Deck 7: Principles of Disease

Question 1

Carriers of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi,the agents of typhoid fever,can have persistent infections in the

A)Gall bladder
B)Respiratory tract
C)Nasopharynx
D)Digestive tract

Answer 1

Gall bladder

Question 2

Microbiome is the term that refers to all of which organisms present in the body?

A)Pathogens
B)Bacteria
C)Yeast and other fungi
D)Viruses
E) All microorganisms

Answer 2

All microorganisms

Question 3

Which of the following defines an acute disease?

A)Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs
B)Symptoms reappear long after initial infection
C)Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection
D)Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement
E)Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Answer 3

Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement

Question 4

The presence of bacteria in the blood is referred to as

A)Toxemia
B)Septicemia
C)Primary infection
D)Focal infection
E)Bacteremia

Question 5

Which of the following describes a secondary infection?

A)Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs
B)Symptoms reappear long after initial infection
C)Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection
D)Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement
E)Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 6

Which of the following is commonly associated with tuberculosis?

A)Megasomes
B)Sepsis
C)Granulomas
D)Mutualism

Question 7

The development of shingles is believed to be linked to

A)Persistent granulomas
B)Aging
C)Microbial antagonism
D)Toxemia

Question 8

Which of the following is the definition for latent disease?

A)Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs
B)Symptoms reappear long after initial infection
C)Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection
D)Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement
E)Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 9

Which of the following is the definition for systemic disease?

A)Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs
B)Symptoms reappear long after initial infection
C)Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection
D)Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement
E)Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

A)M. tuberculosis in the lungs
B)S. enterica serovar Typhi surviving in the gallbladder
C)Bacteria in the colon providing vitamins K and B
D)Chlamydia species surviving in epithelial cells of the genital tract
E)Saprophytic bacteria surviving on sloughed cells of the ear

Question 11

Which of the following is the definition for subacute disease?

A)Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs
B)Symptoms reappear long after initial infection
C)Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection
D)Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement
E)Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 12

The eyelash mite (Demodex folliculorum),is a harmless parasite which lives inside human hair follicles.Its relationship to humans is

A)Parasitism
B)Mutualism
C)Microbial antagonism
D)Commensalism
E)Opportunism

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a persistent bacterial infection?

A)Mycobacterium tuberculosis: tuberculosis
B)Chlamydia trachomatis: pelvic inflammatory disease
C)Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: typhoid fever
D)Helicobacter pylori: gastric ulcers
E)All of the choices

Question 14

The whole body microbiome is different from the biomes of its organs.For example,Staphylococcus is part of the normal microflora in all of the regions of the body but is rarely found in the

A)Urogenital tract
B)Large intestine
C)Conjunctiva
D)Skin
E)Nose and throat

Question 15

Chickenpox can cause a rash known as shingles.This is an example of

A)Sub-acute development
B)Granuloma formation
C)Reactivation
D)Megasome activation
E)Systemic spread

Question 16

Escherichia coli cells producing bacteriocins are participating in

A)Opportunism
B)Antibiotic resistance
C)Commensalism
D)Parasitism
E)Microbial antagonism

Question 17

Diseases that take a long period to develop and also remain for long periods are referred to as

A)Sub-acute
B)Acute
C)Chronic
D)Subclinical
E)Nosocomial

Question 18

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Secondary infection: symptoms arise years after an initial infection
B)Septicemia: multiplication of organisms in the blood
C)Acute infection: rapid onset of symptoms
D)Local infection: restricted to small area
E)Focal infection: original location of spreading infection

Question 19

What is the study of the underlying cause of a disease?

A)Toxemia
B)Etiology
C)Focal infection
D)Primary infection
E)Parasitism

Question 20

If pathogens spread to the bloodstream or lymphatics and disseminate to other parts of the body,a(n)_____ occurs.

A)Acute disease
B)Latent disease
C)Secondary infection
D)Systemic infection

Question 21

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Bacteremia: bacteria present in the blood
B)Toxemia: toxins present in the blood
C)Viremia: viruses replicating in the blood
D)Viremia: viruses present in the blood

Question 22

Provide an explanation for the prevalence of tuberculosis in nursing homes.Include the terms provided below in your response.

Question 23

Explain the process by which Streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).

Question 24

Name and describe the three strategies used by health professionals to control communicable diseases.Characterize each of them.

Question 25

Which of the following has a sudden onset and causes widespread inflammation and necrosis of tissues?

A)Acute septic shock
B)Subclinical infection
C)Viremia
D)Toxic shock
E)Hemolytic anemia

Question 26

List and describe the five specific periods of infection.

Question 27

Explain why normally harmless bacteria that comprise our microbial flora have the potential to be pathogenic.Provide examples.

Question 28

Explain why Koch's postulates cannot be applied to all pathogens.

Question 29

Which of the following is characteristic of toxic shock?

A)Granulomas form in the lungs
B)Neutrophils are inhibited
C)Phagolysosomes cannot form properly
D)The blood pressure decreases

Question 30

Toxic shock is different from sepsis.Which of the following describes sepsis?

A)Involvement of heparin-binding protein
B)Activation of neutrophils
C)Involvement of bacterial surface proteins
D)Involvement of fibrinogen
E)Signs of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction