Question 1

When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal,the nurse anticipates that the urine will become:

Accepted Answer

A)  More concentrated 
B)  Less concentrated 
C)  More alkaline 
D)  Less alkaline 
A)  More concentrated 
B)  Less concentrated 
C)  More alkaline 
D)  Less alkaline A

Question 2

The patient is frequently thirsty.The nurse assesses this symptom as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much sodium and too much water in the body 
B)  Too little sodium and too much water in the body 
C)  Too much sodium and too little water in the body 
D)  Too little sodium and too little water in the body 
A)  Too much sodium and too much water in the body 
B)  Too little sodium and too much water in the body 
C)  Too much sodium and too little water in the body 
D)  Too little sodium and too little water in the body C

Question 3

The nurse clarifies that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulatory and renal 
B)  Respiratory and circulatory 
C)  Renal and gastrointestinal 
D)  Hepatic and lymphatic 
A)  Circulatory and renal 
B)  Respiratory and circulatory 
C)  Renal and gastrointestinal 
D)  Hepatic and lymphatic A

Question 4

The K? laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.The nurse will assess the patient closely for:

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive thirst 
B)  Irregular heartbeat 
C)  Swelling of ankles 
D)  Frightening hallucinations 
A)  Excessive thirst 
B)  Irregular heartbeat 
C)  Swelling of ankles 
D)  Frightening hallucinations

Question 5

The nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot,dry weather,because the normal loss from respiration,which is ____________________ to ____________________ mL/day,is doubled.

Accepted Answer

300; 400
The normal fluid loss

Question 6

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes,which places the patient at risk for:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypercalcemia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hypokalemia 
A)  Hypercalcemia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hypokalemia

Question 7

Older adults are at risk for dehydration because of reduced thirst and aging kidneys.The nurse monitors for the early indicator of dehydration,which is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced skin turgor 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Concentrated urine 
D)  Disorientation 
A)  Reduced skin turgor 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Concentrated urine 
D)  Disorientation

Question 8

The nurse evaluates the laboratory reports on electrolyte values carefully to assess the balance between positive and negative ions,which is regulated by the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Osmosis 
A)  Adaptation 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Osmosis

Question 9

When the nurse hangs an IV bag with Na+,K+,and Cl-,he or she is aware that ________ are being administered.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients 
B)  Electrolytes 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Vitamins 
A)  Nutrients 
B)  Electrolytes 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Vitamins

Question 10

The nurse is aware that extracellular fluid osmolarity is primarily maintained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride 
B)  Magnesium 
C)  K+ 
D)  Sodium 
A)  Chloride 
B)  Magnesium 
C)  K+ 
D)  Sodium

Question 11

The nurse assesses that the patient's urine has become much more concentrated,which results from the effect of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenaline 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Insulin 
A)  Adrenaline 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Insulin

Question 12

The nurse instructs that the healthy kidney adjusts the volume and composition of the filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Filtration in the lymphatic system 
C)  Secretion of adrenalin 
D)  Tubular reabsorption 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Filtration in the lymphatic system 
C)  Secretion of adrenalin 
D)  Tubular reabsorption

Question 13

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own.These fluids move and distribute themselves among these compartments via a process known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis

Question 14

The licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D5W)with potassium (K+)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 ml of urine has been collected over the last hour.The LPN/LVN's best intervention is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid hanging the IV with K+, and inform the registered nurse (RN) of the urine output. 
B)  Run the IV rapidly for 30 minutes to stimulate urine production. 
C)  Call the physician who ordered the K+. 
D)  Hang the IV as ordered, and chart the output. 
A)  Avoid hanging the IV with K+, and inform the registered nurse (RN) of the urine output. 
B)  Run the IV rapidly for 30 minutes to stimulate urine production. 
C)  Call the physician who ordered the K+. 
D)  Hang the IV as ordered, and chart the output.

Question 15

The nurse has two newly admitted patients with dehydration.One patient is dehydrated from heat exhaustion,and the other is dehydrated from an overdose of Lasix.The finding that will be in both patients is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased skin turgor 
B)  Decreased pulse and respirations 
C)  Copious saliva and nasal secretions 
D)  Increased laboratory values of hemoglobin and hematocrit 
A)  Increased skin turgor 
B)  Decreased pulse and respirations 
C)  Copious saliva and nasal secretions 
D)  Increased laboratory values of hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 16

The nurse would instruct the patient with a K? level of 6.2 to avoid: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Lima beans 
B)  Bananas 
C)  Carrots 
D)  Tomatoes 
E)  Celery 
A)  Lima beans 
B)  Bananas 
C)  Carrots 
D)  Tomatoes 
E)  Celery

Question 17

The nurse clarifies that electrolytes,such as sodium and potassium (K+),break down into smaller particles when dissolved and are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells 
B)  Elements 
C)  Ions 
D)  Molecules 
A)  Cells 
B)  Elements 
C)  Ions 
D)  Molecules

Question 18

Because the patient with metabolic acidosis is hyperventilating,the nurse should closely monitor for the compensatory condition of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Thyroid imbalances 
A)  Metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Thyroid imbalances

Question 19

The nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a patient with metabolic acidosis to be an indicator of the homeostatic system at work to reduce the ____________________ level.

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Carbon dio

Question 20

The nurse would anticipate in a patient with respiratory acidosis that the blood pH reading would be lower than ____________________.

Accepted Answer

7.3
The lowest norma

Exam 14: Fluids and Electrolytes

When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal,the nurse anticipates that the urine will become:

The patient is frequently thirsty.The nurse assesses this symptom as:

The nurse clarifies that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

The K? laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.The nurse will assess the patient closely for:

The nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot,dry weather,because the normal loss from respiration,which is ____________________ to ____________________ mL/day,is doubled.

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes,which places the patient at risk for:

Older adults are at risk for dehydration because of reduced thirst and aging kidneys.The nurse monitors for the early indicator of dehydration,which is:

The nurse evaluates the laboratory reports on electrolyte values carefully to assess the balance between positive and negative ions,which is regulated by the process of:

When the nurse hangs an IV bag with Na+,K+,and Cl-,he or she is aware that ________ are being administered.

The nurse is aware that extracellular fluid osmolarity is primarily maintained by:

The nurse assesses that the patient's urine has become much more concentrated,which results from the effect of:

The nurse instructs that the healthy kidney adjusts the volume and composition of the filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss by:

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own.These fluids move and distribute themselves among these compartments via a process known as:

The licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D5W)with potassium (K+)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 ml of urine has been collected over the last hour.The LPN/LVN's best intervention is to:

The nurse has two newly admitted patients with dehydration.One patient is dehydrated from heat exhaustion,and the other is dehydrated from an overdose of Lasix.The finding that will be in both patients is:

The nurse would instruct the patient with a K? level of 6.2 to avoid: (Select all that apply.)

The nurse clarifies that electrolytes,such as sodium and potassium (K+),break down into smaller particles when dissolved and are called:

Because the patient with metabolic acidosis is hyperventilating,the nurse should closely monitor for the compensatory condition of:

The nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a patient with metabolic acidosis to be an indicator of the homeostatic system at work to reduce the ____________________ level.

The nurse would anticipate in a patient with respiratory acidosis that the blood pH reading would be lower than ____________________.

The Health Care System

Patient Care Settings

Legal and Ethical Considerations

The Leadership Role of the Licensed Practical Nurse

The Nurse-Patient Relationship

Cultural Aspects of Nursing Care

The Nurse and the Family

Health and Illness

Nutrition

Developmental Processes

The Older Patient

The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking

Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity

Pain Management

First Aid, Emergency Care, and Disaster Management

Surgical Care

Intravenous Therapy

Shock

Falls

Immobility

Confusion

Incontinence

Loss,Death,and End-of-Life Care

The Patient with Cancer

The Patient with an Ostomy

Neurologic Disorders

Cerebrovascular Accident

Spinal Cord Injury

Acute Respiratory Disorders

Chronic Respiratory Disorders

Hematologic Disorders

Immunologic Disorders

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cardiac Disorders

Vascular Disorders

Hypertension

Digestive Tract Disorders

Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

Urologic Disorders

Connective Tissue Disorders

Fractures

Amputations

Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders

Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders

Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia

Female Reproductive Disorders

Male Reproductive Disorders

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Skin Disorders

Eye and Vision Disorders

Ear and Hearing Disorders

Nose, Sinus, and Throat Disorders

Psychologic Responses to Illness

Psychiatric Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Filters

The nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot,dry weather,because the normal loss from respiration,which is to mL/day,is doubled.

When the nurse hangs an IV bag with Na⁺,K^+,and Cl^-,he or she is aware that ________ are being administered.

The licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D₅W)with potassium (K⁺)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 ml of urine has been collected over the last hour.The LPN/LVN's best intervention is to: