Deck 32: Overview of the Urinary System

Question 1

In which part of the nephron is the majority of water passively taken up to equilibrate medullary interstitial osmolality?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Descending loop of Henle
C) Ascending loop of Henle
D) Distal tubule

Answer 1

Descending loop of Henle

Question 2

The nurse is working with a client who is dehydrated.The nurse expects to see an increase in the results of which renal laboratory test?

A) Creatinine clearance
B) Serum creatinine
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Urine culture and sensitivity

Answer 2

Blood urea nitrogen

Question 3

The urine of a client with diabetes mellitus does not have glucose spilling into the urine.The nurse understands that this is occurring because the blood or serum glucose level has not exceeded the

A) glomerular filtration rate.
B) threshold concentration.
C) tubular transport maximum.
D) optimal tubular secretion.

Answer 3

threshold concentration.

Question 4

Which of the following is a popular screening test for a variety of conditions because it can be tested with dipsticks?

A) Creatinine clearance
B) Serum creatinine
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Urinalysis

Question 5

In which part of the nephron does a majority of the substances secreted also get reabsorbed?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal tubule
D) Collecting duct

Question 6

The glomerular filtration rate of an adult is approximately

A) 60 mL/min.
B) 80 mL/min.
C) 100 mL/min.
D) 125 mL/min.

Question 7

The nurse can expect an average adult client to feel the urge to avoid when approximately how many milliliters of urine collect in the bladder?

A) 150
B) 250
C) 400
D) 600

Question 8

Tubular reabsorption refers to

A) active transport of ions into the extracellular fluid.
B) the passage of plasma proteins into the glomerular fluid.
C) the reabsorption of weak acids and bases by diffusion.
D) active diffusion of sodium and potassium into epithelium.

Question 9

The nurse expects to see which of the following outcomes in a client because of increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A) Increased urine output,increased urine concentration
B) Increased urine output,decreased urine concentration
C) Decreased urine output,increased urine concentration
D) Decreased urine output,decreased urine concentration

Question 10

At what site do sodium and bicarbonate reabsorb in the newborn?

A) The glomerulus
B) The proximal tubule
C) The distal tubule
D) The collecting duct

Question 11

The nurse recalls that in which portion of the nephron does "free water" production occur?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Descending loop of Henle
C) Ascending loop of Henle
D) Distal tubule

Question 12

The nurse would review the results of which of the following laboratory studies as an inexpensive reliable indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A) Creatinine clearance
B) Serum creatinine
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Urinalysis

Question 13

The nurse would need to obtain a 24-hour urine specimen to complete which of the following renal studies?

A) Creatinine clearance
B) Serum creatinine
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Urinalysis

Question 14

The hormone aldosterone exerts its effect primarily in which of the following segments of the nephron?

A) Proximal tubule
B) Descending loop of Henle
C) Ascending loop of Henle
D) Distal tubule

Question 15

Blood flow to the adult kidney is approximately

A) 5% to 10% of cardiac output.
B) 10% to 15% of cardiac output.
C) 20% to 25% of cardiac output.
D) 30% to 35% of cardiac output.

Question 16

Which portion of the loop of Henle not responsive to hormones?

A) The proximal portion
B) The ascending limb
C) The descending limb
D) The collecting duct

Question 17

When a proximal tubular cell is transporting across its membrane the greatest possible amount of a substance,the cell has reached its

A) osmotic gradient.
B) electromagnetic gradient.
C) tubular transport maximum.
D) optimal tubular secretion.

Question 18

A majority of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the

A) loop of Henle.
B) proximal tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) descending tubule.