Deck 6: Socialization Over the Life Course

Question 1

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The process of personal change from infancy to late adulthood resulting from personal and societal events and from transitions into and out of social roles.

Answer 1

I

Question 2

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ An aspect of life-course sociology referring to how historic events affect development for different birth cohorts.

Answer 2

S

Question 3

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The second stage of self-development in which children begin to use language to make-believe as they play others' roles.

Answer 3

L

Question 4

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A group of people born around the same time period.

Question 5

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Individuals or groups most influential in the process of teaching children the norms and values of a particular culture.

Question 6

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Any events that cause significant changes in the course of our lives.

Question 7

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The process of change from infancy to late adulthood resulting from personal and societal events and from transitions into and out of social roles.

Question 8

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ An aspect of life-course sociology referring to our relationships with other people.

Question 9

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Smaller circles of friends that are less hierarchical.

Question 10

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Learning expectations about how to behave related to one's gender.

Question 11

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A feeling that minority members of a group feel because they are different from the majority members.

Question 12

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ An aspect of life-course sociology referring to our ability to make decisions and control our destiny.

Question 13

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A stable set of activities or routines, artifacts, values, and concerns that kids produce and share in interaction with each other.

Question 14

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The attitudes of the whole community.

Question 15

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Learning about one's ethnic and racial identity in a given culture.

Question 16

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ When children develop according to expectations of a group or society.

Question 17

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The third stage of self-development in which children are capable of managing several different roles.

Question 18

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ How the self relies on imagined responses of others in its development.

Question 19

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The first stage of self-development in which children simply mimic the attitudes and behaviors of their parents and caretakers.

Question 20

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Children with an active social life and with the largest number of friends.

Question 21

A little boy playing on a baseball team is probably in which stage of development, using Mead's typology?

A) preparatory stage
B) play stage
C) game stage
D) toy stage

Question 22

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ In status characteristics theory, beliefs held in common by people about the usual relationships between particular status characteristics and reward levels.

Question 23

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ When the "normal trajectory" of our lives is altered by a life event or role change.

Question 24

Sampson and Laub's research on the impact of World War II (WWII) on men's lives generally showed that __________.

A) WWII served as a turning point for all American soldiers
B) IQ was the biggest factor in finding work after the war
C) WWII had an impact on soldiers only if they served overseas
D) most of the positive effects of war on the lives of soldiers came through their experience overseas, through in-service training, and through access to programs like the GI Bill.

Question 25

Sammy is using dolls to represent people in a dollhouse. Based on Mead's theory of child development, at which stage of development is Sammy?

A) preparatory stage
B) play stage
C) game stage
D) toy stage

Question 26

Research in early childhood interactions generally shows that __________ are incapable of symbolic interaction.

A) teens
B) adults
C) seniors
D) babies

Question 27

Which of the following examples best represents a "turning point" in someone's life from a life-course perspective?

A) a man who breaks his arm during a fight
B) a woman who loses an important tennis match
C) a man who delays getting married for a decade due to a family tragedy
D) a woman who loses her first job out of college due to poor performance

Question 28

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ An aspect of life-course sociology referring to incidence, duration, and sequence of roles and to the relevant expectations and beliefs based on age.

Question 29

Ausdale and Feagin's research on children learning racism is important because it shows __________.

A) how children are unable to use race as a way to differentiate between peers
B) that children apply adult biases and racism in their day-to-day interactions
C) that children use their own race as a way to gain acceptance by teachers
D) how children are unable to differentiate between different racial groups until late childhood

Question 30

Which social psychologist is associated with the looking-glass self?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Michel Foucault
C) Georg Simmel
D) Charles Horton Cooley

Question 31

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ The process by which individuals acquire thoughts, feelings, and behaviors "appropriate" to their positions in society.

Question 32

Life-course sociology clearly shows that individuals have the ability to make decisions about the trajectories of their lives, albeit within a limited set of options. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

A) linked lives
B) social timing
C) human agency
D) life stages

Question 33

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ A system of knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and customs shared by an interacting group to which members refer and employ as a basis of further interaction.

Question 34

Tony and Rose both received word that they were called up for active duty in the military out of the reserve component of the armed forces. Tony is several years older than Rose and has a wife and child. Rose is just finishing college. Which dimension of life-course sociology best explains why Tony is likely to be more affected by the mobilization than Rose?

A) historical context
B) social timing
C) linked lives
D) agency

Question 35

Elder's study of the Great Depression generally showed that __________.

A) all children were negatively affected by growing up in the Great Depression
B) only children growing up in poverty were affected by the Great Depression
C) the Great Depression had the strongest impact on children's lives by changing family roles
D) no children were negatively affected by growing up in the Great Depression

Question 36

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Children that have trouble establishing any relationships with those in other cliques.

Question 37

What role does children's culture play in the maintenance of society?

A) Children develop an independent culture than is not reflective of accepted social practices.
B) Children mold specific roles to meet the needs of their peer groups.
C) Children's improvisations reinforce the unchanging nature of culture over time.
D) Children exactly mimic adult culture as a means of learning norms.

Question 38

Which of the following is considered a primary agent of socialization?

A) work
B) peers
C) religion
D) government

Question 39

Given research and theory in life-course sociology, which group was most likely to be negatively affected by Hurricane Katrina?

A) a poor white family who survived the storm together
B) a poor African American family who survived the storm together
C) middle-class white men who lost their incomes and had no access to family or friends during the storm
D) a middle-class African American family who survived the storm together

Question 40

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.

____ Children that want to be popular but do not quite get accepted into this group.

Question 41

Race, class, and gender are __________.

A) important elements of socialization
B) not important to socialization
C) important only to the socialization of children
D) important only to the socialization of adults

Question 42

What is the first agent of socialization?

A) the media
B) the peer group
C) the family
D) the educational system

Question 43

Studies have shown that factors such as economic resources and status can dramatically affect the outcomes of children of divorced parents. Which of the following social characteristics is most likely to impact access to resources?

A) class difference
B) gender difference
C) age of parents
D) sexuality of parents

Question 44

Review how children's culture relates to adult culture. First, discuss the three ways that children adapt adult culture in their own routines. Second, apply this knowledge to explain the maintenance of racism or sexism in the world today.

Question 45

Correll's research found that gender segregation in the workforce is largely due to which of the following factors?

A) women's desire for more flexible jobs
B) women's career choices being constrained by culture
C) women's performance on contrast sensitivity tests
D) women's gender segregation preferences

Question 46

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Seanne had always wanted to be a nurse. As soon as she finished college, she signed up for community college courses in the field. However, within two months of starting school, Seanne became pregnant. She still wants to be a nurse but decided to stop going to school full-time to focus on her role as a mother. Her stepmother, a nurse, tries to encourage her not to give up her dream of nursing and tries to help out with childcare so that Seanne can reach her professional goals.
In what part of the life-course paradigm does Seanne's stepmother fit?

A) linked lives
B) turning point
C) historical context
D) agency

Question 47

Group processes research is important to the study of socialization in what way?

A) It shows the importance of peer-group interactions in the socialization processes.
B) It shows the importance of family interactions.
C) It shows the importance of the media.
D) It emphasizes the impact of socialization in group settings.

Question 48

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Seanne had always wanted to be a nurse. As soon as she finished college, she signed up for community college courses in the field. However, within two months of starting school, Seanne became pregnant. She still wants to be a nurse but decided to stop going to school full-time to focus on her role as a mother. Her stepmother, a nurse, tries to encourage her not to give up her dream of nursing and tries to help out with childcare so that Seanne can reach her professional goals.
What life-course term best describes the role of Seanne's pregnancy

A) linked lives
B) turning point
C) historical context
D) agency

Question 49

From the sociological point of view, Mead viewed play and games as important to children's social development because games __________.

A) give children practice and agility
B) increase children's motor skills
C) help develop children's mental toughness
D) allow children to learn and practice taking on the roles of others

Question 50

Several studies have shown that there is a correlation between watching __________ and __________.

A) violent television; aggressive behavior
B) violent television; violent crime
C) nonviolent television; stereotyping D0 racist television; violent behavior

Question 51

The fact that expectations can influence student intellectual development in the classroom is called __________.

A) educational socialization
B) the Pygmalion effect
C) stereotyping
D) total impact

Question 52

Research on class socialization generally shows that middle-class families tend to stress __________, whereas working-class families emphasize __________ in raising their children.

A) autonomy; conformity
B) conformity; freedom
C) freedom; independence
D) conformity; autonomy

Question 53

What percentage of children in the United States lives with a stay-at-home parent?

A) one-half
B) one-third
C) one-quarter
D) one-fifth

Question 54

According to status characteristics theory, how do people assess a person's ability in a group context using his or her status in society?

A) prejudice levels
B) referential beliefs
C) values
D) cultural indicators

Question 55

Socialization is a process that __________.

A) begins around two years of age
B) lasts until the young twenties
C) begins at birth and continues through the life cycle
D) begins in late childhood

Question 56

Which of the following statements about women in African American families is true, according to Clay?

A) They are of lower-than-average family size.
B) They are likely to be in less cohesive families than whites.
C) They are likely to be in more cohesive families than whites.
D) They are likely to be in higher conflict families than whites.

Question 57

Rosenthal and Jacobson's study of classroom interaction is important because it showed that __________.

A) children are taught to be racist in the classroom
B) IQ scores could be manipulated based on a group prejudice
C) children's IQ scores were not linked to race
D) racist beliefs and values exist in every classroom

Question 58

How is socialization studied from the group processes perspective? Be specific regarding race and class in group contexts.

Question 59

Which group is most prevalent in American schools, based on Adler and Adler's research on peer culture?

A) the popular cliques
B) the wannabes
C) middle friendship circles
D) social isolates

Question 60

Katie likes to pretend that she is a superhero. When her mother stops her from "flying" off of the sofa, she gets frustrated. Katie is probably in what stage of cognitive development?

A) preparatory stage
B) play stage C: pretend stage
D) game stage

Question 61

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
Seanne had always wanted to be a nurse. As soon as she finished college, she signed up for community college courses in the field. However, within two months of starting school, Seanne became pregnant. She still wants to be a nurse but decided to stop going to school full-time to focus on her role as a mother. Her stepmother, a nurse, tries to encourage her not to give up her dream of nursing and tries to help out with childcare so that Seanne can reach her professional goals.
Seanne's decision to stop going to school to take care of her child represents which aspect of life-course sociology?

A) timing
B) turning point
C) historical context
D) agency