Deck 16: Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

In which organ do stem cells transform into T cells?

A) The bursa cells
B) The liver
C) The spleen
D) The thymus gland

Answer 1

The thymus gland

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of complement?

A) The complement cascade can be stimulated by antibodies.
B) Complement proteins bore holes in foreign cells.
C) Complement is only triggered by innate, nonspecific mechanisms.
D) All of the above are true of complement.

Answer 2

Complement is only triggered by innate, nonspecific mechanisms.

Question 3

Poison ivy reactions are an example of a(n) _____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) allergic
D) phagocytic

Answer 3

allergic

Question 4

The antibodies passed from the mother to the fetus protect the fetus for several weeks after birth. This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 5

Which of the following is not part of nonspecific immunity?

A) Tears
B) Plasma cells
C) Phagocytic white blood cells
D) The mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

Question 6

If you have had the chicken pox once, you will not get chicken pox again. This is an example of __________ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 7

Which of the following is not a characteristic that veins in the circulatory system and veins in the lymphatic system share?

A) Both carry fluid toward the heart.
B) Both have one-way valves.
C) Both drain into the thoracic duct.
D) All of the above are true of both veins of the circulatory system and veins of the lymphatic system.

Question 8

After birth, B cells transform from stem cells to immature B cells in

A) bursa cells.
B) memory cells.
C) bone marrow.
D) thymus gland.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of antibodies?

A) They are specific to an antigen.
B) They release histamine to assist in the inflammation process.
C) They stimulate the complement cascade.
D) All of the above are true of antibodies.

Question 10

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a(n) _____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) T cell-mediated
D) B cell-mediated

Question 11

Which cells develop into macrophages after they move out of the circulatory system and into the tissues?

A) Neutrophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Plasma cells
D) Monocytes

Question 12

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A) Pharyngeal tonsils
B) Spleen
C) Palatine tonsils
D) Thymus

Question 13

The condition in which tissues swell due to the accumulation of lymph is called

A) lymphadenitis.
B) lymphedema.
C) lymphoma.
D) Hodgkin disease.

Question 14

Once exposed to an antigen, B lymphocytes develop into antibody-producing cells called _________ cells.

A) plasma
B) memory
C) bursa
D) Kupffer

Question 15

Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ?

A) Pharyngeal tonsils
B) Spleen
C) Palatine tonsils
D) Thymus

Question 16

Blood capillaries and lymph capillaries have all the following in common except

A) they are microscopic.
B) the fluid in them continues to recirculate through the same vessels.
C) they are made of endothelial tissue.
D) All of the above are true of both blood capillaries and lymph capillaries.

Question 17

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it, you may receive antibodies from another person. This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 18

Which structures are also referred to as adenoids?

A) Pharyngeal tonsils
B) Lingual tonsils
C) Palatine tonsils
D) None of the above structures are referred to as adenoids.

Question 19

Which of the following does not help return lymph to the blood vessels?

A) Lacteals
B) Cisterna chyli
C) Thoracic duct
D) Right lymphatic duct

Question 20

Getting a flu shot to protect against the flu is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 21

HIV damages the immune system by invading _____ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) T
D) memory

Question 22

Both the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct empty into arteries in the neck region.

Question 23

Which of the following is not usually found in lymph?

A) Excess fluid
B) Protein molecules
C) Platelets
D) All of the above are found in lymph.

Question 24

In rare situations, a parasitic worm can cause lymphedema.

Question 25

Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?

A) The lymph node filters the lymph to remove bacteria.
B) There are more afferent vessels bringing lymph into the node than efferent vessels carrying lymph away from the node.
C) There are more efferent vessels carrying lymph away from the node than afferent vessels bringing lymph to the node.
D) Lymph passes through spaces called sinuses.

Question 26

Both lymph capillaries and blood capillaries are made of endothelium.

Question 27

The rejection of a transplanted organ is an example of a(n) _____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) T cell-mediated
D) B cell-mediated

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of antibodies?

A) They can neutralize toxins.
B) They must mature in the thymus gland.
C) They can stimulate the complement cascade.
D) They can agglutinate "enemy" cells.

Question 29

Both lymph capillaries and blood capillaries are made up of loose-fitting endothelium cells to allow material to move in and out easily.

Question 30

Efferent vessels deliver lymph to a lymph node where damaged cells and bacteria are removed.

Question 31

Interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic system is called lymph.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a characteristic sign of inflammation?

A) Heat
B) Redness
C) Swelling
D) All of the above are characteristic signs of inflammation.

Question 33

The inflammation of a lymph vessel is called

A) lymphangitis.
B) elephantiasis.
C) lymphedema.
D) cisterna chyli.

Question 34

The cisterna chyli is a storage area for lymph moving through the thoracic duct.

Question 35

The major function of the lymph node is to filter the lymph and remove damaged cells and bacteria.

Question 36

Which of the following is not considered an antigen-presenting cell?

A) Macrophages
B) Plasma cells
C) Dendritic cells
D) Neither B nor C is an antigen-presenting cell.

Question 37

The ultimate source of lymph is blood plasma.

Question 38

The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct each carry about 50% of the lymph to blood vessels.

Question 39

Lymphedema is an abnormal swelling of tissue due to an accumulation of lymph.

Question 40

The lacteals are special lymph capillaries found in the liver.

Question 41

Special clusters of lymph nodes in the intestine are called lacteals.

Question 42

The thymus is located in the chest and is important in the development of T cells after birth.

Question 43

Lymphomas are fairly common but typically benign tumors of the lymphatic system.

Question 44

The thymus is located in the neck and is important in the development of B cells after birth.

Question 45

The spleen is the largest of the lymphatic organs.

Question 46

Tears and the mucous membrane of the respiratory system can function as part of the body's nonspecific immune system.

Question 47

Because it is so extensive, the lymphatic system can promote the spread of cancer from one area of the body to another.

Question 48

There are three sets of tonsils: the palatine on each side of the throat, the lingual at the base of the tongue, and the pharyngeal near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity.

Question 49

A serious infection such as scarlet fever can cause the spleen to shrink, making it difficult for the body to fight off the infection.

Question 50

Two types of malignant lymphomas are Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Question 51

The thymus reaches its maximum size and function in late middle age.

Question 52

One of the functions of the lymph node is to trap and destroy cancer cells.

Question 53

Inflammation, tenderness, and swelling of a lymph node is called a lymphoma.

Question 54

The thymus can also be considered an endocrine gland because it releases the hormone thyroxine.

Question 55

The largest lymphatic organ is the thymus.

Question 56

The spleen acts as a reservoir for blood and salvages iron from the hemoglobin of worn-out red blood cells.

Question 57

Valves that promote fluid movement in one direction only are found in veins of the lymphatic system and veins of the circulatory system.

Question 58

A person cannot get Dutch elm disease because of an inherited immunity.

Question 59

Lymph in the efferent vessels is "cleaner" than the lymph in the afferent vessels.

Question 60

The palatine tonsils are also known as the adenoids.

Question 61

When antibodies "agglutinate" foreign cells, they combine with antigens on the surfaces of the threatening cells to form antigen-antibody complexes that are easier for macrophages to destroy.

Question 62

An antibody cannot stimulate the complement cascade unless it is attached to an antigen.

Question 63

The combining sites on an antibody are uniquely shaped convex regions.

Question 64

"Lifelong" immunity would most likely be natural or artificial active immunity.

Question 65

Once a B cell is transformed into a plasma cell, it can release as many as 50,000 antibodies an hour.

Question 66

Being protected from polio because of a polio vaccine is an example of artificial active immunity.

Question 67

A person who received an injection of antibodies made by another person would have artificial active immunity.

Question 68

The main difference between active and passive immunity is the source of antibodies.

Question 69

A person with a severe immune system deficiency would not be able to develop natural or artificial active immunity.

Question 70

B cells reach maturity in the thymus gland.

Question 71

Being immune from mumps because you had them as a child is an example of artificial active immunity.

Question 72

The primary function of macrophages and neutrophils is phagocytosis.

Question 73

A baby getting antibodies from mother's milk is an example of active artificial immunity.

Question 74

Both natural and artificial passive immunity require a functioning immune system.

Question 75

Antibodies fit a specific antigen because the shape of the antigen occupies a unique site on the antibody.

Question 76

Macrophages and dendritic cells are considered antigen-presenting cells.

Question 77

When a B cell comes into contact with an antigen, it develops into a plasma cell or a memory cell.

Question 78

Complement destroys foreign cells by poking holes in them and causing them to "bleed" to death.

Question 79

Antibodies and complement are protein molecules that are important in the immune system.

Question 80

Both natural and artificial active immunity require a functioning immune system.