Question 1

The ranks of the middle-income countries expanded significantly between 1999 and 2000.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The global grain supply increased dramatically. 
B)  China was reclassified from low to middle income because of its economic growth. 
C)  There was a general shift of buying power from the global North to the global South. 
D)  The United States was reclassified to middle income due to the decline of its middle class and living standards more generally. 
A)  The global grain supply increased dramatically. 
B)  China was reclassified from low to middle income because of its economic growth. 
C)  There was a general shift of buying power from the global North to the global South. 
D)  The United States was reclassified to middle income due to the decline of its middle class and living standards more generally. B

Question 2

How do state-centered theories explain global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Some of the most recent explanations of successful economic development emphasize the role of state policy in promoting growth.Differing sharply from market-oriented theories,state-centered theories argue that appropriate government policies do not interfere with economic development but rather can play a key role in bringing it about.Thus,students should focus on the positive role the state might play in development and economic policy when explaining state-centered theories.

Question 3

After studying the political economy of modern Germany,Fran concludes that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit instead of looking at individual countries.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  dependency theories 
B)  state-centered theories 
C)  world-systems theory 
D)  modernization theory 
A)  dependency theories 
B)  state-centered theories 
C)  world-systems theory 
D)  modernization theory C

Question 4

Modernization theorist W.W.Rostow viewed economic growth as going through several stages,which he likened to the journey of an airplane.All of the following are stages in his theory EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  traditional stage 
B)  takeoff to economic growth 
C)  drive to technological maturity 
D)  investment in the arts 
A)  traditional stage 
B)  takeoff to economic growth 
C)  drive to technological maturity 
D)  investment in the arts

Question 5

Sonyuchka studies countries that are located primarily in east and southeast Asia,the oil-rich countries of the Middle East and north Africa,the Americas (Mexico,Central America,Cuba and other countries in the Caribbean and South America),and the once-communist republics that formerly made up the Soviet Union and its eastern European allies.She is likely studying __________ countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  Asian 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  Asian

Question 6

According to the textbook,high-income countries comprise about 18 percent of the world's population; however,they lay claim to over __________ of the world's annual output.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  45 percent 
D)  65 percent 
A)  5 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  45 percent 
D)  65 percent

Question 7

Sanjay studies global hunger,particularly in Bangladesh,China,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Ethiopia,India,Indonesia,and Pakistan.Why might she focus specifically on these countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hunger does not affect other countries significantly. 
B)  Two-thirds of people who go hungry every day live in these countries. 
C)  These countries have the same cultural practices around food. 
D)  Foreign aid to these countries has all but stopped. 
A)  Hunger does not affect other countries significantly. 
B)  Two-thirds of people who go hungry every day live in these countries. 
C)  These countries have the same cultural practices around food. 
D)  Foreign aid to these countries has all but stopped.

Question 8

In 2011,more than 100 million children under age five were underweight.The majority of those children live in:

Accepted Answer

A)  sub-Saharan Africa 
B)  South America 
C)  North America 
D)  southern Asia 
A)  sub-Saharan Africa 
B)  South America 
C)  North America 
D)  southern Asia

Question 9

Neoliberalism asserts that:

Accepted Answer

A)  free-market forces,achieved by minimizing governmental restrictions on business,provide the only route to economic growth 
B)  economic development can occur only if accompanied by liberal social values,such as securing a woman's right to abortion and supporting same-sex marriage 
C)  state involvement in the economy should be relatively high,even at times running entire industries 
D)  social democratic programs,such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state,are the bedrock of economic growth 
A)  free-market forces,achieved by minimizing governmental restrictions on business,provide the only route to economic growth 
B)  economic development can occur only if accompanied by liberal social values,such as securing a woman's right to abortion and supporting same-sex marriage 
C)  state involvement in the economy should be relatively high,even at times running entire industries 
D)  social democratic programs,such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state,are the bedrock of economic growth

Question 10

Mustafa is a world-systems theorist who studies the world's most powerful countries and outlines how those nations take the largest shares of the world's wealth.He is studying what kind of countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  core 
B)  peripheral 
C)  semiperipheral 
D)  futuristic 
A)  core 
B)  peripheral 
C)  semiperipheral 
D)  futuristic

Question 11

Keynesian economists begin with the assumption that the state should regulate economic policy for everyone's benefit.Why might sociologists who use market-oriented theories be critical of this idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  They believe that markets without state interference lead to the best economic outcomes. 
B)  Market-oriented theorists think that the state should control all markets. 
C)  They think that higher taxation rates for the poor are the best way to curb welfare provisions. 
D)  They believe that markets should be abolished in favor of a planned economy. 
A)  They believe that markets without state interference lead to the best economic outcomes. 
B)  Market-oriented theorists think that the state should control all markets. 
C)  They think that higher taxation rates for the poor are the best way to curb welfare provisions. 
D)  They believe that markets should be abolished in favor of a planned economy.

Question 12

Selma studies countries where fertility rates are much higher than the rest of the world.She is likely studying __________ countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist

Question 13

According to the textbook,market-oriented theories of global inequality assume that the best possible economic consequences will result if:

Accepted Answer

A)  competent politicians carefully regulate markets 
B)  individuals are free-uninhibited by any form of governmental constraint-to make their own economic decisions 
C)  cooperative enterprises replace privately owned businesses to create egalitarian markets 
D)  the public is provided with free access to public education 
A)  competent politicians carefully regulate markets 
B)  individuals are free-uninhibited by any form of governmental constraint-to make their own economic decisions 
C)  cooperative enterprises replace privately owned businesses to create egalitarian markets 
D)  the public is provided with free access to public education

Question 14

The World Bank classifies nations as low income,lower middle income,upper middle income,or high income based on their per person gross national income,or GNI-a number that reflects the average income in those nations.Why might sociologists find this form of classification problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making cross-national comparisons of income ignores the role of culture in making some groups used to poverty. 
B)  Because the number is an average of incomes in a country,it can mask inequality within a specific nation. 
C)  Global economic comparisons need to take into account the mode of production in every given nation. 
D)  Too many people lie about their incomes to make the number useful. 
A)  Making cross-national comparisons of income ignores the role of culture in making some groups used to poverty. 
B)  Because the number is an average of incomes in a country,it can mask inequality within a specific nation. 
C)  Global economic comparisons need to take into account the mode of production in every given nation. 
D)  Too many people lie about their incomes to make the number useful.

Question 15

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations. 
B)  Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out,rather than welcome,foreign corporations. 
D)  Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries. 
A)  Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations. 
B)  Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations. 
C)  Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out,rather than welcome,foreign corporations. 
D)  Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries.

Question 16

The global standard of living has done what during the past thirty years,according to the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly increased 
B)  slowly increased 
C)  rapidly decreased 
D)  slowly decreased 
A)  rapidly increased 
B)  slowly increased 
C)  rapidly decreased 
D)  slowly decreased

Question 17

If Sandra notes that the average income in the world has gone up over the past few decades to show the progress humanity has made,what evidence might a sociologist give to contradict her?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average income has actually declined. 
B)  The average income has fluctuated consistently over the years. 
C)  The average income has stagnated for the past three decades. 
D)  Despite a rise in average global income,there is still huge inequality between people in high-income nations and the rest of the world. 
A)  The average income has actually declined. 
B)  The average income has fluctuated consistently over the years. 
C)  The average income has stagnated for the past three decades. 
D)  Despite a rise in average global income,there is still huge inequality between people in high-income nations and the rest of the world.

Question 18

Ranjeet studies much of eastern,western,and sub-Saharan Africa; Vietnam,Cambodia,Indonesia,and a few other east Asian countries; India,Nepal,Bangladesh,and Pakistan in South Asia; east and central European countries,such as Georgia and Ukraine; and Haiti and Nicaragua in the western hemisphere.She is studying __________ countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist 
A)  high-income 
B)  middle-income 
C)  low-income 
D)  socialist

Question 19

Jian Mei explains in her work that philosophy led to economic development in many of east Asia's newly industrializing economies.She is likely referring to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the role of Confucianism in encouraging obedience,loyalty,and thrift 
B)  the ways that Zen stresses letting go of emotion 
C)  how Christianity spread to east Asia through European missionaries 
D)  the enforced atheism of communist China and its stress on the importance of money 
A)  the role of Confucianism in encouraging obedience,loyalty,and thrift 
B)  the ways that Zen stresses letting go of emotion 
C)  how Christianity spread to east Asia through European missionaries 
D)  the enforced atheism of communist China and its stress on the importance of money

Question 20

Magda's family is poor and lives in a low-income nation.One day,she becomes very ill.Magda's family would likely prefer her to be seen by medical personnel in France rather than her home country for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Low-income countries generally suffer from inadequate health facilities. 
B)  Hospitals and clinics rarely serve the poorest people in low-income countries. 
C)  People in low-income countries often lack proper sanitation. 
D)  There are no doctors in low-income countries. 
A)  Low-income countries generally suffer from inadequate health facilities. 
B)  Hospitals and clinics rarely serve the poorest people in low-income countries. 
C)  People in low-income countries often lack proper sanitation. 
D)  There are no doctors in low-income countries.

The ranks of the middle-income countries expanded significantly between 1999 and 2000.Why?

How do state-centered theories explain global inequality?

After studying the political economy of modern Germany,Fran concludes that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit instead of looking at individual countries.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?

Modernization theorist W.W.Rostow viewed economic growth as going through several stages,which he likened to the journey of an airplane.All of the following are stages in his theory EXCEPT:

According to the textbook,high-income countries comprise about 18 percent of the world's population; however,they lay claim to over __________ of the world's annual output.

Sanjay studies global hunger,particularly in Bangladesh,China,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Ethiopia,India,Indonesia,and Pakistan.Why might she focus specifically on these countries?

In 2011,more than 100 million children under age five were underweight.The majority of those children live in:

Neoliberalism asserts that:

Mustafa is a world-systems theorist who studies the world's most powerful countries and outlines how those nations take the largest shares of the world's wealth.He is studying what kind of countries?

Keynesian economists begin with the assumption that the state should regulate economic policy for everyone's benefit.Why might sociologists who use market-oriented theories be critical of this idea?

Selma studies countries where fertility rates are much higher than the rest of the world.She is likely studying __________ countries.

According to the textbook,market-oriented theories of global inequality assume that the best possible economic consequences will result if:

The World Bank classifies nations as low income,lower middle income,upper middle income,or high income based on their per person gross national income,or GNI-a number that reflects the average income in those nations.Why might sociologists find this form of classification problematic?

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

The global standard of living has done what during the past thirty years,according to the textbook?

If Sandra notes that the average income in the world has gone up over the past few decades to show the progress humanity has made,what evidence might a sociologist give to contradict her?

Jian Mei explains in her work that philosophy led to economic development in many of east Asia's newly industrializing economies.She is likely referring to:

Magda's family is poor and lives in a low-income nation.One day,she becomes very ill.Magda's family would likely prefer her to be seen by medical personnel in France rather than her home country for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Sociology: Theory and Method

Culture and Society

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, networks, and Organizations

Conformity, deviance, and Crime

Stratification, class, and Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health,illness,and Sexuality

Urbanization,population,and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

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Exam 8: Global Inequality

The ranks of the middle-income countries expanded significantly between 1999 and 2000.Why?

How do state-centered theories explain global inequality?

After studying the political economy of modern Germany,Fran concludes that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit instead of looking at individual countries.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?

Modernization theorist W.W.Rostow viewed economic growth as going through several stages,which he likened to the journey of an airplane.All of the following are stages in his theory EXCEPT:

According to the textbook,high-income countries comprise about 18 percent of the world's population; however,they lay claim to over __________ of the world's annual output.

Sanjay studies global hunger,particularly in Bangladesh,China,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Ethiopia,India,Indonesia,and Pakistan.Why might she focus specifically on these countries?

In 2011,more than 100 million children under age five were underweight.The majority of those children live in:

Neoliberalism asserts that:

Mustafa is a world-systems theorist who studies the world's most powerful countries and outlines how those nations take the largest shares of the world's wealth.He is studying what kind of countries?

Keynesian economists begin with the assumption that the state should regulate economic policy for everyone's benefit.Why might sociologists who use market-oriented theories be critical of this idea?

Selma studies countries where fertility rates are much higher than the rest of the world.She is likely studying __________ countries.

According to the textbook,market-oriented theories of global inequality assume that the best possible economic consequences will result if:

The World Bank classifies nations as low income,lower middle income,upper middle income,or high income based on their per person gross national income,or GNI-a number that reflects the average income in those nations.Why might sociologists find this form of classification problematic?

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

The global standard of living has done what during the past thirty years,according to the textbook?

If Sandra notes that the average income in the world has gone up over the past few decades to show the progress humanity has made,what evidence might a sociologist give to contradict her?

Jian Mei explains in her work that philosophy led to economic development in many of east Asia's newly industrializing economies.She is likely referring to:

Magda's family is poor and lives in a low-income nation.One day,she becomes very ill.Magda's family would likely prefer her to be seen by medical personnel in France rather than her home country for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Sociology: Theory and Method

Culture and Society

Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, networks, and Organizations

Conformity, deviance, and Crime

Stratification, class, and Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education and Religion

Politics and Economic Life

The Sociology of the Body: Health,illness,and Sexuality

Urbanization,population,and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

Filters