Question 1

Explain why normally harmless bacteria that comprise our microbial flora have the potential to be pathogenic.Provide examples.

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic infections can occur when normally harmless microflora are displaced from their normal location and access a portal of entry that is not normally available.One example is when Escherichia coli move from the colon to the urethra and cause a urinary tract infection.Another example is when a host's immune system is compromised,such as by taking certain medications or if affected by a genetic or acquired immunodeficiency,allowing establishment of an infection which would normally be prevented.

Question 2

Escherichia coli cells producing bacteriocins are participating in

Accepted Answer

A) Opportunism 
B) Antibiotic resistance 
C) Commensalism 
D) Parasitism 
E) Microbial antagonism 
A) Opportunism 
B) Antibiotic resistance 
C) Commensalism 
D) Parasitism 
E) Microbial antagonism E

Question 3

The whole body microbiome is different from the biomes of its organs.For example,Staphylococcus is part of the normal microflora in all of the regions of the body but is rarely found in the

Accepted Answer

A) Urogenital tract 
B) Large intestine 
C) Conjunctiva 
D) Skin 
E) Nose and throat 
A) Urogenital tract 
B) Large intestine 
C) Conjunctiva 
D) Skin 
E) Nose and throat B

Question 4

Which of the following is commonly associated with tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Megasomes 
B) Sepsis 
C) Granulomas 
D) Mutualism 
A) Megasomes 
B) Sepsis 
C) Granulomas 
D) Mutualism

Question 5

Which of the following describes a secondary infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease 
A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 6

List and describe the five specific periods of infection.

Accepted Answer

The five periods of infection are the in

Question 7

Name and describe the three strategies used by health professionals to control communicable diseases.Characterize each of them.

Accepted Answer

The three strategies for control of comm

Question 8

Microbiome is the term that refers to all of which organisms present in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens 
B) Bacteria 
C) Yeast and other fungi 
D) Viruses 
E)  All microorganisms 
A) Pathogens 
B) Bacteria 
C) Yeast and other fungi 
D) Viruses 
E)  All microorganisms

Question 9

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteremia: bacteria present in the blood 
B) Toxemia: toxins present in the blood 
C) Viremia: viruses replicating in the blood 
D) Viremia: viruses present in the blood 
A) Bacteremia: bacteria present in the blood 
B) Toxemia: toxins present in the blood 
C) Viremia: viruses replicating in the blood 
D) Viremia: viruses present in the blood

Question 10

Which of the following is the definition for subacute disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease 
A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 11

Explain why Koch's postulates cannot be applied to all pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Koch's postulates require that the same

Question 12

The eyelash mite (Demodex folliculorum),is a harmless parasite which lives inside human hair follicles.Its relationship to humans is

Accepted Answer

A) Parasitism 
B) Mutualism 
C) Microbial antagonism 
D) Commensalism 
E) Opportunism 
A) Parasitism 
B) Mutualism 
C) Microbial antagonism 
D) Commensalism 
E) Opportunism

Question 13

Explain the process by which Streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).

Accepted Answer

The M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 14

Provide an explanation for the prevalence of tuberculosis in nursing homes.Include the terms provided below in your response.

Accepted Answer

When a person becomes infected with Myco

Question 15

Carriers of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi,the agents of typhoid fever,can have persistent infections in the

Accepted Answer

A) Gall bladder 
B) Respiratory tract 
C) Nasopharynx 
D) Digestive tract 
A) Gall bladder 
B) Respiratory tract 
C) Nasopharynx 
D) Digestive tract

Question 16

Which of the following is the definition for latent disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease 
A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 17

Diseases that take a long period to develop and also remain for long periods are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) Sub-acute 
B) Acute 
C) Chronic 
D) Subclinical 
E) Nosocomial 
A) Sub-acute 
B) Acute 
C) Chronic 
D) Subclinical 
E) Nosocomial

Question 18

Chickenpox can cause a rash known as shingles.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) Sub-acute development 
B) Granuloma formation 
C) Reactivation 
D) Megasome activation 
E) Systemic spread 
A) Sub-acute development 
B) Granuloma formation 
C) Reactivation 
D) Megasome activation 
E) Systemic spread

Question 19

Which of the following is the definition for systemic disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease 
A) Pathogens use blood or lymph to access all organs 
B) Symptoms reappear long after initial infection 
C) Symptoms immediately follow a primary infection 
D) Rapid symptom development and rapid subsequent improvement 
E) Symptoms are between those of acute and chronic disease

Question 20

Which of the following is characteristic of toxic shock?

Accepted Answer

A) Granulomas form in the lungs 
B) Neutrophils are inhibited 
C) Phagolysosomes cannot form properly 
D) The blood pressure decreases 
A) Granulomas form in the lungs 
B) Neutrophils are inhibited 
C) Phagolysosomes cannot form properly 
D) The blood pressure decreases

Exam 7: Principles of Disease

Explain why normally harmless bacteria that comprise our microbial flora have the potential to be pathogenic.Provide examples.

Escherichia coli cells producing bacteriocins are participating in

The whole body microbiome is different from the biomes of its organs.For example,Staphylococcus is part of the normal microflora in all of the regions of the body but is rarely found in the

Which of the following is commonly associated with tuberculosis?

Which of the following describes a secondary infection?

List and describe the five specific periods of infection.

Name and describe the three strategies used by health professionals to control communicable diseases.Characterize each of them.

Microbiome is the term that refers to all of which organisms present in the body?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Which of the following is the definition for subacute disease?

Explain why Koch's postulates cannot be applied to all pathogens.

The eyelash mite (Demodex folliculorum),is a harmless parasite which lives inside human hair follicles.Its relationship to humans is

Explain the process by which Streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).

Provide an explanation for the prevalence of tuberculosis in nursing homes.Include the terms provided below in your response.

Carriers of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi,the agents of typhoid fever,can have persistent infections in the

Which of the following is the definition for latent disease?

Diseases that take a long period to develop and also remain for long periods are referred to as

Chickenpox can cause a rash known as shingles.This is an example of

Which of the following is the definition for systemic disease?

Which of the following is characteristic of toxic shock?

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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