Deck 12: Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

A) It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
B) It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
C) It is one of the few hormones that are regulated by a positive feedback loop.
D) It stimulates "milk letdown" in nursing mothers.

Answer 1

It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 2

Acromegaly is caused by

A) hypersecretion of ACTH.
B) hyposecretion of ACTH.
C) hypersecretion of growth hormone.
D) hyposecretion of growth hormone.

Answer 2

hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

A) It is located in the neck.
B) It is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
C) It produces thymosin.
D) It is important in the body's immune system.

Answer 3

It is located in the neck.

Question 4

ACTH

A) causes the ovaries to begin forming follicles.
B) stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone.
C) stimulates the release of adrenaline.
D) targets cells in the thyroid gland.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

A) The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B) All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C) Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D) Endocrine glands produce hormones.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is not true of prostaglandins?

A) They can also be called tissue hormones.
B) They function like nonsteroid hormones because they cause the production of cyclic AMP.
C) They function like steroid hormones because they stimulate protein synthesis.
D) They travel a much shorter distance than most hormones.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroid hormone?

A) It is carried through the blood to the target organ cell.
B) Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
C) It requires a second messenger.
D) All of the above are true of nonsteroid hormones.

Question 8

Dwarfism can be caused by

A) hypersecretion of ACTH.
B) hyposecretion of ACTH.
C) hypersecretion of growth hormone.
D) hyposecretion of growth hormone.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
B) Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
C) Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
D) Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

Question 10

Calcitonin

A) is released by the parathyroid glands.
B) prevents hypercalcemia.
C) increases the calcium level in the blood.
D) can cause Graves disease if it is hypersecreted.

Question 11

Thyroxine

A) has fewer iodine atoms than triiodothyronine.
B) stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
C) has more target cells than ADH.
D) All of the above are true of thyroxine.

Question 12

An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

A) lead to hyperthyroidism.
B) cause Graves disease.
C) cause exophthalmos.
D) cause a goiter.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of luteinizing hormone?

A) It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B) Its target organ cells are in the ovaries.
C) It stimulates ovulation.
D) All of the above are true of luteinizing hormone.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

A) It is located in the brain.
B) It produces melatonin.
C) It helps regulate the body's "biological clock."
D) All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

A) Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
B) It requires a second messenger.
C) It converts ATP into cyclic AMP.
D) All of the above are true of steroid hormones.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

A) It is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
B) It helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response.
C) It releases epinephrine.
D) All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

A) They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
B) They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
C) They increase the amount of glucose in the blood through gluconeogenesis.
D) They have an anti-allergy effect.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of parathyroid hormone?

A) It is made in the thyroid gland.
B) It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
C) It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
D) It stimulates the formation of bone.

Question 19

The hypothalamus

A) is composed of a glandular portion and a nerve portion.
B) produces ADH.
C) releases ADH.
D) is located in the sella turcica.

Question 20

Which of these is not a symptom of Cushing syndrome?

A) Moon face
B) Buffalo hump
C) Virilization in women
D) All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

Question 21

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Released by the posterior pituitary and increases water retention in the body

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 22

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Hormone-regulating system that tries to return the body to homeostasis

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 23

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Can be called a "tissue hormone"

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered a tropic hormone?

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 25

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Hormone that requires a second messenger

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 26

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Hypersecretion of this hormone causes acromegaly

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 27

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
An increase in the level of this hormone causes ovulation

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of the ovaries?

A) The ovarian follicle secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
B) The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
C) Each ovary contains two types of glandular structures.
D) All of the above are true of ovaries.

Question 29

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
A second messenger for some hormones

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 30

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Releases hormones into the interstitial fluid or the blood

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 31

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Made in the pineal gland and affects the biological clock

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 32

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Receptor site for this type of hormone is inside the nucleus of the cell

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 33

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Releases its products into ducts leading to the body surface or a body cavity

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 34

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

A) It is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
B) It secretes epinephrine.
C) It is the target organ for ACTH.
D) All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 35

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Hormone regulation that moves the body farther away from homeostasis

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 36

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Reduces the level of calcium in the blood

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 37

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Has a receptor for a specific hormone

A)Endocrine gland
B)Negative feedback
C)Target organ cell
D)Steroid hormone
E)Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of the pituitary gland?

A) It is composed of two endocrine glands.
B) Its posterior portion is called the adenohypophysis.
C) It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
D) All of the above are true of the pituitary gland.

Question 39

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Released by the adrenal cortex, increases the glucose level of the blood, and is an anti-inflammatory

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 40

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Plays an important role in the development and functioning of the immune system

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 41

Explain the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.

Question 42

What is a prostaglandin? How are prostaglandins different from hormones?

Question 43

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Released by the pancreatic islet cells and increases the level of glucose in the blood

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 44

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Released by the adrenal medulla and reinforces the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 45

List and explain the functions of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 46

Explain the functioning of a nonsteroid hormone.

Question 47

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Stimulates muscle contraction in the pregnant uterus and brings about labor

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 48

Explain the function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Explain what happens if there is a hypersecretion or a hyposecretion of these hormones.

Question 49

Explain the functioning of a steroid hormone. Why is a second messenger not necessary with steroid hormones?

Question 50

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
An example of a mineralocorticoid

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 51

If a person was working hard on a hot day and drank very little water, would the blood concentration of ADH be high or low? Explain your answer.

Question 52

Explain and give an example of a positive feedback regulation of a hormone.

Question 53

Explain and give an example of a negative feedback regulation of a hormone.

Question 54

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Thyroid hormone that contains three atoms of iodine

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 55

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Produced in the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 56

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Released by the pancreatic islets and causes a drop in the blood sugar level

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 57

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Begins the development of an egg in the ovary

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 58

Explain why the hypothalamus, a brain structure, is included in this chapter.

Question 59

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
Increases the level of calcium in the blood

A)Glucocorticoid
B)Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 60

Explain how calcitonin and parathyroid hormone work together to regulate blood calcium levels. What effect would each hormone have on bone density? Explain your answer.

Question 61

Describe the symptoms and causes of Cushing syndrome and Addison disease.

Question 62

Give the location of the pineal gland, what hormone it produces, and the function of that hormone.

Question 63

Explain the role ghrelin and leptin may have in regulating body weight.

Question 64

Explain how insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood sugar level.

Question 65

Because nonsteroid hormones are unable to pass through the cell membrane, a second messenger is needed.

Question 66

The endocrine system and the nervous system perform the same general function, but the activity of the endocrine system is slower and longer-lasting.

Question 67

Give the location of the thymus gland, what hormone it produces, and the function of that hormone.

Question 68

Explain the function of mineralocorticoids.

Question 69

Explain the functions of glucocorticoids.

Question 70

A target organ cell has a receptor for a particular hormone.

Question 71

The result of the interaction between a nonsteroid hormone and a target cell is the formation of a new protein.

Question 72

In order to function, some steroid hormones must penetrate two membranes in a cell.

Question 73

Explain the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Question 74

If a hormone receptor is in the nucleus, it is a receptor for a steroid hormone.

Question 75

The first action of some nonsteroid hormones after they attach to their receptors is to cause a change in the cell's ATP.

Question 76

If a hormone receptor is on the cell membrane, it is a receptor for a nonsteroid hormone.

Question 77

The endocrine system is made up of both endocrine and exocrine glands.

Question 78

Cyclic AMP is the second messenger for some nonsteroid hormones. The first messenger is the hormone itself.

Question 79

A doctor found that a patient had a low level of thyroid hormone in the blood. A test was given to determine the level of TSH in the blood. Explain where the problem would lie if the TSH level were high. Explain where the problem would lie if the TSH level were low.

Question 80

Most nonsteroid hormones are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.