Deck 10: The External World

Question 1

Brinol and colleagues (2007)found that power had different effects on attitudes depending upon whether participants ______.

A)were high or low in need for affect
B)were made to feel powerful before or after a persuasive appeal
C)were high or low in self-esteem
D)had strong or weak attitudes at the start of the study

Answer 1

were made to feel powerful before or after a persuasive appeal

Question 2

Priester and Petty (2001)examined the links between participants' subjective feelings of ambivalence toward diverse issues.their potential ambivalence toward each issue.and the discrepancy between participants' attitudes and those of their parents and other students.Which of the following statements reflects their principal finding?

A)Feelings of ambivalence were significantly associated with discrepancies between participants' own attitudes and those of their parents or fellow students.independently of participants' potential ambivalence.
B)Feelings of ambivalence were significantly associated with potential ambivalence.but not with discrepancies between participants' own attitudes and those of their parents or fellow students.
C)Feelings of ambivalence were more significantly associated with potential ambivalence than with discrepancies between participants' own attitudes and those of their parents or fellow students.
D)Feelings of ambivalence were neither associated with potential ambivalence nor with discrepancies between participants' own attitudes and those of their parents or fellow students.

Answer 2

Feelings of ambivalence were significantly associated with discrepancies between participants' own attitudes and those of their parents or fellow students.independently of participants' potential ambivalence.

Question 3

Norms describing what people actually do are referred to as ______.

A)descriptive norms
B)social norms
C)injunctive norms
D)personal norms

Answer 3

descriptive norms

Question 4

Which statement below is a correct description of the group polarization effect?

A)Individuals' attitudes become more consistent with the group's average view after group discussion.
B)Individuals' attitudes become more extreme in the direction of the group's average view prior to group discussion.
C)Individuals' attitudes become more subdued after group discussion.
D)A desire to fit in with the group does not account for the effect.

Question 5

Considering Social Identity Theory.the Theory of Planned Behavior.and research that integrates them.when would farmers' own injunctive in-group norms be most useful in persuading them to use more sustainable agricultural practices ?

A)when farmers identify highly with city dwellers
B)when farmers identify highly other farmers
C)when farmers identify with the importance of protecting the environment
D)when farmers do not identify highly with city dwellers

Question 6

There are pros and cons to some carbon-reducing technologies.like electric cars.In which nation would people think more deeply about a message highlighting both the pros and cons of electric cars?

A)the United Kingdom
B)the United States
C)China
D)both the United Kingdom and China

Question 7

According to Cialdini (2003).______.

A)messages aimed at attitude and behavior change are not likely to be effective
B)better compliance is obtained by describing descriptive norms and injunctive norms that both support the sought-after behavior
C)high self-monitors are less likely to follow social norms
D)low self-monitors tend to rely more strongly on external attitudes and beliefs to guide their behaviors

Question 8

The idea that a littered environment elicits more anti-social behavior is known as the ______.

A)broken glass theory
B)broken window theory
C)spreading of chaos theory
D)none of these

Question 9

Following McGuire's (1964)seminal research on resistance to persuasion.which of the following message claims would help to inoculate against a message claiming that "applying sunscreen lotion damages skin through a cocktail of unnatural chemicals"?

A)Sunscreen lotion soothes and moisturizes skin.
B)Sunscreen lotion prevents skin damage by reducing the likelihood of skin cancer.
C)Sunscreen lotion reduces the likelihood of bodily dehydration.
D)both Sunscreen lotion soothes and moisturizes skin and Sunscreen lotion prevents skin damage by reducing the likelihood of skin cancer

Question 10

Where P is the Person.AO is the Attitude Object.and OP is the Other Person.which of the following triads is balanced according to Heider (1958)?

A)P likes AO and OP.OP does not like AO.
B)P dislikes AO and OP.OP does not like AO.
C)P likes AO and dislikes OP.OP does not like AO.
D)both P dislikes AO and OP.OP does not like AO and P likes AO and dislikes OP.OP does not like AO.

Question 11

Cialdini (2003)suggested that people are most likely to litter when the environment is ______.

A)clean and they see a model litter
B)clean and they see a model who does not litter
C)dirty and they see a model litter
D)dirty and they see a model who does not litter

Question 12

According to Tormala and Petty (2007).the amount of information in a first persuasive appeal impacts the degree to which people like the contents of a second appeal.This effect is mediated by ______.

A)perceived expertise of the second source
B)perceived amount of information in the second appeal
C)perceived accuracy of information in the second appeal
D)repetition across the first and second appeal

Question 13

Imagine that an advertising firm wants to know whether an ad campaign for a laundry detergent should acknowledge at the outset that only a minority of individuals use the product.From what you have learned about majority and minority effects in persuasion.______.

A)mentioning the minority will decrease persuasion
B)mentioning the minority will increase persuasion
C)mentioning the minority will have no effect
D)both minorities and majorities influence persuasion

Question 14

According to Cacioppo and Petty's (1979.1985)studies on repeated exposure.______.

A)repetition of a message increases message comprehension.until it becomes tedious
B)repetition of a strong message leads to more favourable attitudes
C)repetition of a weak message leads to less favourable attitudes
D)all of these

Question 15

According to Green and Brock (2000).the effects of narrative persuasion on attitudes are thought to be mediated by ______.

A)transportability
B)perceived knowledge
C)expertise
D)transportation