) early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species. 
B) the first species to arrive make the site less suitable for later-arriving species. 
C) later successional species are neither inhibited nor aided by species of earlier stages. 
D) competition does not occur between early successional and late successional species. 
A) early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species. 
B) the first species to arrive make the site less suitable for later-arriving species. 
C) later successional species are neither inhibited nor aided by species of earlier stages. 
D) competition does not occur between early successional and late successional species.

Question 11

The number of species within a community is usually greatest when

Accepted Answer

A) no disturbance occurs. 
B) a low frequency of disturbance occurs. 
C) an intermediate frequency of disturbance occurs. 
D) a high rate of disturbance occurs. 
A) no disturbance occurs. 
B) a low frequency of disturbance occurs. 
C) an intermediate frequency of disturbance occurs. 
D) a high rate of disturbance occurs.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of a late successional plant species?

Accepted Answer

A) high photosynthetic rates 
B) high stomatal conductance 
C) high efficiency at low light 
D) high acclimation potential 
A) high photosynthetic rates 
B) high stomatal conductance 
C) high efficiency at low light 
D) high acclimation potential

Question 13

Grasses are usually the first plant species to colonize sand dunes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Overgrazing of kelp forests and their subsequent regrowth is

Accepted Answer

A) primary succession. 
B) chronosequence. 
C) secondary succession. 
D) allogenic change. 
A) primary succession. 
B) chronosequence. 
C) secondary succession. 
D) allogenic change.

Question 15

In the early stages of plant succession,shade-intolerant species are often common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Light is the only environmental factor that changes during the course of succession in a community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Succession occurs in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is an autogenic change?

Accepted Answer

A) decrease in water depth due to seismic shift 
B) increase in salinity due to tides 
C) global climate change due to increased CO₂ emissions 
D) decreased light due to canopy cover 
A) decrease in water depth due to seismic shift 
B) increase in salinity due to tides 
C) global climate change due to increased CO₂ emissions 
D) decreased light due to canopy cover

Question 19

The facilitation model of succession involves strong competitive interactions among colonizing species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which backyard would you predict to have the greatest diversity of birds?

Accepted Answer

A) one with newly planted seedlings 
B) one with 5- to 10-year-old trees 
C) one with 25- to 50-year-old trees 
D) one with 60- to 100-year-old trees 
A) one with newly planted seedlings 
B) one with 5- to 10-year-old trees 
C) one with 25- to 50-year-old trees 
D) one with 60- to 100-year-old trees

Exam 18: Community Dynamics

What can paleoecologists utilize to assess which tree species existed in an area?

What is the timescale for succession to occur?

According to the figure,which species is considered a pioneer species?

The ________ model of succession proposes that early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species.

Community structure changes over relatively short timescales through succession,but it tends to be stable over longer geological timescales.

Communities vary in composition over space but usually not in composition over time.

As succession proceeds,what occurs with animals living in the habitat?

What does this figure suggest is responsible for increasing species diversity?

Changes in community composition and structure over time are called

The inhibition model of succession proposes that

The number of species within a community is usually greatest when

Which of the following is a characteristic of a late successional plant species?

Grasses are usually the first plant species to colonize sand dunes.

Overgrazing of kelp forests and their subsequent regrowth is

In the early stages of plant succession,shade-intolerant species are often common.

Light is the only environmental factor that changes during the course of succession in a community.

Succession occurs in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Which of the following is an autogenic change?

The facilitation model of succession involves strong competitive interactions among colonizing species.

Which backyard would you predict to have the greatest diversity of birds?

The Nature of Ecology

Climate

The Aquatic Environment

The Terrestrial Environment

Adaptation and Natural Selection

Plant Adaptations to the Environment

Animal Adaptations to the Environment

Properties of Populations

Population Growth

Life History

Intraspecific Population Regulation

Species Interactions, population Dynamics, and Natural Selection

Interspecific Competition

Predation

Parasitism and Mutualism

Community Structure

Factors Influencing the Structure of Communities

Landscape Dynamics

Ecosystem Energetics

Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling

Biogeochemical Cycles

Terrestrial Ecosystems

Aquatic Ecosystems

Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems

Large-Scale Patterns of Biological Diversity

The Ecology of Climate Change

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