Deck 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Question 1

The cluster of capillaries in a Bowman's capsule is called the ____.  

A) loop of Henle
B) glomerulus
C) distal tubule
D) proximal tubule
E) afferent vessel

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Protein breakdown produces ____,which requires a large amount of water to flush out of the body.  

A) nitrogen gas
B) carbon dioxide
C) ammonia
D) carbon monoxide
E) oxygen

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An animal loses water by four of the following processes.Which one is the exception?  

A) Bleeding
B) Excretion
C) Secretion
D) Exhalation
E) Inhalation

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Figure 40.5A

The letter "B" in the above figure represents a(n)_____.  

A) kidney
B) urethra
C) urinary bladder
D) ureter
E) Bowman's capsule

Question 5

For water to leave a kidney tubule by osmosis,the interstitial fluid around that region of tubule must be ____ relative to the filtrate inside the tubule.  

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) osmotic
E) permeable

Question 6

Figure 40.5B
Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question.
Fluid is reabsorbed from peritubular capillaries and returned to blood circulation via the structure indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 40.12A


-Blanks "A" and "B" should be labeled,respectively,____.  

A) does not gulp; loss
B) does not gulp; gain
C) gulps; loss
D) gulps; gain
E) does not gulp; pump

Question 8

The channel between the bladder and the body surface is the _____.  

A) renal medulla
B) fallopian tube
C) urethra
D) ureter
E) epididymis

Question 9

Figure 40.5B
Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question.
The region where the renal cortex is located is indicated by the letter(s)_____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E
E) both A and B

Question 10

Figure 40.3

In the above illustration of fluid regulation in an earthworm,the letter "B" represents which of the following?  

A) The excretory pore
B) Nephridium tubules
C) The storage bladder
D) The ureter
E) Funnel to collect fluid

Question 11

The following structure is largely impermeable to water and plays a role in concentrating urine.  

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Renal medulla
C) Distal tubule
D) Ascending loop of Henle
E) Descending loop of Henle

Question 12

Which of the following is a nontoxic compound that is excreted as crystals mixed with just enough water to produce a thick,white paste?  

A) Ammonium nitrate
B) Ammonia
C) Uric acid
D) Potassium sulfate
E) Urea

Question 13

The nephron begins in the ____.  

A) glomerulus
B) loop of Henle
C) kidney cortex
D) ureter
E) medulla

Question 14

What is a toxic metabolic waste product formed primarily by the breakdown of proteins?  

A) Kidney stones
B) Ammonia
C) Nephridia
D) Uric acid
E) Protonephridia

Question 15

In planarian flatworms,which organ(s)rids the body of excess water and soluble wastes?  

A) Coelom
B) Malpighian tubule
C) Nephridia
D) Protonephridia
E) Kidney

Question 16

Figure 40.2

In the above illustration of fluid regulation in a planarian,the letter "A" represents which of the following?  

A) Nucleus of the flame cell
B) Small capillaries that allow water to freely diffuse into the planarian
C) Sexual reproductive organ
D) Cilia to draw fluid into the planarian
E) Funnel to collect fluid

Question 17

Blood pressure drives filtration in the ____.  

A) urethra
B) renal artery
C) glomerulus
D) plasma
E) sodium-potassium pumps

Question 18

____ and ____ that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed into blood.  

A) Water; urine
B) Starches; amino acids
C) Amino acids; proteins
D) Glucose; amino acids
E) Glucose; proteins

Question 19

In birds and reptiles,waste ammonia is usually converted to ____,which uses great amounts of energy but yields the greatest water savings.  

A) uric acid
B) protein
C) carbohydrates
D) carbon dioxide
E) glucose

Question 20

Figure 40.12A
Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following question.
Blanks "C" and "D" should be labeled,respectively,_____.  

A) in; large
B) in; small
C) out; large
D) out; small
E) in; equal

Question 21

____ is a passive transport plasma membrane protein that forms a pore through which water (but not solutes)can flow freely across the membrane.  

A) ADH
B) A sodium ion
C) Ketone bodies
D) Aquaporin
E) Angiotensinogen

Question 22

Which of the following is a hollow,muscular organ that stores the urine?  

A) Urethra
B) Proximal tubule
C) Urinary bladder
D) Ureter
E) Distal tubule

Question 23

Figure 40.7

The region where filtration occurs is indicated by the letter(s)____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) A and D

Question 24

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by ____.  

A) synthesizing buffers
B) retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate
C) excreting excess hydrogen ions
D) combining hydrogen ions with urea
E) excreting filtrate

Question 25

Which process causes loss of heat by transforming liquid water into a gas?  

A) Conduction
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) Metabolism
E) Evaporation

Question 26

The antidiuretic hormone works on ____ that encourages the kidneys to reabsorb water.  

A) a positive feedback loop
B) a negative feedback loop
C) the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney
D) the action potential
E) the muscle tissue

Question 27

Ectothermic animals regulate their body temperature by ____.  

A) adjusting their metabolism
B) relying on insulation such as feathers
C) growing hair
D) foraging for food
E) altering their position

Question 28

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the ____.  

A) pons
B) hypothalamus
C) medulla oblongata
D) thymus
E) thyroid gland

Question 29

Which statement is true regarding kidney stones?  

A) Their removal always requires surgery.
B) Most of them block a ureter or urethra.
C) They are made of uric acid and calcium.
D) They cause tumors in the kidney.
E) They occur as a result of diabetes mellitus.

Question 30

____ is an adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium and encourages sodium reabsorption,thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.  

A) ADH
B) ANP
C) Angiotensinogen
D) Aldosterone
E) AMP

Question 31

The descending arm of the loop of Henle is permeable to ____ but impermeable to ____.  

A) water; potassium ions
B) water; sodium ions
C) sodium ions; water
D) potassium ions; water
E) All choices are incorrect.

Question 32

A rise in sodium levels and extracellular volume leads to a rise in blood pressure.As a result,____.  

A) renin levels rise, but aldosterone levels fall
B) renin levels fall, but angiotensin levels rise
C) renin and aldosterone levels rise
D) renin and aldosterone levels drop
E) renin levels drop, but aldosterone levels remain the same

Question 33

The first step in urine formation is when blood pressure forces protein-free plasma out of glomerular capillaries and into ____.  

A) Bowman's capsule
B) the loop of Henle
C) the proximal tubule
D) the distal tubule
E) the plasma

Question 34

A kidney dialysis machine ____.  

A) may cleanse the patient's blood outside the body
B) may use the patient's chest cavity as the site for solute exchange
C) replaces solutes in blood lost by urination
D) used by patients after a kidney transplant
E) is used to treat kidney stones

Question 35

In humans,the thirst center is located in the ____.  

A) adrenal cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) anterior pituitary
D) pons
E) thymus

Question 36

What is a dense cluster of capillaries that sits within the cuplike Bowman's capsule of a nephron?

A) Glomerulus
B) Urethra
C) Peritubular capillaries
D) Proximal tubule
E) Loop of Henle

Question 37

Which of the following is part of the initial response to cold temperature?  

A) Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
B) Panting
C) Sweating
D) Shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body
E) Decreased metabolism

Question 38

Which process describes why a person feels warmer when she moves close to a warm person?  

A) Convection
B) Evaporation
C) Conduction
D) Radiation
E) Collection

Question 39

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Nephron

Question 40

Figure 40.7

Where does hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur?  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) C and D

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Tubular secretion

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Conduction

Question 43

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Heterothermic

Question 44

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Thermal radiation

Question 45

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
ADH

Question 46

__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid in vertebrates.

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Ectothermic

Question 48

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.Proximal tubule
c.Descending portion of loop of Henle
d.Distal tubule
Sodium ions are actively transported out from this region.

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Hemodialysis

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Tubular reabsorption

Question 51

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.Proximal tubule
c.Descending portion of loop of Henle
d.Distal tubule
The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Glomerular filtration

Question 53

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.Proximal tubule
c.Descending portion of loop of Henle
d.Distal tubule
Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Question 54

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Shivering response

Question 55

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.Proximal tubule
c.Descending portion of loop of Henle
d.Distal tubule
Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Estivation

Question 57

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
a.Bowman's capsule
b.Proximal tubule
c.Descending portion of loop of Henle
d.Distal tubule
This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

Question 58

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Peritoneal dialysis

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Convection

Question 60

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night.
b.Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out
c.Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.Animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
h.Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
j.A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
l.Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
m.Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
o.Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
p.
Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
q.
Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus
Aldosterone

Question 61

Marine bony fish __________ water by osmosis,while freshwater bony fish __________ water by osmosis.

Question 62

In flatworms,the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Question 63

A decline in pH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of which substance?  

A) Bicarbonate
B) Hydrogen ions
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Carbonic acid
E) Phosphates

Question 64

Freshwater bony fishes continually produce a large volume of ______urine to counteract the effects of osmosis.

Question 65

The process of substances moving from the filtrate inside a kidney tubule into the peritubular capillaries is called ________________________.  

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion
D) antidiuresis
E) aldosterone processing

Question 66

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

Question 67

In insects and spiders,__________ take up fluid,uric acid,and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.

Question 68

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

Question 69

____________ is an emission of heat from a warm object into the space around it.

Question 70

Blood pressure drives the first step in urine formation,called _____________________.  

A) tubular reabsorption
B) antidiaresis
C) tubular secretion
D) glomerular filtration
E) aldosterone processing

Question 71

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.

Question 72

Kidney stones are primarily composed of which substances that settle out of urine?  

A) Potassium salts
B) Uric acid and calcium
C) Urea and potassium
D) Phosphates and amino acids
E) Fatty acid salts

Question 73

Desert kangaroo rat nephrons have a much longer _____________,which allows a greater concentration gradient,facilitating more water reabsorption.