Deck 11: Special Considerations of Assessment in Early Childhood

Question 1

According to Goodman and Hover (1992), when assessment is directed by the parents, what problems may occur?

Answer 1

An assessment process directed by a child's parents may not be in the child's best interest because parents retain the right to restrict inquiry.

Question 2

Which instrument was standardized at the same time as the AGS Early Screening Profiles?

Answer 2

Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills

Question 3

The time set for a review of the IFSP of infants and young children ____.

Answer 3

First, parent involvement is mandated by federal law. Second, family priorities must be considered in the making of the IFSP. Third, children ages 0-5 spend a great deal of time in the home. It is important to keep parents in the process of assessing, developing and implementing an IFSP because the parents will be providing a great deal of data to the team.

Question 4

These include sleep disturbances, irritability, and unusual movements.

Question 5

These include physical, neurological, and emotional factors that influence the child's development.

Question 6

The IFSP must include the expected ___ of interventions and the degree to which ___ toward achieving them is being made.

Question 7

Which instrument includes an articulation survey but does not have the expanded error analysis included in the K-SEALS?

Question 8

In which of the program paradigms does the parent play a more active role in the assessment and planning processes?

Question 9

___ may be measured with the appropriate instruments and found in one or more of the following areas: cognitive development, physical development, communication development, social or emotional development, and adaptive development.

Question 10

This revised instrument includes research on several clinical samples and is used for children aged 1 to 42 months.

Question 11

Family assessment includes determining the ___ priorities and concerns related to enhancing the development of the child.

Question 12

According to Minke and Scott (1993), parents may need better ___ from professionals.

Question 13

This instrument is based on Piagetian developmental theory and is used for infants through 2 years of age.

Question 14

This infant assessment tool is used to determine the possible risk of developmental disabilities in infants from birth to 1 month of age.

Question 15

____ must incorporate the family's description of its resources, priorities, and concerns related to the development of the child.

Question 16

What are the assessment recommendations of the Division of Early Childhood?

Question 17

Katz (1989) stated that in some instances, parents and professionals must ___ on goals for the child.

Question 18

What five areas of child development must the IFSP address?

Question 19

Which instrument for younger ages includes many of the same subtests as the WISC-IV?

Question 20

What instrument provides scores for expressive and receptive language skills as well as early academic skills for children aged 5 and 6 years?

Question 21

_____ is considered the standard for direct assessment of autism spectrum disorders.

Question 22

Among the possible reasons for ___ are physical development behind that of age peers and cognitive functioning below the levels expected.

Question 23

What areas are assessed when infants are evaluated? Describe these areas in your answer.

Question 24

When an examiner interviews parents and teachers in order to assess behavior in a variety of different settings, the examiner is conducting Eco behavioral interviews.

Question 25

Which instrument includes both direct assessment and questionnaires/ratings to be completed by caretakers?

Question 26

The family's strengths and needs as they relate to the parents are the objects of assessment.

Question 27

According to Mayes (1991), what are the clinical indications that an infant may need a full evaluation?

Question 28

When a child is asked to articulate each isolated sound in a whole word, the teacher is requiring the child to use ___.

Question 29

The ____ should be administered by a professional with training in clinical interviewing techniques.

Question 30

Used with infants and toddlers, the technique of ___ may decrease the time spent in assessment.

Question 31

Identify and explain two or three issues related to family involvement as specified in legal guidelines and mandates governing early-childhood assessment.

Question 32

What are some general considerations to bear in mind when assessing infants, toddlers, and young children?

Question 33

The IDEA requires services for children ages 3-5, while providing provisions for states who wish to serve children from birth through 3.

Question 34

Once the family's and the young child's needs are determined, the information is used to complete a(n) ___.

Question 35

A child who does not have oral language but may be average in other skills may have a(n) ___.

Question 36

The transition needs of students age 16 years and older must be included in the IEP, according to the 1997 IDEA amendments; ___ mandates services for children aged 3 to 5 with disabilities.

Question 37

When a child appears to behave and function differently in specific situations, a(n) ___ may be used to assess these behaviors or abilities.

Question 38

Special education law requires that the family must participate in developing an IFSP.

Question 39

When a child is able to hear and say isolated sounds, recognize that sounds make up words, discriminate between sounds, provide rhyming words to target words, substitute sounds upon request, and identify words with specific sounds, the child is demonstrating evidence of ___.

Question 40

In using a play evaluation, the examiner notes the child's characteristics of play.

Question 41

The ability to differentiate the separate sounds in spoken words is phonemic awareness.

Question 42

Children who experience low birth weight, prolonged respiratory difficulties, or central nervous system involvement are said to have which of the following?

A) Need for special education resource services
B) Biological risk factors
C) Environmental risk factors
D) Learning risk factors

Question 43

A student's physical ability is the primary consideration during an assistive technology (AT) evaluation.
Multiple Choice

Question 44

Special education law requires that a plan be developed for each infant or toddler and his or her family. What is the name of this plan?

A) IEP
B) IAP
C) IFSP
D) IFFP

Question 45

Which of the following is the term for the program in which the assessment and goals for the child are driven by the family's needs and priorities?

A) Family-centered program
B) Family-focused program
C) Family assessment program
D) Family needs-based program

Question 46

Which of the following is not required to be evaluated for infants and toddlers according to federal regulations?

A) Family interaction development
B) Physical development
C) Cognitive development
D) Communication development

Question 47

Which of the following is not an eligibility criterion for early childhood under IDEA?

A) Developmental delay
B) Diagnosed physical or mental condition
C) Diagnosed with a qualifying disability
D) None of the above

Question 48

Autism diagnoses are decreasing.

Question 49

Which of the following is evaluated to determine developmental delay?

A) Cognitive and physical development
B) Communication and adaptive development
C) Social and emotional development
D) All of the above

Question 50

A holistic view of a child's developmental progress can be gained by conducting formal assessments.

Question 51

Data collected on children should be used for which of the following purposes?

A) To determine the effectiveness of interventions and instruction and make changes as necessary
B) To assist in educational planning and decision making
C) To implement universal behavioral and academic interventions and assessment
D) All of the above

Question 52

IDEA provides for developmental intervention for children beginning at which of the following ages?

A) Birth
B) One year
C) Two years
D) Three years

Question 53

At a minimum, which of the following indicates how often IDEA mandates the plans for infants and toddlers be reviewed?

A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 54

When the examiner uses strategies to encourage the child to use communication to solve problems, it is known as which of the following?

A) Observations
B) Interactive strategies
C) Situational play
D) None of the above

Question 55

Disturbances of sleeping, eating and irritability are referred to as which of the following?

A) Temperament orientation
B) Routine disturbances
C) Regulatory disturbances
D) Common disturbances

Question 56

Nonorganic failure to thrive, recurrent vomiting or chronic diarrhea, recurrent dermatitis, recurrent wheezing are all examples of which of the following?

A) Regulatory disturbances
B) Social/emotional disturbances
C) Psychophysiological disturbances
D) None of the above

Question 57

At a minimum, which of the following indicates how often IDEA mandates the plans for infants and toddlers be evaluated?

A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 58

A technique that places the child and the examiner in the center of the multidisciplinary team during the assessment is known as which of the following?

A) Play evaluations
B) Early childhood assessment
C) Arena assessment
D) None of the above

Question 59

An assessment process directed by a child's parents is in the child's best interest.

Question 60

Young maternal age, disorganization or dysfunction of the family, and few family support networks are examples of which of the following?

A) Biological risk factors
B) Environmental risk factors
C) Developmental delays
D) All of the above

Question 61

Discuss what you see to be the most salient issues surrounding the IFSP regarding family involvement.

Question 62

Which of the following represents the best practice in assessing infants and toddlers as well as preschool age children?

A) Interviewing parents
B) Direct observations and surveys
C) Cognitive assessment, speech evaluation, and behavioral assessment
D) Multiple measures, multiple examiners and multiple situations

Question 63

Infants may be suspected of having developmental delays or of being at risk for developmental delays if there are clinical indications of concern. What has the research defined as areas of concern? Identify and discuss each.

Question 64

Identify and discuss at least three alternative assessments that may be used to identify young children as requiring special education services.

Question 65

Describe what you see as the most important specific components of an IFSP (include at least three).

Question 66

Discuss the differences between family-centered programs and family-focused programs, including what you see to be some possible implications of these differences.

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of phoneme identity?

A) Say smile without the /s/. mile
B) The sound /b/ is the same in bike, boy and bell.
C) Which word does not belong-bus, bun, rug? Rug
D) /p/

Question 68

Which of the following instruments is used in the assessment of infants and toddlers ages 1 to 42 months in the areas of memory, problem-solving, verbal abilities, motor functioning, and a rating of behavior?

A) Bayley Scales of Infant Development - II
B) Uzgiris-Hunt Ordinal Scales of Psychological Development - II
C) Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
D) Developmental Infant Rating System - III

Question 69

Which of the following represent valid concerns regarding early childhood assessment?

A) Disorders can be difficult to determine in young children
B) Scores obtained during assessments are unstable
C) Variability between the educational and home environments is a real factor
D) All of the above

Question 70

Which of the following is an example of phoneme segmentation?

A) /s/ /i/ /p/
B) /sip/
C) "sip"
D) All of the above

Question 71

Discuss the three primary areas of potential impairment when assessing a student suspected of being autistic.

Question 72

This screening tool is used to identify young children who may be in need of further diagnostic assessment.

A) Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning, 4th Edition
B) Mullen Scales of Early Learning: AGS edition
C) Brigance Early Childhood Screen III
D) The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th edition

Question 73

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition was developed for use with children of what ages?

A) Birth to 3 years of age
B) 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months
C) 2 years to 6 years and 6 months
D) 1 year of age to 6 years of age

Question 74

Discuss the evaluation considerations when a student is being assessed for the use of assistive technology devices.

Question 75

Describe the major differences in the requirements necessary for eligibility for infant and toddler services and early-childhood services.

Question 76

Which of the following is an example of a phonemic isolation task?

A) Tell me the first letter in the word phony
B) Tell me how many sounds are in the word phony.
C) Tell me the first sound in the word phony.
D) All of the above

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of a phoneme deletion task?

A) Which word does not belong - bus, bun, rug?
B) What is phony without the /f/?
C) Is the sound /b/ the same in bike, boy and bell?
D) None of the above
Short Answer

Question 78

Discuss the role of RTI in early childhood. What should assessments look like? How should the data be used?

Question 79

Which of the following categories is considered when evaluating a child with a pervasive developmental disorder?

A) Problems with phonemic awareness
B) Difficulties with social reciprocity or interactions with people
C) Physical disability
D) All of the above

Question 80

Explain how often an IFSP must be reviewed. Why isn't the timeline the same as for children who are of school age?