Question 1

The electrical conductivity (EC)of a paste of a saline soil and water is generally less than 4 dS/m.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Soils with high sodium adsorption ratios commonly have very stable soil structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Sodic soils generally have better physical conditions than either saline or saline-sodic soils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following comparisons of the three different classes of salt-affected soils is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodic soils generally have the lowest pH. 
B) Saline soils are generally higher in soluble salts than saline-sodic soils. 
C) Sodic soils generally have the highest EC levels. 
D) The pH of saline soils is generally above 8.5. 
E) Sodic soils are commonly formed by leaching saline-sodic soils. 
A) Sodic soils generally have the lowest pH. 
B) Saline soils are generally higher in soluble salts than saline-sodic soils. 
C) Sodic soils generally have the highest EC levels. 
D) The pH of saline soils is generally above 8.5. 
E) Sodic soils are commonly formed by leaching saline-sodic soils.

Question 5

Saline-sodic soils have electrical conductivities greater than 4 dS/m and a sodium adsorption ratio of less than 13.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The source of salts for some naturally occurring saline soils are ancient fossil deposits of salts in old lake beds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following plants would be most apt to tolerate high soil salinity?

Accepted Answer

A) cotton 
B) alfalfa 
C) apples 
D) corn 
E) tomato 
A) cotton 
B) alfalfa 
C) apples 
D) corn 
E) tomato

Question 8

Saline-sodic soils are characterized by all but which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) soil pH less than 8.5 
B) exchangeable sodium percentage greater than 15 
C) EC 4 dS/m or higher 
D) sodium adsorption ratio greater than 13 
E) CaCO3 layer near the soil surface. 
A) soil pH less than 8.5 
B) exchangeable sodium percentage greater than 15 
C) EC 4 dS/m or higher 
D) sodium adsorption ratio greater than 13 
E) CaCO3 layer near the soil surface.

Question 9

Sodic soils are sometimes referred to as white alkalis because of the white salt crusts that appear on the surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The presence of neutral salts in salt-affected soils helps keep the pH from rising above 8.5.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The high pH of sodic soils is due to the high saturation of the colloidal complex with calcium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The cation exchange capacities of alkaline soils are generally higher than those of acid soils (Vertisols excepted).Which of the following characteristics of alkaline soils most likely accounts for this high CEC?

Accepted Answer

A) high humus content 
B) high content of hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum 
C) high exchangeable calcium 
D) high exchangeable sodium content 
E) high content of 2:1 type clays 
A) high humus content 
B) high content of hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum 
C) high exchangeable calcium 
D) high exchangeable sodium content 
E) high content of 2:1 type clays

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship among the several methods available to measure electrical conductivity (EC)of soils?

Accepted Answer

A) The saturated paste extract method is the best field method. 
B) The four electrode field sensor gives EC values about 2x those of the saturated paste method. 
C) The saturation extract procedure is more accurate than the saturated paste method. 
D) Electromagnetic induction method requires prongs to penetrate the soil. 
E) The saturated paste method takes more time than the four electrode field sensor. 
A) The saturated paste extract method is the best field method. 
B) The four electrode field sensor gives EC values about 2x those of the saturated paste method. 
C) The saturation extract procedure is more accurate than the saturated paste method. 
D) Electromagnetic induction method requires prongs to penetrate the soil. 
E) The saturated paste method takes more time than the four electrode field sensor.

Question 14

A homeowner in New Mexico attempted to grow azaleas in a well drained soil (pH 7.5)but the plants were stunted and the leaves were yellow.What is the most likely cause of this constraint?

Accepted Answer

A) P deficiency 
B) Mn toxicity 
C) Fe deficiency 
D) Ca toxicity 
E) Na toxicity 
A) P deficiency 
B) Mn toxicity 
C) Fe deficiency 
D) Ca toxicity 
E) Na toxicity

Question 15

Available phosphorus levels are constrained in alkaline and salt-affected soils because of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) high iron and aluminum levels 
B) high exchangeable sodium levels 
C) high calcium and magnesium levels 
D) high manganese levels 
E) low hydrogen ion levels 
A) high iron and aluminum levels 
B) high exchangeable sodium levels 
C) high calcium and magnesium levels 
D) high manganese levels 
E) low hydrogen ion levels

Question 16

Irrigation waters with high sodium adsorption (SAR)ratios are preferred over those with lower ratios.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Conservation tillage can help reduce salt build up by reducing surface evaporation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Elemental sulfur is the most widely used chemical for the reclamation of sodic soils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Saline soils are characteristic of arid and semiarid areas with poor internal drainage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Some irrigation systems have stimulated the formation of saline and saline-sodic soils.Which of the following contributes to this process?

Accepted Answer

A) the low sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water 
B) high Ca and Mg contents in the irrigation water 
C) inadequate drainage systems to remove soluble salts 
D) high contents of sulfates and chlorides in the irrigation water 
E) low pH of the irrigation water 
A) the low sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water 
B) high Ca and Mg contents in the irrigation water 
C) inadequate drainage systems to remove soluble salts 
D) high contents of sulfates and chlorides in the irrigation water 
E) low pH of the irrigation water

The electrical conductivity (EC)of a paste of a saline soil and water is generally less than 4 dS/m.

Soils with high sodium adsorption ratios commonly have very stable soil structures.

Sodic soils generally have better physical conditions than either saline or saline-sodic soils.

Which of the following comparisons of the three different classes of salt-affected soils is correct?

Saline-sodic soils have electrical conductivities greater than 4 dS/m and a sodium adsorption ratio of less than 13.

The source of salts for some naturally occurring saline soils are ancient fossil deposits of salts in old lake beds.

Which of the following plants would be most apt to tolerate high soil salinity?

Saline-sodic soils are characterized by all but which one of the following?

Sodic soils are sometimes referred to as white alkalis because of the white salt crusts that appear on the surface.

The presence of neutral salts in salt-affected soils helps keep the pH from rising above 8.5.

The high pH of sodic soils is due to the high saturation of the colloidal complex with calcium.

The cation exchange capacities of alkaline soils are generally higher than those of acid soils (Vertisols excepted).Which of the following characteristics of alkaline soils most likely accounts for this high CEC?

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship among the several methods available to measure electrical conductivity (EC)of soils?

A homeowner in New Mexico attempted to grow azaleas in a well drained soil (pH 7.5)but the plants were stunted and the leaves were yellow.What is the most likely cause of this constraint?

Available phosphorus levels are constrained in alkaline and salt-affected soils because of _____.

Irrigation waters with high sodium adsorption (SAR)ratios are preferred over those with lower ratios.

Conservation tillage can help reduce salt build up by reducing surface evaporation.

Elemental sulfur is the most widely used chemical for the reclamation of sodic soils.

Saline soils are characteristic of arid and semiarid areas with poor internal drainage.

Some irrigation systems have stimulated the formation of saline and saline-sodic soils.Which of the following contributes to this process?

The Soils Around Us

Formation of Soils From Parent Materials

Soil Classification

Soil Architecture and Physical Properties

Soil Water: Characteristics and Behavior

Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle

Soil Aeration and Temperature

The Colloidal Fraction: Seat of Soil Chemical and Physical Activity

Soil Acidity

Organisms and Ecology of the Soil

Soil Organic Matter

Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils

Soil Phosphorus and Potassium

Calcium,magnesium and Trace Elements

Practical Nutrient Management

Soil Erosion and Its Control

Soils and Chemical Pollution

Geographic Information About Soils

Prospects for Global Soil Quality As Affected by Human Activities

Filters

Exam 10: Soils of Dry Regionsalkalinity,salinity and Sodicity

The electrical conductivity (EC)of a paste of a saline soil and water is generally less than 4 dS/m.

Soils with high sodium adsorption ratios commonly have very stable soil structures.

Sodic soils generally have better physical conditions than either saline or saline-sodic soils.

Which of the following comparisons of the three different classes of salt-affected soils is correct?

Saline-sodic soils have electrical conductivities greater than 4 dS/m and a sodium adsorption ratio of less than 13.

The source of salts for some naturally occurring saline soils are ancient fossil deposits of salts in old lake beds.

Which of the following plants would be most apt to tolerate high soil salinity?

Saline-sodic soils are characterized by all but which one of the following?

Sodic soils are sometimes referred to as white alkalis because of the white salt crusts that appear on the surface.

The presence of neutral salts in salt-affected soils helps keep the pH from rising above 8.5.

The high pH of sodic soils is due to the high saturation of the colloidal complex with calcium.

The cation exchange capacities of alkaline soils are generally higher than those of acid soils (Vertisols excepted).Which of the following characteristics of alkaline soils most likely accounts for this high CEC?

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship among the several methods available to measure electrical conductivity (EC)of soils?

A homeowner in New Mexico attempted to grow azaleas in a well drained soil (pH 7.5)but the plants were stunted and the leaves were yellow.What is the most likely cause of this constraint?

Available phosphorus levels are constrained in alkaline and salt-affected soils because of _____.

Irrigation waters with high sodium adsorption (SAR)ratios are preferred over those with lower ratios.

Conservation tillage can help reduce salt build up by reducing surface evaporation.

Elemental sulfur is the most widely used chemical for the reclamation of sodic soils.

Saline soils are characteristic of arid and semiarid areas with poor internal drainage.

Some irrigation systems have stimulated the formation of saline and saline-sodic soils.Which of the following contributes to this process?

The Soils Around Us

Formation of Soils From Parent Materials

Soil Classification

Soil Architecture and Physical Properties

Soil Water: Characteristics and Behavior

Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle

Soil Aeration and Temperature

The Colloidal Fraction: Seat of Soil Chemical and Physical Activity

Soil Acidity

Organisms and Ecology of the Soil

Soil Organic Matter

Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils

Soil Phosphorus and Potassium

Calcium,magnesium and Trace Elements

Practical Nutrient Management

Soil Erosion and Its Control

Soils and Chemical Pollution

Geographic Information About Soils

Prospects for Global Soil Quality As Affected by Human Activities

Filters