Deck 6: Service Design

Question 1

The service sector accounts for over 70 percent of the employment in the United States and Canada.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Almost all consumer products consist of some combination of facilitating goods and facilitating services.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The mixture of physical items,sensual benefits,and psychological benefits provided to a customer with a service is known as quality function deployment.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Service processes can be classified by the degree of labour intensity and customization.

Question 5

The trade-off between the cost of improved service and the cost of making customers wait provides the basis of waiting line analysis.

Question 6

Service design and improvement techniques cannot be applied to societal problems,such as education,health care,and government services.

Question 7

Waiting lines form because customers arrival times and service times are not always equal.

Question 8

A service package defines the target market and the desired customer experience.

Question 9

A single waiting line model can be applied to every type of waiting line system.

Question 10

The negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution most commonly used to describe service times.

Question 11

Waiting lines form only when service operations are understaffed.

Question 12

The calling population is the source of customers used in waiting line analysis.

Question 13

Service companies are centralized and geographically concentrated.

Question 14

It is widely accepted that the effective design and the efficient operation of services are paramount to the health of the U.S.and Canadian economies.

Question 15

The service concept also defines how a service differs from other similar products and how it will compete in the marketplace.

Question 16

In general,services are acts,deeds,or performances that provide a customer time,place,form,or psychological utility.

Question 17

The service-process matrix is based on two characteristics: labour intensity and volume.

Question 18

In general,a service and its delivery system are inseparable.

Question 19

The mixture of physical items,sensual benefits,and psychological benefits provided to a customer with a service is known as the service package.

Question 20

When designing a service performance,specifications are converted into design specifications,and finally,delivery specifications.

Question 21

As the level of service improves in a waiting line system,the cost of service usually increases.

Question 22

Channels refer to the number of parallel servers in a waiting line system.

Question 23

The number of arrivals per unit time to a service facility is often described by a Poisson distribution.

Question 24

A waiting line system is said to have a finite calling population if the size of the population of customers from which arrivals originate is known.

Question 25

The constant average values of operating characteristics that a system attains after a long time is referred to as a steady state.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a service?

A)tangible
B)variable output
C)difficult to emulate
D)perishable

Question 27

A dentist office is an example of a

A)service factory.
B)mass service.
C)service shop.
D)professional services.

Question 28

In general,as the level of service improves the cost of service increases.

Question 29

Waiting line analysis should be applied only to situations with an infinite calling population.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a service?

A)intangible
B)variable output
C)difficult to emulate
D)perishable

Question 31

If service times are exponentially distributed then service rates are normally distributed.

Question 32

An airline is an example of a

A)service factory.
B)mass service.
C)service shop.
D)professional services.

Question 33

In a waiting line system,the ___ reflects the probability that the server is busy and the customer must wait.

A)utilization factor
B)queue discipline
C)average number of customers in the system
D)probability the system is idle

Question 34

Balking occurs when a customer waiting in a line moves from one line to another because he believes it is moving faster.

Question 35

The number of parallel servers in waiting line analysis is referred to as the number of phases.

Question 36

Queue discipline specifies the order in which waiting customers are served.

Question 37

Service quality in waiting line systems sometimes depends on the psychology of waiting.

Question 38

Mathematical formulas used in waiting line analysis provide only optimal solutions.

Question 39

If the average service rate is smaller than the average arrival rate,an infinitely large waiting line (queue)will form.

Question 40

One of the basic assumptions for the single server model is that the calling population is finite.

Question 41

The ___ is the source of customers for a waiting line system.

A)calling population
B)arrival rate
C)service line channel
D)service line phase

Question 42

The ___ refers to the order in which waiting customers are served.

A)calling population
B)queue discipline
C)number of channels
D)service rate

Question 43

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per minute.The average time in minutes a customer spends in the system (i.e.,waiting and being served)is

A)0.114 minute.
B)0.143 minute.
C)6.84 minutes.
D)8.58 minutes.

Question 44

Which of the following in not a basic element of a waiting line?

A)arrivals
B)servers
C)cost of waiting
D)waiting line structure

Question 45

The number of channels in a queuing process

A)denotes the number of servers in sequence a customer must go through.
B)denotes the size of the calling population.
C)denotes the number of parallel servers for servicing arriving customers.
D)denotes the average queue length.

Question 46

If the average time to serve a customer is 3 minutes,then the service rate,µ,is ___.

A)3 per hour
B)12 per hour
C)16 per hour
D)20 per hour

Question 47

A teacher is an example of a

A)service factory.
B)mass service.
C)service shop.
D)professional services.

Question 48

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The average number of customers waiting in line for service is

A)4.0.
B)3.8.
C)3.5.
D)3.2.

Question 49

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The average time in minutes a customer spends waiting in line for service is

A)0.114 minute.
B)0.143 minute.
C)6.84 minutes.
D)8.58 minutes.

Question 50

If,on average,it takes 90 seconds to serve a customer,then the hourly service rate,µ,is ___.

A)90 per hour
B)40 per hour
C)30 per hour
D)1.5 per hour

Question 51

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive at the rate of 20 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a mean service time of 2 minutes per customer.What is the service rate per hour for the espresso stand?

A)30 customers
B)20 customers
C)15 customers
D)2 customers

Question 52

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The probability that the server is idle is

A)0.20.
B)0.60.
C)0.80.
D)1.00.

Question 53

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per minute.If the arrival rate remains at 28 customers per hour and the stand's manager wants to have the average time a customer spends in the system (i.e.,wait time line and service time)to be a maximum of 6 minutes on average,then the service rate must

A)decrease by 2 to 33 customers per hour.
B)decrease by 3 to 32 customers per hour.
C)increase by 3 to 38 customers per hour.
D)increase by 2 to 37 customers per hour.

Question 54

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The average number of customers in the system (i.e.,waiting and being served)is

A)4.0.
B)3.8.
C)3.2.
D)2.0.

Question 55

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The probability that there are exactly 3 customers in the system is

A)0.0000.
B)0.1024.
C)0.4096.
D)0.5120.

Question 56

A grocery store is an example of a

A)service factory.
B)mass service.
C)service shop.
D)professional services.

Question 57

In general,as the number of servers in a waiting line system increases

A)service cost increases and waiting cost decreases.
B)service cost decreases and waiting cost increases.
C)both service cost and waiting cost increase.
D)both service cost and waiting cost decrease.

Question 58

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The probability that there are more than 2 customers in the system is

A)0.128.
B)0.488.
C)0.512.
D)0.640.

Question 59

Consider an espresso stand with a single barista.Customers arrive to the stand at the rate of 28 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.Service times are exponentially distributed with a service rate of 35 customers per hour.The probability that the server is busy is

A)0.20.
B)0.60.
C)0.80.
D)1.00.

Question 60

The number of arrivals per unit of time at a service facility can frequently be described by a

A)normal distribution.
B)Poisson distribution.
C)binomial distribution.
D)beta distribution.

Question 61

What are the basic elements of a waiting line? Define each.

Question 62

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the probability that the diner is full and an arriving customer does not enter?

A)0.8333
B)0.1667
C)0.2067
D)0.0481

Question 63

What is queue discipline and queue length?

Question 64

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the average time a customer spends waiting?

A)2.5 minutes
B)3.0 minutes
C)6.44 minutes
D)24 minutes

Question 65

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The service rate per server for this system is

A)3.75 customers per hour.
B)7.5 customers per hour.
C)8 customers per hour.
D)16 customers per hour.

Question 66

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the average number of customers waiting (average queue length)?

A)2.0432
B)2.8364
C)3.9785
D)5.9782

Question 67

How can psychology be used to improve waiting lines? Provide an example.

Question 68

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The average amount of time,in minutes,spent in the system (i.e.,waiting and being served)is approximately

A)0.237 minutes.
B)14.22 minutes.
C)22.20 minutes.
D)33.30 minutes.

Question 69

Do waiting lines only form when the service operation is understaffed? Explain.

Question 70

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The average number of customers waiting to be served would be

A)4.444.
B)2.844.
C)1.600.
D)0.893.

Question 71

How are waiting line costs and service quality related?

Question 72

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the average time a customer spends in the diner?

A)3 minutes
B)5.975 minutes
C)6.44 minutes
D)8.94 minutes

Question 73

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The average amount of time spent by a customer waiting in line is approximately

A)0.370 minutes.
B)2.844 minutes.
C)14.22 minutes.
D)22.20 minutes.

Question 74

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the probability that there are no customers in the diner?

A)0.2067
B)0.7933
C)0.8333
D)0.1667

Question 75

What is a calling population in terms of a waiting line system?

Question 76

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.On average,the total number of customers in the system (i.e.,waiting and being served)would be

A)1.600.
B)2.844.
C)3.200.
D)4.444.

Question 77

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The probability that an arriving customer must wait for service is

A)0.7111.
B)0.8000.
C)0.8576.
D)0.9327.

Question 78

A small diner has one employee and a counter with seating for 8 customers.The diner does not package food for takeout.Customers arrive at the diner at the rate of 20 per hour (Poisson distributed).Service times are exponentially distributed and average 24 per hour.Customers that arrive when all seats are taken do not enter the diner.What is the average number of customers in the diner?

A)2.0432
B)2.8364
C)3.7536
D)5.4837

Question 79

Briefly describe the traditional cost relationship in waiting line analysis.

Question 80

A service counter employs two servers.On average a server requires 8 minutes to process a customer and service times follow an exponential distribution.Customers arrive at the counter at the rate of 12 per hour according to a Poisson distribution.The probability that there are no customers in the system is

A)0.800.
B)0.536.
C)0.369.
D)0.111.