Deck 15: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Content theories concern the thought processes that influence behavior.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear. Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Three categories of motivation theories are content theories, process theories, and reinforcement theories.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Extrinsic rewards is the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 5

Herzberg's two-factor theory divides work-related needs into two categories: hygiene factors and reward factors.

Question 6

Hygiene factors are the same as satisfiers and are based on fulfillment of higher level needs including responsibility.

Question 7

Hygiene factors are the same as dissatisfiers and include company policies and procedures.

Question 8

Two types of rewards are monetary and non-monetary.

Question 9

The highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of need theory is the need for growth and self-expression.

Question 10

Factors that influence job satisfaction based on fulfillment of high-level needs such as achievement, recognition, and opportunity for growth are called motivators.

Question 11

External and relatedness are the first two groups of needs in Aldefer's ERG theory.

Question 12

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need was put forth by Maslow.

Question 13

Esteem needs are those needs that relate to the desire for a positive self-image and to receive attention, recognition, and appreciation from others.

Question 14

Many companies are finding that creating a humane work environment that allows people to achieve a balance between work and personal life is also a great high-level motivator.

Question 15

Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Question 16

The arousal, direction and persistence of behavior refers to motivation.

Question 17

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, food, water, and freedom from violence are examples of physiological needs.

Question 18

Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs, which are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat, air, and base salary.

Question 19

Process theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 20

Rewards given by another person are intrinsic rewards.

Question 21

Valence is the perceived value of a reward or outcome.

Question 22

The administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior is positive reinforcement.

Question 23

A need for affiliation is the desire to accomplish something difficult, attain a high standard of success, master complex tasks, and surpass others.

Question 24

The expectancy theory of motivation is similar to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership in that both emphasize subordinates needs and goals.

Question 25

The imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee is avoidance learning.

Question 26

Goal acceptance, in goal-setting theory, means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

Question 27

The equity theory, by J. Stacy Adams, states that equity exists when the ratio of outcomes to inputs for one person is equal to the same ratio for another person.

Question 28

According to expectancy theory, for an employee to be highly motivated, E-P expectancy and valence must be maximized.

Question 29

The equity theory focuses on individual's perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others.

Question 30

The equality theory is a process theory that focuses on individuals' perception of how fairly they are treated in comparison to other people.

Question 31

Expectancy theory is based on the relationship among the individual's effort and performance and not on the desirability of outcomes.

Question 32

Motivation increases, according to the expectancy theory, when the worker believes that the successful performance will result by putting effort into a given task. This is called E-P expectancy.

Question 33

The expectancy theory is a motivation theory based on the relationship between a given behavior and its consequences.

Question 34

A need for power, a need for accomplishment and a need for superior power is proposed by David McClelland's acquired needs theory.

Question 35

Goal-setting theory proposes that managers can increase motivation by setting specific, challenging goals that are accepted as valid by subordinates, then helping people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing timely feedback.

Question 36

A high need for power often is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

Question 37

The group of theories that explain how employees meet their needs and determine their success are called process theories.

Question 38

Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated, as stated in the Law of Effect.

Question 39

Goal specificity, in goal-setting theory, refers to the difficulty level of goals.

Question 40

The expectancy theory attempts to define specific types of needs or rewards to establish that they exist and may be similar to other individuals.

Question 41

The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experiencing meaningfulness of work.

Question 42

According to MANAGER'S SHOPTALK in Chapter 15, Marshall Industries did away with all bonuses, commission, vacations and other awards and rewards. Salespeople were paid a base salary and given profit sharing. As a result, productivity at the organization tripled.

Question 43

Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

Question 44

Extinction is defined as the withdrawal of positive reward.

Question 45

Job enlargement is a job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work.

Question 46

Engaged employees are controlled and coerced in the workplace until they grown into contributable employees.

Question 47

Empowering employees means giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely to accomplish their jobs: information, knowledge, power, and rewards.

Question 48

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

Question 49

Punishment increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated.

Question 50

Job simplification is based on principles drawn from scientific management and industrial engineering.

Question 51

Job enlargement combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job.

Question 52

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having an impact on the company or customers refers to task significance.

Question 53

The altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity is called reorganization.

Question 54

Punishment is the imposition of an unpleasant outcome following undesirable behavior.

Question 55

A recent study indicates that the link between intrinsic characteristics and job motivation and satisfaction is stronger in economically disadvantaged countries and high power distance countries.

Question 56

Gain sharing rewards employees with a one-time cash payment based on performance.

Question 57

According to MANAGER'S SHOPTALK in Chapter 15, a criticism of carrot-and-stick approaches is that extrinsic rewards assume people are driven by higher-level needs.

Question 58

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 59

The application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction refers to job simplification.

Question 60

Skill variety, task identity, and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

Question 61

Which of the following are high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth?

A) Hygiene factors
B) Extrinsic factors
C) Motivators
D) Dissatisfiers
E) All of these

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

A) Safety needs
B) Compensation needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Esteem needs
E) Self-actualization needs

Question 63

Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?

A) Reinforcement theory
B) Process theory
C) Situational theory
D) Hierarchy of needs theory
E) Contingency theory

Question 64

The majority of hourly workers at Formatting Unlimited are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. What would Herzberg recommend if your goal were to increase their level of satisfaction?

A) Increase the level of hygiene factors
B) Increase the level of motivators
C) Decrease the level of motivators
D) Decrease the level of hygiene factors
E) None of these

Question 65

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

A) Process
B) Reinforcement
C) Content
D) Contingency
E) Situational

Question 66

____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.

A) An employee's feelings of self-worth
B) A pat on the back from your boss
C) A pay raise
D) A promotion
E) A bonus

Question 67

The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships, describes

A) a need for affiliation.
B) a need for power.
C) a need for achievement.
D) a need for authority.
E) all of these.

Question 68

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. Alderfer would say she is motivated by

A) growth needs.
B) existence needs.
C) relatedness needs.
D) self-actualization needs.
E) physiological needs.

Question 69

____ has the greatest impact, according to Herzberg, on job satisfaction.

A) Hygiene factors
B) Reinforcers
C) Motivators
D) Dissatisfiers
E) All of these

Question 70

The frustration-regression principle is most closely related with

A) Maslow.
B) Herzberg.
C) McClelland.
D) Alderfer.
E) Adam.

Question 71

____ describes the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen.

A) Self-actualization needs
B) Physiological needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Belongingness needs
E) Safety needs

Question 72

According to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor.

A) achievement
B) recognition
C) pay
D) responsibility
E) opportunity for growth

Question 73

Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?

A) Self-actualization needs
B) Physiological needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Belongingness needs
E) Safety needs

Question 74

According to Maslow, the highest order needs are

A) self-actualization needs.
B) physiological needs.
C) esteem needs.
D) belongingness needs.
E) safety needs.

Question 75

____ refers to a reward given by another person.

A) An intrinsic reward
B) An internal reward
C) An extrinsic reward
D) A valued reward
E) A charity

Question 76

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by

A) extrinsic rewards.
B) intrinsic rewards.
C) variable rewards.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 77

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?

A) Physiological
B) Safety
C) Belongingness
D) Esteem
E) Self-actualization

Question 78

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as ____ needs.

A) physiological
B) existence
C) belongingness
D) relatedness
E) growth

Question 79

____ focus on employee learning of desired work behaviors.

A) Contingency theories
B) Situational theories
C) Content theories
D) Process theories
E) Reinforcement theories

Question 80

Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?

A) Commitment
B) Motivation
C) Satisfaction
D) Rewarding behavior
E) Behavior modification