Question 1

The presence of the same homeotic genes in a wide range of organisms for producing set patterns is an indication that

Accepted Answer

A) evolution solved certain developmental problems just once. 
B) all organisms are composed of exactly the same proteins. 
C) the same homeotic mutations are likely to appear in all organisms. 
D) essentially we can complete the genome mapping of all animals in a short time. 
E) structures remain fairly constant,but regulation of animal development varies widely across the kingdom. 
A) evolution solved certain developmental problems just once. 
B) all organisms are composed of exactly the same proteins. 
C) the same homeotic mutations are likely to appear in all organisms. 
D) essentially we can complete the genome mapping of all animals in a short time. 
E) structures remain fairly constant,but regulation of animal development varies widely across the kingdom. A

Question 2

Describe the six steps involved in fertilization of an egg.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: The sperm makes its way through the corona radiata. Step 2: Acrosomal enzymes digest a portion of zona pellucida. Step 3: Sperm binds to and fuses with oocyte plasma membrane. Step 4: The sperm nucleus enters cytoplasm of oocyte. Step 5: Cortical granules release enzymes; zona pellucida becomes fertilization membrane. Step 6: Sperm and egg pronuclei are enclosed in a nuclear envelope. Bloom's Level: 6.Create Learning Outcome: 22.01.02 Describe the steps involved in fertilization.

Question 3

Researchers have observed that in villages in Russian Georgia where people have a low-calorie diet but are not malnourished,the average life expectancy is longer.Less food intake would result in fewer free radicals from metabolism,compared to societies where individuals ate more than they required.The text explains that genes for antioxidant enzymes that destroy free radicals would be inherited.How could we test,in a practical manner,whether this longevity was genetic or a matter of chosen diet?

Accepted Answer

A) Continue keeping records of villagers versus a control population with a normal diet until the numbers are statistically significant. 
B) Track the fate of villagers who move away to more affluent communities where people eat a better diet,or supplement the diet of a portion of the villagers over time. 
C) Conduct test-crosses to determine the life span of F1 and F2 generations. 
D) Examine a cell sample for developmental or homeotic genes. 
E) Take DNA samples from people and test for similarity of genes. 
A) Continue keeping records of villagers versus a control population with a normal diet until the numbers are statistically significant. 
B) Track the fate of villagers who move away to more affluent communities where people eat a better diet,or supplement the diet of a portion of the villagers over time. 
C) Conduct test-crosses to determine the life span of F1 and F2 generations. 
D) Examine a cell sample for developmental or homeotic genes. 
E) Take DNA samples from people and test for similarity of genes. B

Question 4

Which part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) archenteron 
B) blastopore 
C) chorion 
D) trophoblast 
E) inner cell mass 
A) archenteron 
B) blastopore 
C) chorion 
D) trophoblast 
E) inner cell mass

Question 5

Genes that determine how segments develop during morphogenesis are termed ____ genes.

Accepted Answer

A) induction 
B) cleavage 
C) differentiation 
D) homeotic 
E) home alone 
A) induction 
B) cleavage 
C) differentiation 
D) homeotic 
E) home alone

Question 6

Women are less likely than men to suffer from a heart attack.This is thought to be true because

Accepted Answer

A) women have less stressful lives than men. 
B) men have testosterone and women do not. 
C) women have estrogen and men do not. 
D) women tend to take better care of their health. 
E) women have a genetic resistance that prevents them from having heart attacks. 
A) women have less stressful lives than men. 
B) men have testosterone and women do not. 
C) women have estrogen and men do not. 
D) women tend to take better care of their health. 
E) women have a genetic resistance that prevents them from having heart attacks.

Question 7

During the formation of an embryo,a hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity inside is termed a

Accepted Answer

A) morula. 
B) blastula. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) gastrula. 
E) neurula. 
A) morula. 
B) blastula. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) gastrula. 
E) neurula.

Question 8

The process in which neighboring cells influence the development of each other,either by direct contact or by production of chemical signals,is

Accepted Answer

A) neurulation. 
B) gastrulation. 
C) induction. 
D) cytoplasmic segregation. 
E) homeotic pattern formation. 
A) neurulation. 
B) gastrulation. 
C) induction. 
D) cytoplasmic segregation. 
E) homeotic pattern formation.

Question 9

Which system below develops first in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive 
B) circulatory 
C) excretory 
D) respiratory 
E) nervous 
A) reproductive 
B) circulatory 
C) excretory 
D) respiratory 
E) nervous

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Embryonic cells are totipotent. 
B) Differentiation is due to parceling out of genes into various embryonic cells. 
C) The contents of the cytoplasm of an egg are not distributed uniformly. 
D) If an egg from a frog divides without receiving the gray crescent,it will not become a tadpole. 
E) Differentiation is influenced by chemical signals given off by neighboring cells. 
A) Embryonic cells are totipotent. 
B) Differentiation is due to parceling out of genes into various embryonic cells. 
C) The contents of the cytoplasm of an egg are not distributed uniformly. 
D) If an egg from a frog divides without receiving the gray crescent,it will not become a tadpole. 
E) Differentiation is influenced by chemical signals given off by neighboring cells.

Question 11

Another term for programmed cell death is

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) apoptosis. 
C) pattern formation. 
D) cellular differentiation. 
E) mitosis. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) apoptosis. 
C) pattern formation. 
D) cellular differentiation. 
E) mitosis.

Question 12

Milk production is triggered in breasts following several days of ____ production by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) prolactin; hypothalamus 
B) prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C) oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D) oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E) estrogen; ovaries 
A) prolactin; hypothalamus 
B) prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C) oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D) oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E) estrogen; ovaries

Question 13

During which stage of birth is the placenta delivered?

Accepted Answer

A) third stage 
B) first stage 
C) second stage 
D) It is done prior to stage one. 
E) It is done after the third stage. 
A) third stage 
B) first stage 
C) second stage 
D) It is done prior to stage one. 
E) It is done after the third stage.

Question 14

What role does the acrosome play in fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
B) It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
C) It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
D) It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
E) It causes the zona pellucida to become the fertilization membrane. 
A) It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
B) It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the zona pellucida. 
C) It contains enzymes that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
D) It contains lipids that digest a pathway for the sperm through the corona radiata. 
E) It causes the zona pellucida to become the fertilization membrane.

Question 15

Researchers have discovered _____ that determine the pattern of an animal and its individual parts.

Accepted Answer

A) embryonic signposts 
B) morphogen genes 
C) cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D) induction genes 
E) fate maps 
A) embryonic signposts 
B) morphogen genes 
C) cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D) induction genes 
E) fate maps

Question 16

During the ____ month,the fetal heartbeat is first loud enough to be heard by a physician with a stethoscope.

Accepted Answer

A) first 
B) second 
C) fourth 
D) sixth 
E) eighth 
A) first 
B) second 
C) fourth 
D) sixth 
E) eighth

Question 17

Free radicals,unpaired electrons,can cause aging because

Accepted Answer

A) they collect in the organs and skin,forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B) they bond with molecules that are nearby,like DNA and proteins,causing damage to the molecule. 
C) unpaired electrons pair up together and attack DNA. 
D) free radicals seek to free other electrons so that all electrons are stripped from DNA. 
E) they speed up metabolic processes,causing the organs to wear out faster. 
A) they collect in the organs and skin,forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B) they bond with molecules that are nearby,like DNA and proteins,causing damage to the molecule. 
C) unpaired electrons pair up together and attack DNA. 
D) free radicals seek to free other electrons so that all electrons are stripped from DNA. 
E) they speed up metabolic processes,causing the organs to wear out faster.

Question 18

The neural tube of vertebrates develops during morphogenesis of the nervous system by the

Accepted Answer

A) folding of ectoderm tissue. 
B) migration of mesoderm cells. 
C) fusion of ectoderm and mesoderm. 
D) contraction of the endoderm away from the mesoderm. 
E) extension of endoderm into a thin spinal column. 
A) folding of ectoderm tissue. 
B) migration of mesoderm cells. 
C) fusion of ectoderm and mesoderm. 
D) contraction of the endoderm away from the mesoderm. 
E) extension of endoderm into a thin spinal column.

Question 19

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

Accepted Answer

A) stage 1 
B) stage 2 
C) stage 3 
D) stage 4 
E) The cervix does not need to dilate for labor. 
A) stage 1 
B) stage 2 
C) stage 3 
D) stage 4 
E) The cervix does not need to dilate for labor.

Question 20

Which statement is NOT correct about the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygenated blood flows to the fetus via the umbilical vein. 
B) Fetal blood flows to the placenta via the umbilical artery. 
C) Oxygen and nutrients go to the fetus from the maternal circulatory system. 
D) Maternal and fetal blood mix with each other. 
E) The placenta produces progesterone and estrogen. 
A) Oxygenated blood flows to the fetus via the umbilical vein. 
B) Fetal blood flows to the placenta via the umbilical artery. 
C) Oxygen and nutrients go to the fetus from the maternal circulatory system. 
D) Maternal and fetal blood mix with each other. 
E) The placenta produces progesterone and estrogen.

Exam 22: Development and Aging

The presence of the same homeotic genes in a wide range of organisms for producing set patterns is an indication that

Describe the six steps involved in fertilization of an egg.

Which part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo?

Genes that determine how segments develop during morphogenesis are termed ____ genes.

Women are less likely than men to suffer from a heart attack.This is thought to be true because

During the formation of an embryo,a hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity inside is termed a

The process in which neighboring cells influence the development of each other,either by direct contact or by production of chemical signals,is

Which system below develops first in the embryo?

Which of the following is NOT correct?

Another term for programmed cell death is

Milk production is triggered in breasts following several days of ____ production by the ____.

During which stage of birth is the placenta delivered?

What role does the acrosome play in fertilization?

Researchers have discovered _____ that determine the pattern of an animal and its individual parts.

During the ____ month,the fetal heartbeat is first loud enough to be heard by a physician with a stethoscope.

Free radicals,unpaired electrons,can cause aging because

The neural tube of vertebrates develops during morphogenesis of the nervous system by the

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

Which statement is NOT correct about the placenta?

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization and Function

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Inheritance and Genetic Disorders

Dna Structure and Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Viruses, bacteria, and Archaea

Protistans

Plants

Animals: Part I

Animals Part II

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Environmental Concerns

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Milk production is triggered in breasts following several days of production by the .