Question 1

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Hemodialysis

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus P

Question 2

The cluster of capillaries in a Bowman's capsule is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  afferent vessel 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal tubule 
D)  proximal tubule 
E)  afferent vessel B

Question 3

Kidney stones are primarily composed of which substances that settle out of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium salts 
B)  Uric acid and calcium 
C)  Urea and potassium 
D)  Phosphates and amino acids 
E)  Fatty acid salts 
A)  Potassium salts 
B)  Uric acid and calcium 
C)  Urea and potassium 
D)  Phosphates and amino acids 
E)  Fatty acid salts B

Question 4

The antidiuretic hormone works on ____ that encourages the kidneys to reabsorb water.

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive feedback loop 
B)  a negative feedback loop 
C)  the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney 
D)  the action potential 
E)  the muscle tissue 
A)  a positive feedback loop 
B)  a negative feedback loop 
C)  the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney 
D)  the action potential 
E)  the muscle tissue

Question 5

Desert kangaroo rat nephrons have a much longer _____________,which allows a greater concentration gradient,facilitating more water reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Desert kangaroo rat nephrons have a much...

Question 6

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.
-Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Proximal tubule 
C) Descending portion of loop of Henle 
D) Distal tubule

Question 7

In flatworms,the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In flatworms,the action of ciliated __________ draws...

Question 8

Which of the following is a hollow,muscular organ that stores the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urethra 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Urinary bladder 
D)  Ureter 
E)  Distal tubule 
A)  Urethra 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Urinary bladder 
D)  Ureter 
E)  Distal tubule

Question 9

Which of the following is part of the initial response to cold temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels 
B)  Panting 
C)  Sweating 
D)  Shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body 
E)  Decreased metabolism 
A)  Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels 
B)  Panting 
C)  Sweating 
D)  Shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body 
E)  Decreased metabolism

Question 10

In planarian flatworms,which organ(s)rids the body of excess water and soluble wastes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coelom 
B)  Malpighian tubule 
C)  Nephridia 
D)  Protonephridia 
E)  Kidney 
A)  Coelom 
B)  Malpighian tubule 
C)  Nephridia 
D)  Protonephridia 
E)  Kidney

Question 11

____________ is an emission of heat from a warm object into the space around it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is an emission of heat from...

Question 12

A decline in pH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of which substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Hydrogen ions 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Carbonic acid 
E)  Phosphates 
A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Hydrogen ions 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Carbonic acid 
E)  Phosphates

Question 13

Which process causes loss of heat by transforming liquid water into a gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conduction 
B)  Radiation 
C)  Convection 
D)  Metabolism 
E)  Evaporation 
A)  Conduction 
B)  Radiation 
C)  Convection 
D)  Metabolism 
E)  Evaporation

Question 14

Which statement is true regarding kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their removal always requires surgery. 
B)  Most of them block a ureter or urethra. 
C)  They are made of uric acid and calcium. 
D)  They cause tumors in the kidney. 
E)  They occur as a result of diabetes mellitus. 
A)  Their removal always requires surgery. 
B)  Most of them block a ureter or urethra. 
C)  They are made of uric acid and calcium. 
D)  They cause tumors in the kidney. 
E)  They occur as a result of diabetes mellitus.

Question 15

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ such as reptiles control core temperature...

Question 16

Figure 40.5A
  
-The letter "B" in the above figure represents a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney 
B)  urethra 
C)  urinary bladder 
D)  ureter 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  kidney 
B)  urethra 
C)  urinary bladder 
D)  ureter 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 17

Protein breakdown produces ____,which requires a large amount of water to flush out of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen gas 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  ammonia 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  oxygen 
A)  nitrogen gas 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  ammonia 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  oxygen

Question 18

What is a dense cluster of capillaries that sits within the cuplike Bowman's capsule of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Loop of Henle 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Urethra 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Loop of Henle

Question 19

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 20

____ is an adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium and encourages sodium reabsorption,thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  ANP 
C)  Angiotensinogen 
D)  Aldosterone 
E)  AMP 
A)  ADH 
B)  ANP 
C)  Angiotensinogen 
D)  Aldosterone 
E)  AMP

Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Hemodialysis

The cluster of capillaries in a Bowman's capsule is called the ____.

Kidney stones are primarily composed of which substances that settle out of urine?

The antidiuretic hormone works on ____ that encourages the kidneys to reabsorb water.

Desert kangaroo rat nephrons have a much longer _____________,which allows a greater concentration gradient,facilitating more water reabsorption.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. -Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

In flatworms,the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Which of the following is a hollow,muscular organ that stores the urine?

Which of the following is part of the initial response to cold temperature?

In planarian flatworms,which organ(s)rids the body of excess water and soluble wastes?

____________ is an emission of heat from a warm object into the space around it.

A decline in pH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of which substance?

Which process causes loss of heat by transforming liquid water into a gas?

Which statement is true regarding kidney stones?

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

Figure 40.5A -The letter "B" in the above figure represents a(n)_____.

Protein breakdown produces ____,which requires a large amount of water to flush out of the body.

What is a dense cluster of capillaries that sits within the cuplike Bowman's capsule of a nephron?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Tubular reabsorption

____ is an adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium and encourages sodium reabsorption,thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters