Deck 20: Reading, Understanding, and Creating Graphs

Question 1

Exhibit 2A-5
Refer to Exhibit 2A-5. The movement from A to B is called a

A) change in dimension.
B) shift in the curve.
C) movement along the curve.
D) change in the intercept.
E) change in the slope.

Answer 1

movement along the curve.

Question 2

Exhibit 2A-2
The type of chart shown in Exhibit 2A-2 is referred to as a

A) dual-scale diagram.
B) time-series graph.
C) bar chart.
D) pie chart.
E) scatter diagram.

Answer 2

pie chart.

Question 3

An inverse relationship between two variables indicates a

A) causation.
B) constant slope.
C) positive slope.
D) negative slope.

Answer 3

negative slope.

Question 4

Exhibit 2A-2
Suppose in 2010, on average, 10 million people were unemployed. According to Exhibit 2A-2, how many of these people had been unemployed for less than five weeks?

A) 3.2 million
B) 3.3 million
C) 3.5 million
D) 32 million
E) 33 million

Question 5

Exhibit 2A-5
Refer to Exhibit 2A-5. The movement from C to B is called a

A) change in dimension.
B) shift in the relationship between X and Y.
C) movement along the curve.
D) parallel change.
E) constant.

Question 6

The slope of an inverse relationship

A) must be positive.
B) is calculated by dividing the variable on the horizontal axis by the variable on the vertical axis.
C) must be negative.
D) can never be measured.
E) must be constant everywhere along the curve.

Question 7

Exhibit 2A-4

-Refer to Exhibit 2A-4. The slope of the relationship between X and Y is

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) zero.
D) infinity.
E) less than -1.

Question 8

Exhibit 2A-1
Exhibit 2A-1 is an example of a

A) bar chart.
B) scatter diagram.
C) pie chart.
D) time-series plot.
E) dual-scale diagram

Question 9

A curve shows that every time family income increases by $1, spending increases by $.75. This curve would

A) have a negative slope with decreasing absolute value.
B) have a positive slope with increasing absolute value.
C) have a negative slope with increasing absolute value.
D) have a positive slope with decreasing absolute value.
E) be a straight line with a positive slope.

Question 10

Exhibit 2A-4
The curve in Exhibit 2A-4 represents a(n)

A) negative slope.
B) slope that is constant and positive.
C) slope that is not constant and positive.
D) inverse relationship.
E) slope that is constant.

Question 11

Exhibit 2A-3
According to Exhibit 2A-3, which of the following is true?

A) The magnitude of the slope at point B is the same as it is at point A.
B) The magnitude of the slope at point A is less than the magnitude of the slope at point B.
C) The slope at point A is negative, whereas the slope at point B is positive.
D) The magnitude of the slope at point B is less than the magnitude of the slope at point A.
E) The magnitude of the slope at point A is greater than the magnitude of the slope at point B.

Question 12

Exhibit 2A-3
In Exhibit 2A-3, the curve has a

A) positive slope with decreasing absolute value.
B) negative slope with decreasing absolute value.
C) negative slope with increasing absolute value.
D) constant negative slope.
E) positive slope with increasing absolute value.

Question 13

Exhibit 2A-5
According to Exhibit 2A-5, the slope of line 1 may be 1.25, whereas the slope of line 2 may be .75.

Question 14

Suppose a curve shows that every time family income increases by $1, spending increases by $.75. If spending increases by $500, then income increased by

A) $667.
B) $500.
C) $375.
D) $125.

Question 15

Suppose a curve shows that every time family income increases by $1, spending increases by $.75. If family income increases by $500, then spending will increase by

A) $667.
B) $125.
C) $375.
D) $500.

Question 16

Exhibit 2A-4
Refer to Exhibit 2A-4. Which of the following statements is true?

A) The slope at point B is greater than the slope at point A.
B) The slope at point A is less than the slope at point B.
C) The slope at point A is greater than the slope at point B.
D) The slope at point B is the same as the slope at point A.
E) The slope at point A is negative, whereas the slope at point B is positive.

Question 17

Exhibit 2A-1
According to Exhibit 2A-1, in 2008 the

A) inflation rate was close to 5 percent, and the unemployment rate was about 7 percent.
B) unemployment rate and the inflation rate were equal.
C) inflation rate was close to 6 percent, and the unemployment rate was above 2 percent.
D) inflation rate was close to 2 percent, and the unemployment rate was close to 6 percent.
E) inflation rate was above 10 percent, and the unemployment rate was close to 2 percent.

Question 18

A two-dimensional diagram can be represented by the

A) depth of this page.
B) length of this page.
C) surface of this page.
D) volume of a book.
E) width of this page.

Question 19

Exhibit 2A-3
In Exhibit 2A-3, the curve shows

A) a constant relationship.
B) a direct relationship.
C) a straight-line relationship.
D) an inverse relationship.
E) normative economics.

Question 20

A relationship showing that exam grades are positively related to hours of study can be described by a curve that

A) slopes downward.
B) is horizontal.
C) has a negative slope with increasing absolute value.
D) slopes upward.
E) has a negative slope with decreasing absolute value.

Question 21

Explain the purpose of each of the following types of graphs:
(A)Time-series graph
(B)Scatter plot
(C)Pie chart

Question 22

Exhibit 2A-8
The slope of the relationship between X and Y is positive in Exhibit 2A-8.

Question 23

Refer to the table below, which shows data for the United States. (A)Construct a time-series plot of the unemployment rate.
(B)Construct a time-series plot of the inflation rate.
(C)Construct a scatter plot of the data. Is there any apparent correlation between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate in these data?

Question 24

Refer to the table below. Analyze the data on the number of meals served at small and large restaurants. The number of meals served will vary with the number of cooks employed at the restaurant. (A)Show the relationship between cooks and meals served by graphing two curves with cooks on the horizontal axis and the number of meals on the vertical axis. How do the slopes of the curves change as more cooks are employed?
(B)Is the change in the number of cooks a shift in the curve or a movement along the curve?
(C)Is the change in the size of the restaurant a shift in the curve or a movement along the curve?

Question 25

Exhibit 2A-8
There is a linear relationship between X and Y in Exhibit 2A-8.

Question 26

The table below shows the inflation rate for the period 2005 through 2010. Suppose you wanted to show that there was not much variation in the inflation rate over this period. How would you represent this table in a graph? Suppose you wanted to show that there was a large amount of variation during this period. How would you represent this table in a graph?

Question 27

Exhibit 2A-7

-Exhibit 2A-7 shows the relationship between X and Y. The slope of the relationship is

A) positive, and the slope increases with Y.
B) positive, and the slope decreases with Y.
C) equal to -1.
D) negative, and the slope increases with Y.
E) negative, and the slope decreases with Y.

Question 28

A two-dimensional graph cannot be used to show what will happen to the relationship between X and Y if any of the ceteris paribus assumptions change.

Question 29

Consider a ratio for the total number of miles traveled by car divided by the total number of drivers.
(A)If both the total number of miles traveled by car and the total number of drivers increase over time, what must be true for the ratio to rise over time?
(B)If both the total number of miles traveled by car and the total number of drivers fall over time, what must be true for the ratio to rise over time?
(C)If the ratio is not changing over time, what must be true about the total number of miles traveled by car and the total number of drivers over time, and relative to each other?

Question 30

Graph the relationship between X and Y such that the relationship between X and Y is linear and positive.
(A)On this graph, show what happens to Y if X increases.
(B)Suppose there is a third variable, Z, that causes Y to decrease (for any given value of X) whenever Z increases. Show what happens to the relationship between X and Y.

Question 31

Suppose the value of one variable rises while the value of another variable falls; then the slope of the relationship between the two variables is between 0 and 1.

Question 32

Consider a straight line with a slope of +1 that intersects the origin. It dissects the positive X-Y quadrant. Select any point on the line. What must be true about the distance between the origin and the X coordinate and between the origin and the Y coordinate?

Question 33

A positive relationship represents a situation where an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable. Draw three graphs that represent a positive relationship.

Question 34

Exhibit 2A-5
Refer to Exhibit 2A-5. Which of the following would best explain the shift from line 1 to line 2?

A) An increase in X
B) A decline in Y
C) A decrease in X
D) A change in a third variable, Z, which affects the relationship between Y and X
E) An increase in the slope

Question 35

Exhibit 2A-6
Exhibit 2A-6 shows the relationship between the price of sodas and the quantities that two families are willing to buy. Suppose that both families are willing to buy more sodas while the soda price remain constant. Which of the following is correct?

A) A shift of both curves to the right
B) A shift of both curves to the left
C) A shift of the curve for Family A to the right and a shift of the curve for Family B to the left
D) A shift of the curve for Family B to the right and a shift of the curve for Family A to the left
E) A movement along each of the two curves