Question 1

After undergoing surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the patient begins to experience severe muscle spasms. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of the thyroid gland triggered a release of parathyroid hormone, which caused calcium to move from the bones into the blood. 
B)  Removal of the thyroid gland would suppress levels of calcitonin, and blood calcium levels would decline. 
C)  The parathyroid glands were most likely removed along with the thyroid, causing parathyroid hormone levels to decrease and blood calcium levels to decline. 
D)  Removal of the thyroid gland interfered with the activation of vitamin D, interfering with the ability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food. 
A)  Removal of the thyroid gland triggered a release of parathyroid hormone, which caused calcium to move from the bones into the blood. 
B)  Removal of the thyroid gland would suppress levels of calcitonin, and blood calcium levels would decline. 
C)  The parathyroid glands were most likely removed along with the thyroid, causing parathyroid hormone levels to decrease and blood calcium levels to decline. 
D)  Removal of the thyroid gland interfered with the activation of vitamin D, interfering with the ability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food. C

Question 2

An increase in hormone output from the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex would mostly likely produce which sign?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased levels of sodium 
B)  Increased blood glucose levels 
C)  Increased levels of potassium 
D)  Dehydration 
A)  Increased levels of sodium 
B)  Increased blood glucose levels 
C)  Increased levels of potassium 
D)  Dehydration A

Question 3

How does thyroid hormone affect heat production?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes shivering, which increases warmth. 
B)  It stimulates metabolism, which increases warmth. 
C)  It promotes the secretion of catecholamines, which dilates blood vessels and, therefore, increases warmth. 
D)  It increases the heart rate, which promotes circulation to increase warmth. 
A)  It causes shivering, which increases warmth. 
B)  It stimulates metabolism, which increases warmth. 
C)  It promotes the secretion of catecholamines, which dilates blood vessels and, therefore, increases warmth. 
D)  It increases the heart rate, which promotes circulation to increase warmth. B

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the effects of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  The movement of calcium from blood to bone 
B)  The excretion of calcium in the intestines 
C)  The reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys 
D)  Increase the rate of metabolism 
A)  The movement of calcium from blood to bone 
B)  The excretion of calcium in the intestines 
C)  The reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys 
D)  Increase the rate of metabolism

Question 5

Which cells secrete the hormone insulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha cells 
B)  Beta cells 
C)  Delta cells 
D)  Islet cells 
A)  Alpha cells 
B)  Beta cells 
C)  Delta cells 
D)  Islet cells

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is primarily an endocrine gland. 
B)  It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. 
C)  Pancreatic islets consist of a single cell type. 
D)  It lies just in front of the stomach. 
A)  It is primarily an endocrine gland. 
B)  It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. 
C)  Pancreatic islets consist of a single cell type. 
D)  It lies just in front of the stomach.

Question 7

What is the mechanism whereby one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete a hormone, which, in turn, causes the first endocrine gland to stop production of its hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative feedback 
B)  Positive feedback 
C)  Second messenger system 
D)  Hormone-inhibiting mechanism 
A)  Negative feedback 
B)  Positive feedback 
C)  Second messenger system 
D)  Hormone-inhibiting mechanism

Question 8

The more ____________________ a cell has, the more sensitive it will be to a hormone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The more ____________________ a cell has, the...

Question 9

The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete the hormone ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete...

Question 10

The principal mineralocorticoid is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principal mineralocorticoid is ____________________....

Question 11

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone may result in which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cretinism 
B)  Goiter 
C)  Gigantism 
D)  Grave's disease 
A)  Cretinism 
B)  Goiter 
C)  Gigantism 
D)  Grave's disease

Question 12

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  bind with a receptor on the cell wall, triggering a second messenger system. 
B)  pass through the cell wall and bind with receptors in the nucleus of the cell. 
C)  pass through the cell wall and activate specific enzymes, which trigger a reaction. 
D)  attach to the cell wall and act as receptors for circulating hormones. 
A)  bind with a receptor on the cell wall, triggering a second messenger system. 
B)  pass through the cell wall and bind with receptors in the nucleus of the cell. 
C)  pass through the cell wall and activate specific enzymes, which trigger a reaction. 
D)  attach to the cell wall and act as receptors for circulating hormones.

Question 13

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
-Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in female individuals

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone...

Question 14

What effect do glucagon, catecholamines, and glucocorticoids have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are secreted in response to stress. 
B)  They boost blood glucose levels. 
C)  They cause blood glucose levels to fall. 
D)  They are secreted when blood glucose levels fall. 
A)  They are secreted in response to stress. 
B)  They boost blood glucose levels. 
C)  They cause blood glucose levels to fall. 
D)  They are secreted when blood glucose levels fall.

Question 15

Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin
b.prolactin
c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d.somatotropin
e.luteinizing hormone (LH)
f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
g.oxytocin
h.vasopressin
-Acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each hormone with its effects.
a.thyroid-stimulation hormone...

Question 16

The adrenal cortex consists of ____________________ tissue; these cells secrete different types of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

glandular,

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains modified neurons called chromaffin cells. 
B)  It acts as part of the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  It consists of three layers, each of which secretes a different corticosteroid. 
D)  It helps boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen into glucose. 
A)  It contains modified neurons called chromaffin cells. 
B)  It acts as part of the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  It consists of three layers, each of which secretes a different corticosteroid. 
D)  It helps boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Question 18

Calcitonin exerts its effect on which organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bones 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Liver 
A)  Bones 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Liver

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormone into the bloodstream. 
B)  Endocrine glands respond quickly to stimuli. 
C)  The endocrine system exerts short-lived effects. 
D)  The endocrine system adapts quickly to continual stimulation. 
A)  Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormone into the bloodstream. 
B)  Endocrine glands respond quickly to stimuli. 
C)  The endocrine system exerts short-lived effects. 
D)  The endocrine system adapts quickly to continual stimulation.

Question 20

What occurs between meals when blood sugar levels decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon. 
B)  Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin. 
C)  Delta cells secrete somatostatin. 
D)  The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids. 
A)  Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon. 
B)  Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin. 
C)  Delta cells secrete somatostatin. 
D)  The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids.

Exam 12: Endocrine System

After undergoing surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the patient begins to experience severe muscle spasms. What is the most likely cause?

An increase in hormone output from the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex would mostly likely produce which sign?

How does thyroid hormone affect heat production?

Which of the following is one of the effects of parathyroid hormone?

Which cells secrete the hormone insulin?

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?

What is the mechanism whereby one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete a hormone, which, in turn, causes the first endocrine gland to stop production of its hormone?

The more ____________________ a cell has, the more sensitive it will be to a hormone.

The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete the hormone ____________________.

The principal mineralocorticoid is ____________________.

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone may result in which disorder?

Steroid hormones

What effect do glucagon, catecholamines, and glucocorticoids have in common?

The adrenal cortex consists of ____________________ tissue; these cells secrete different types of ____________________.

Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex correct?

Calcitonin exerts its effect on which organ?

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?

What occurs between meals when blood sugar levels decline?

Orientation to the Human Body

Chemistry of Life

Cells

Tissues

Integumentary System

Bones Bone Tissue

Skeletal System

Joints

Muscular System

Nervous System

Sense Organs

Blood

Heart

Vascular System

Lymphatic Immune Systems

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Balance

Digestive System

Nutrition Metabolism

Human Microbiome

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy Human Development

Heredity

Filters

The adrenal cortex consists of tissue; these cells secrete different types of .