Question 1

Explain the function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Explain what happens if there is a hypersecretion or a hyposecretion of these hormones.

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are both hormones produced by the thyroid gland and are essential for regulating metabolism and growth in the body.

Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in controlling the body's metabolic rate, as well as regulating heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance.

Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a more potent form of thyroid hormone that is produced from thyroxine. It also plays a key role in regulating metabolism and energy production in the body.

If there is a hypersecretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, it can lead to a condition known as hyperthyroidism. This can result in symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heart rate, anxiety, tremors, and heat intolerance. In severe cases, it can also lead to complications such as heart problems and osteoporosis.

On the other hand, if there is a hyposecretion of these hormones, it can lead to a condition known as hypothyroidism. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression. In severe cases, it can also lead to complications such as heart disease and infertility.

Overall, the proper function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine is crucial for maintaining a healthy metabolism and overall well-being in the body. Any imbalance in the secretion of these hormones can lead to significant health issues and should be addressed by a healthcare professional.

Question 2

Cushing syndrome, virilization of women, and Addison disease can all be the results of hypersecretion of the adrenal gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell. 
B)  It requires a second messenger. 
C)  It converts ATP into cyclic AMP. 
D)  All of the above are true of steroid hormones. 
A)  Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell. 
B)  It requires a second messenger. 
C)  It converts ATP into cyclic AMP. 
D)  All of the above are true of steroid hormones. A

Question 4

The hypersecretion of growth hormone can produce a condition called acromegaly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Of the two thyroid hormones, T3 is more abundant but T4 is more potent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone acts with calcitonin to increase the level of calcium in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The hormone that indicates pregnancy is released by the ovaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Most nonsteroid hormones are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
-Releases hormones into the interstitial fluid or the blood

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine gland 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Target organ cell 
D) Steroid hormone 
E) Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback 
A) Endocrine gland 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Target organ cell 
D) Steroid hormone 
E) Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ovarian follicle secretes both estrogen and progesterone. 
B)  The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone. 
C)  Each ovary contains two types of glandular structures. 
D)  All of the above are true of ovaries. 
A)  The ovarian follicle secretes both estrogen and progesterone. 
B)  The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone. 
C)  Each ovary contains two types of glandular structures. 
D)  All of the above are true of ovaries.

Question 11

List and explain the functions of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary gland produces se

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is located in the neck. 
B)  It is composed of a cortex and a medulla. 
C)  It produces thymosin. 
D)  It is important in the body's immune system. 
A)  It is located in the neck. 
B)  It is composed of a cortex and a medulla. 
C)  It produces thymosin. 
D)  It is important in the body's immune system.

Question 13

Explain the function of mineralocorticoids.

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoids are a type of steroid

Question 14

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description.
-An example of a mineralocorticoid

Accepted Answer

A) Glucocorticoid 
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Triiodothyronine 
E) ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH 
A) Glucocorticoid 
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Triiodothyronine 
E) ADH
F)Aldosterone
G)Luteinizing hormone
H)Oxytocin
I)Epinephrine
J)Insulin
K)Growth hormone
L)Parathyroid hormone
M)Thymosin
N)Glucagon
O)Melatonin
P)ACTH

Question 15

ACTH

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the ovaries to begin forming follicles. 
B)  stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone. 
C)  stimulates the release of adrenaline. 
D)  targets cells in the thyroid gland. 
A)  causes the ovaries to begin forming follicles. 
B)  stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone. 
C)  stimulates the release of adrenaline. 
D)  targets cells in the thyroid gland.

Question 16

A target organ cell has a receptor for a particular hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
-Hormone that requires a second messenger

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine gland 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Target organ cell 
D) Steroid hormone 
E) Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback 
A) Endocrine gland 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Target organ cell 
D) Steroid hormone 
E) Prostaglandin
F)Exocrine gland
G)Nonsteroid hormone
H)Cyclic AMP
I)Positive feedback

Question 18

The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH, but they are made in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The main function of thymosin is to help regulate the body's biological clock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is a prostaglandin? How are prostaglandins different from hormones?

Accepted Answer

A prostaglandin is a type of lipid compo

Exam 12: Endocrine System

Explain the function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Explain what happens if there is a hypersecretion or a hyposecretion of these hormones.

Cushing syndrome, virilization of women, and Addison disease can all be the results of hypersecretion of the adrenal gland.

Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

The hypersecretion of growth hormone can produce a condition called acromegaly.

Of the two thyroid hormones, T3 is more abundant but T4 is more potent.

Parathyroid hormone acts with calcitonin to increase the level of calcium in the blood.

The hormone that indicates pregnancy is released by the ovaries.

Most nonsteroid hormones are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition. -Releases hormones into the interstitial fluid or the blood

Which of the following is not true of the ovaries?

List and explain the functions of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

Explain the function of mineralocorticoids.

Match each hormone with its corresponding function or description. -An example of a mineralocorticoid

ACTH

A target organ cell has a receptor for a particular hormone.

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition. -Hormone that requires a second messenger

The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH, but they are made in the hypothalamus.

The main function of thymosin is to help regulate the body's biological clock.

What is a prostaglandin? How are prostaglandins different from hormones?

Introduction to the Body

Chemistry of Life

Cells

Tissues

Organ Systems

Mechanisms of Disease

Skin and Membranes

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System

Senses

Blood

Heart

Blood

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Genetic Diseases

Filters

Of the two thyroid hormones, T₃ is more abundant but T₄ is more potent.