Deck 12: Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the effects of parathyroid hormone?

A) The movement of calcium from blood to bone
B) The excretion of calcium in the intestines
C) The reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
D) Increase the rate of metabolism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume

Answer 2

H

Question 3

Steroid hormones

A) bind with a receptor on the cell wall, triggering a second messenger system.
B) pass through the cell wall and bind with receptors in the nucleus of the cell.
C) pass through the cell wall and activate specific enzymes, which trigger a reaction.
D) attach to the cell wall and act as receptors for circulating hormones.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth

Question 5

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in female individuals

Question 6

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

Question 7

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone may result in which disorder?

A) Cretinism
B) Goiter
C) Gigantism
D) Grave's disease

Question 8

What is the mechanism whereby one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete a hormone, which, in turn, causes the first endocrine gland to stop production of its hormone?

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Second messenger system
D) Hormone-inhibiting mechanism

Question 9

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Stimulates ovulation in female individuals

Question 10

After undergoing surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the patient begins to experience severe muscle spasms. What is the most likely cause?

A) Removal of the thyroid gland triggered a release of parathyroid hormone, which caused calcium to move from the bones into the blood.
B) Removal of the thyroid gland would suppress levels of calcitonin, and blood calcium levels would decline.
C) The parathyroid glands were most likely removed along with the thyroid, causing parathyroid hormone levels to decrease and blood calcium levels to decline.
D) Removal of the thyroid gland interfered with the activation of vitamin D, interfering with the ability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food.

Question 11

Which statement about the anterior pituitary is correct?

A) It stores hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus.
B) It releases its hormones into a system of blood vessels called the hypophyseal portal system.
C) It consists of neural tissue.
D) It holds hormones until stimulated by the nervous system to release them.

Question 12

The endocrine gland that influences more body processes than any other endocrine gland is the

A) thyroid gland.
B) pituitary gland.
C) adrenal gland.
D) pineal gland.

Question 13

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?

A) Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormone into the bloodstream.
B) Endocrine glands respond quickly to stimuli.
C) The endocrine system exerts short-lived effects.
D) The endocrine system adapts quickly to continual stimulation.

Question 15

The pineal gland secretes

A) somatotropin.
B) melatonin.
C) oxytocin.
D) gonadotropin.

Question 16

Which gland is part of both the endocrine and immune systems?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pineal gland
C) Thymus
D) Adrenal glands

Question 17

Protein-based hormones exert their effects by

A) binding with a cell's nucleus.
B) activating enzymes within a cell.
C) activating enzymes outside a cell.
D) altering a cell's DNA.

Question 18

What is a second messenger system?

A) A set of hormones that carries primary hormones to target cells
B) A chemical that prolongs the effects of a particular hormone
C) A system that promotes a negative feedback loop to stop the secretion of a particular hormone
D) A cascade of processes that influences a cell's response to a hormone

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland?

A) Thyrotropin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Thymosin
D) Calcitonin

Question 20

What would you expect to occur in response to increasing blood levels of calcium?

A) The parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone
B) The thyroid gland to release calcitonin
C) The thyroid gland to suppress release of calcitonin
D) The adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamines

Question 21

The adrenal medulla consists of ____________________; these cells secrete ____________________.

Question 22

Which cells secrete the hormone insulin?

A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Delta cells
D) Islet cells

Question 23

The posterior pituitary consists of ____________________ tissue and is called the ____________________.

Question 24

The principal mineralocorticoid is ____________________.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?

A) It is primarily an endocrine gland.
B) It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
C) Pancreatic islets consist of a single cell type.
D) It lies just in front of the stomach.

Question 26

The middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the ____________________; it secretes ____________________.

Question 27

Vasopressin is another name for ____________________.

Question 28

The principal glucocorticoid is ____________________.

Question 29

The more ____________________ a cell has, the more sensitive it will be to a hormone.

Question 30

What occurs between meals when blood sugar levels decline?

A) Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon.
B) Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin.
C) Delta cells secrete somatostatin.
D) The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids.

Question 31

How does thyroid hormone affect heat production?

A) It causes shivering, which increases warmth.
B) It stimulates metabolism, which increases warmth.
C) It promotes the secretion of catecholamines, which dilates blood vessels and, therefore, increases warmth.
D) It increases the heart rate, which promotes circulation to increase warmth.

Question 32

The anterior pituitary consists of ____________________ tissue and is called the ____________________.

Question 33

The adrenal cortex consists of ____________________ tissue; these cells secrete different types of ____________________.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex correct?

A) It contains modified neurons called chromaffin cells.
B) It acts as part of the sympathetic nervous system.
C) It consists of three layers, each of which secretes a different corticosteroid.
D) It helps boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Question 35

Calcitonin exerts its effect on which organ?

A) Bones
B) Kidneys
C) Intestines
D) Liver

Question 36

What effect do glucagon, catecholamines, and glucocorticoids have in common?

A) They are secreted in response to stress.
B) They boost blood glucose levels.
C) They cause blood glucose levels to fall.
D) They are secreted when blood glucose levels fall.

Question 37

The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex is called the ____________________; it secretes ____________________.

Question 38

An increase in hormone output from the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex would mostly likely produce which sign?

A) Increased levels of sodium
B) Increased blood glucose levels
C) Increased levels of potassium
D) Dehydration

Question 39

During a time of stress, which layer of the adrenal cortex would you expect to be the most active?

A) Zona glomerulosa
B) Zona fasciculata
C) Zona reticularis
D) All three zones

Question 40

Which statement about glucocorticoids is correct?

A) They aid in the repair of damaged tissue.
B) They trigger inflammation.
C) They boost the immune system, especially when secreted over a long term.
D) They cause blood pressure to become unstable.

Question 41

The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete the hormone ____________________.

Question 42

A diminished number of insulin receptors results in a disorder called ____________________.

Question 43

The hormone that triggers the development of male sexual characteristics is ____________________.

Question 44

The cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin are called ____________________ cells.