Deck 15: Close Relationships

Question 1

Which of the following types of person is best able to quickly recover from a relationship breakup?

A) an anxiously attached person
B) a person with low self-esteem
C) a securely attached person
D) a person who is high in interdependence

Answer 1

a securely attached person

Question 2

Which of the following theories focuses on the potential for close relationships to help reduce anxiety about death?

A) attachment theory
B) terror management theory
C) self-expansion model of relationships
D) death anxiety theory

Answer 2

terror management theory

Question 3

Chris is a toddler who becomes upset when his mother leaves and has a difficult time calming down when she returns. Which type of attachment style does Chris have?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Answer 3

anxious-ambivalent

Question 4

Interdependence reflects a situation in which:

A) a person believes he or she has a relationship with someone in the media.
B) what each person does significantly influences what his or her partner does over long periods of time.
C) a secure attachment style leads to high relationship trust.
D) people experience passionate love.

Question 5

Shannon knows that her marriage has problems but she does not want to think about or talk about them. According to the EVLN model, Shannon is employing the strategy of:

A) exit.
B) voice.
C) neglect.
D) loyalty.

Question 6

According to __________, when approaching relationships we should always be looking to maximize benefits for ourselves.

A) attachment theory
B) terror management theory
C) social exchange theory
D) the economic model of close relationships

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the critical factors proposed by interdependence theory?

A) satisfaction
B) investments
C) perceived alternatives
D) trustworthiness

Question 8

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, love that consists solely of commitment is ________.

A) infatuation
B) liking
C) compassionate love
D) empty love

Question 9

Joe knows that he is an average-looking man and so does not expect to end up with an extremely attractive woman. Joe's expectation about the attractiveness of his future mate supports the idea of:

A) realistic expectations theory.
B) the matching phenomenon.
C) terror management.
D) social exchange theory.

Question 10

In which of the following countries are arranged marriages common?

A) Japan
B) France
C) Pakistan
D) Australia

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships?

A) intimacy
B) passion
C) trust
D) commitment

Question 12

According to the self-expansion model of relationships, romantic relationships serve the:

A) desire to expand the self and grow.
B) goal of connecting us to a more expansive social network.
C) function of reducing anxiety about death.
D) function of reducing loneliness.

Question 13

For second marriages, divorce rates in the United States are around _____%.

A) 50
B) 40
C) 65
D) 90

Question 14

According to the EVLN model, _______ is an active way of managing conflict and ______ is a passive way of managing conflict.

A) exit; voice
B) neglect; loyalty
C) exit; neglect
D) neglect; voice

Question 15

According to the current perspective on attachment style, attachment can be measured along ______ dimensions.

A) five
B) four
C) three
D) two

Question 16

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, romantic love is characterized by _____ and ______.

A) intimacy; commitment
B) intimacy; passion
C) passion; commitment
D) trust; passion

Question 17

A parasocial relationship is when somebody:

A) feels like he or she has a relationship with someone in the media.
B) tries to communicate with the dead.
C) has a long-distance relationship.
D) has an interdependent relationship with another.

Question 18

The vulnerability stress adaptation model proposes that ____________ and _________ lead to marital dissolution.

A) enduring vulnerabilities; external stressors
B) internal stressors; immediate vulnerabilities
C) stress; anxiety
D) stress; perceived alternatives

Question 19

Zack and Miranda see themselves more as a couple than as individuals. They are high in:

A) parasocial relationship.
B) mutuality.
C) anxious-ambivalent attachment.
D) attachment.

Question 20

According to research by Gottman, what type of couple argues about everything?

A) volatile
B) conflict-avoiding
C) stable
D) aggressive

Question 21

Describe the two passive strategies of managing conflict proposed by the EVLN. Give an example of each strategy.

Question 22

Describe the concept of parasocial relationships and what distinguishes them from normal relationships.

Question 23

Describe the two dimensions of the EVLN model that combine to determine how people respond to managing relationship conflict.

Question 24

Describe the difference between romantic love and companionate love according to Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships.

Question 25

Contrast equity theory with the social exchange model. Use an example to contrast the two models.

Question 26

What is the social exchange model? Give one example of how this model might work in a relationship.

Question 27

According to the vulnerability stress adaptation model, when does a relationship dissolve?

Question 28

What is the self-expansion model of relationships?

Question 29

Do people tend to be attracted to similar or different others? Explain.

Question 30

Briefly describe how experiences as children influence adult relationships according to attachment theory.

Question 31

What is interdependence theory? Give an example of each of the three factors in this theory.

Question 32

How does the two factor theory describe love? Explain how the Dutton and Aron Study (1974) supports this theory.

Question 33

Imagine a friend asks you what to expect as her romantic relationship transitions from casual dating to more serious involvement. Based on theory and research, what would you tell her?

Question 34

How can people keep the passion alive in their relationships over time?

Question 35

What are positive illusions and how do they impact a relationship?

Question 36

Describe the two active strategies for managing conflict proposed by the EVLN. Give an example of each strategy.

Question 37

Describe the characteristic that describes the happiest couples. What can a couple do to maintain a happy state.

Question 38

Describe the two dimensions of attachment and how they determine attachment style.

Question 39

According to the research, what are the two points in which marital satisfaction declines the most and why?

Question 40

What are the three main facets of love according to Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships? What kind of love exists when you have all three facets?

Question 41

In early research on attachment style involving the strange situation, about ___% of children displayed a secure attachment style.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 80
D) 60

Question 42

The scholar Zick Rubin developed a scale to distinguish _______ from _________.

A) attachment; love
B) interdependence; trust
C) liking; attachment
D) liking; love

Question 43

Cross-cultural research found that, compared to Americans, the Chinese were more likely to incorporate ________ and ________ as part of the love experience.

A) suffering; sadness
B) joy; passion
C) happiness; anger
D) regret; sadness

Question 44

When two people in a relationship see themselves as "us" instead of "me" and "you," they have a high degree of:

A) parasocial relationship.
B) mutuality.
C) anxious-ambivalent attachment.
D) attachment.

Question 45

Research suggests that bringing to mind a favorite television program:

A) makes people feel lonely.
B) buffers people from feeling rejected when their real relationships are threatened.
C) increases negative feelings towards others.
D) has no influence on how people feel after rejection.

Question 46

A child who has a difficult time calming down when her or his mother returns likely has which attachment style?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 47

_____________ reflects a situation in which what each person does significantly influences what the partner does over long periods of time.

A) Mutuality
B) Interdependence
C) Commitment
D) Parasocial relationship

Question 48

_____________ is partners' investment of time, effort, and resources in their relationship with the expectation that it will continue indefinitely.

A) Mutuality
B) Interdependence
C) Commitment
D) Parasocial relationship

Question 49

There is an increased activation of the dopamine-rich ventral tegmental area and the caudate nucleus when people in love:

A) become jealous.
B) are rejected.
C) think about their beloved.
D) fall out of love.

Question 50

A child who feels comfortable exploring the environment when her or his mother is present and is upset when the mother leaves but easily calmed upon her return likely has which attachment style?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the six components of closeness:

A) reciprocity.
B) caring.
C) knowledge.
D) trust.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of closeness typically found in parasocial relationships:

A) knowledge.
B) caring.
C) commitment.
D) interdependence.

Question 53

Relationships that include all _____ of the components of closeness are the most satisfying.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 54

_________________ is partners' acknowledgment that their lives are intertwined and that they think of themselves as a couple instead of as two separate individuals.

A) Mutuality
B) Interdependence
C) Commitment
D) Parasocial relationship

Question 55

Attachment theory posits that the prototypic experience of love is:

A) the result of cultural customs about romantic relationships.
B) the young child's bond with the primary caretaker.
C) a person's desire to be in a romantic relationship.
D) established by one's first romantic relationship.

Question 56

In early research on attachment style involving the strange situation, about ___% of children displayed an insecure attachment style.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 80
D) 60

Question 57

Studies show that when people are asked to name the person they feel closest to, the most common answer is:

A) their best friend.
B) their siblings.
C) their romantic partner.
D) their parents.

Question 58

Rhonda feels like she has a close relationship with her favorite movie star. This is an example of:

A) an interdependent relationship.
B) insecure attachment.
C) a parasocial relationship.
D) a dysfunctional relationship.

Question 59

In many parts of ______ and _____ marriages are arranged.

A) Germany; Poland
B) Japan; China
C) India; Pakistan
D) Canada; England

Question 60

_________________ is individuals' relationships with people in the media: celebrities, television characters, and athletes.

A) Mutuality
B) Interdependence
C) Commitment
D) Parasocial relationship

Question 61

________________ is the idea that romantic relationships serve the desire to expand the self and grow.

A) Terror management theory
B) Attachment theory
C) Secure attachment
D) Self-expansion model of relationships

Question 62

_____________ describes an attachment style characterized by a positive view of the self and others, low anxiety and avoidance, and satisfying stable relationships.

A) Securely attached
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Fearfully avoidant
D) Dismissive avoidant

Question 63

_____________ describes an attachment style characterized by a negative view of the self but a positive view of others, high anxiety and low avoidance, and intense but unstable relationships.

A) Securely attached
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Fearfully avoidant
D) Dismissive avoidant

Question 64

Attachment theorists argue that childhood experiences with primary caregivers result in:

A) working models of relationships.
B) parasocial relationships.
C) love.
D) social connectedness.

Question 65

Studies found that reminders of mortality:

A) increased people's fear of relationships.
B) increased people's desire for offspring.
C) decreased people's fear of relationships.
D) decreased people's desire for offspring.

Question 66

According to terror management theory, close relationships help reduce:

A) anxiety about death.
B) fear of rejection.
C) feelings of uncertainty.
D) the need for self-esteem.

Question 67

A child who is not at that distressed when her or his mother leaves likely has which attachment style?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 68

As a child, Jacob became upset anytime his mother would leave but was always easily calmed down when she returned. Which type of attachment style did Jacob have?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 69

Research found that thinking about a current romantic partner reduces the need for defensiveness after a reminder of death, but only for people who are:

A) high in self-esteem.
B) low in self-esteem.
C) securely attached.
D) insecurely attached.

Question 70

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love, ____________ is characterized by high levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment.

A) romantic love
B) fatuous love
C) consummate love
D) compassionate love

Question 71

__________________ are global feelings about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.

A) Attachment styles
B) Working models of relationships
C) Romantic schemas
D) Relational self-esteem

Question 72

___________________ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of both self and others, high anxiety and avoidance, and distant relationships, in which the person doesn't feel worthy, doesn't trust others, and fears rejection.

A) Securely attached
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Fearfully avoidant
D) Dismissive avoidant

Question 73

The Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale was designed to assess the extent to which people:

A) incorporate their partners partly into the self.
B) desire to form lasting relationships with others.
C) perceive others as important for one's own self-esteem.
D) have strong social connections.

Question 74

An adult romantic relationship is most successful and satisfying if:

A) one person has a secure attachment style and one person has a dismissive avoidant attachment style.
B) both members of a couple have a secure attachment style.
C) both members of a couple have an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.
D) one person has a fearfully avoidant attachment style and one person has a dismissive avoidant attachment style.

Question 75

__________________ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of both self and others, high anxiety and avoidance, and distant relationships.

A) Securely attached
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Fearfully avoidant
D) Dismissive avoidant

Question 76

As a child, Ellie was generally disinterested in her mother. She was never that bothered when she left and did not seek her out when she returned. Which type of attachment style did Ellie have?

A) distressed
B) secure
C) anxious-ambivalent
D) avoidant

Question 77

Research by Campos and colleagues (1983) found that among American samples, ____% of infants had avoidant attachment styles.

A) 62
B) 23
C) 15
D) 10

Question 78

Research suggests that generally there is:

A) very little stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood.
B) little evidence to support attachment theory.
C) considerable stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood.
D) a considerable amount of evidence suggesting that attachment style does not predict relationship success in adulthood.

Question 79

The components of Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships are:

A) intimacy, trust, and passion.
B) passion, attachment, and intimacy.
C) intimacy, passion, and commitment.
D) commitment, trust, and passion.

Question 80

Over the years, researchers have specified _________ dimensions of attachment.

A) five
B) four
C) three
D) two