Deck 4: Infancy: Physical, Neurocognitive, Sensorimotor and Cognitive Development

Question 1

From weighing about ___________ kilograms at birth, the typical infant weighs about ___________ kilograms at its second birthday.

A) 2; 10
B) 5; 15
C) 5; 13
D) 3; 13

Answer 1

3; 13

Question 2

Which of the following is linked to higher incidence of an infant dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

A) Parents who smoke even moderately
B) Babies who sleep on their backs
C) Babies who have another serious illness
D) Both A and B

Answer 2

Parents who smoke even moderately

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a four- month- old infant's ability to perceive faces?

A) Looks mostly at the eyes
B) Eyes are still salient, but glances at nose and mouth
C) Attends to all features of the face and can now discriminate two unlike faces from each other
D) Fixates only perimeter features such as hairline and chin

Answer 3

Eyes are still salient, but glances at nose and mouth

Question 4

Which of the following is not an automatic reflex behaviour of a baby?

A) Moro
B) Spitting
C) Sucking
D) Sneezing

Question 5

In traditional Aboriginal communities, infants spend ___________ percent of their time being held by a sitting adult.

Question 6

There is a rapid burst of myelination from birth to age ___________ , and then a steady but slower increase up to adolescence.

Question 7

Research currently indicates that both ___________ and ___________ interact in the growth of almost all motor skills.

Question 8

Which of the following senses is least developed when an infant is born?

A) Hearing
B) Taste
C) Smell
D) Vision

Question 9

Evidence from around the world is consistent with the view that when families discontinue their time- honoured traditional practices in favour of the idea of the benefits of modern western technology, they may be doing their offspring ___________.

Question 10

According to Hamilton (1981), which of the following behaviours do Anglo- Australian infants acquire before their Indigenous counterparts?

A) Rolls over when supine
B) Stands without support
C) Takes first independent steps
D) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the six substages in the growth of sensorimotor intelligence?

A) Secondary circular reactions
B) Secondary reflex reactions
C) Coordinating secondary circular reactions
D) Reflex reactions

Question 12

Which of the following is an effective method of soothing a baby's crying?

A) Rocking the infant in a hand cradle
B) Playing a tape of an adult's heartbeat loudly
C) Wrapping the infant tightly in bands of cloth
D) All of the above

Question 13

At birth the human brain is only about ___________ percent of its adult weight. By the second birthday the brain will have increased ___________ to percent of the weight of the adult brain.

A) 20; 60
B) 40; 80
C) 25; 90
D) 25; 80

Question 14

___________ are the muscular and coordination abilities that enable children to move around, pick up things and generally control the positions and movements of their bodies.

Question 15

The phase in the lifespan known as infancy begins at birth and ends around the ___________ birthday.

Question 16

A three- month- old baby who had a chain of rattles hanging over their cot would glance up at the rattles before pulling the chain. The baby seemed to anticipate the sound they were about to make and to connect it with their own action of pulling. This is an example of the cognitive abilities associated with secondary ___________.

Question 17

According to Checkik et al. (2000) the human brain loses about ___________ of its synapses by puberty.

A) a quarter
B) a third
C) an eighth
D) half

Question 18

According to Brackbill (1979), infants exposed to unpleasantly intense stimuli, including bright lights or a hot pad, displayed ___________ crying behaviour.

Question 19

Newborns sleep for about how many hours per day?

A) 12
B) 16
C) 18
D) 20

Question 20

In Erikson's theory of personality, the most important developmental achievement of infancy is the acquisition of a realistic sense of ___________.

Question 21

Kagan (1970) found that a typical infant would find a toy they are completely unfamiliar with more interesting than a toy that was slightly different from one they have seen previously.

Question 22

Infants from all cultures spend roughly the same amount of time asleep during the period from birth to three months.

Question 23

By the end of infancy, typical two- year- olds have achieved half their adult height and about one- fifth of their adult weight.

Question 24

When Field (1982) compared New Zealand adults with six- month- olds in a task that required turning the head to locate the source of a brief burst of sound, he found that the infants were quicker than the adults and equally accurate.

Question 25

In the first week after birth babies had four distinct crying sounds.

Question 26

As a result of cot death, Aboriginal babies are three times more likely than Anglo- Australian infants to die, and Maori infants are twice as likely to die as Pakeha (Anglo) New Zealand infants.

Question 27

The theory of autostimulation of REM sleep suggests that REM sleep serves the single important purpose of providing young infants with intense, vibrant and complex dreams, establishing their later ability to be creative.

Question 28

Aboriginal infants and children in TV- owning families have poorer health and delayed physical growth outcomes as compared to non- TV- owning families.

Question 29

Newborn infants have a poor sense of smell and cannot distinguish the smell of their own mother's milk from a different nursing mother's milk.

Question 30

According to Brackbill (1979), all methods of soothing a baby's crying involve intense steady stimulation to one of the baby's sense organs.

Question 31

The cortex is responsible for many higher cognitive functions and becomes fully functional around six months after birth.