Deck 6: What Lies Behind Policy: Questions of Justice and Effectiveness

Question 1

When the term "justice" is used, there is often confusion stemming from the fact that there are two significantly different types of "justice," ______________ justice and substantive justice.

Answer 1

procedural

Question 2

This chapter suggests that government "ought" to strive to be both effective and ___________________.

Answer 2

just or fair

Question 3

Your text suggests that costs are easy to calculate but benefits are not.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The mechanism in American politics that enables us to know exactly HOW we will be dealt with in a legal situation is called _______________________.

Question 5

An "effective" policy is defined in your text as the one that gives the state and the people of the state the greatest _______________ at the least cost.

Question 6

Need-based scholarships, water pollution, children as an externality, and gender-based pensions are used in the text as examples of the state's use of _____________.

Question 7

Policy evaluation, to be effective, must account for ALL costs and benefits - not just the intended costs and benefits.

Question 8

The objectives of creating a "just" and "effective" political system are squarely normative in nature and suffer when we strive to create empirical definitions for both terms.

Question 9

Your text suggests that the right to survive, the right to free speech and the right to privacy are a category of rights designated _______________________________.

Question 10

Which of the following would be a violation of due process in a criminal trial in the United States?

A) The accused must have had the opportunity to know about the law before committing the supposed violation.
B) Judges must be disinterested and unbiased.
C) Judges must be attentive to the process.
D) Once a judgment has been made, it is final.
E) The accused is entitled to know all evidence in the case.

Question 11

Markets are good at:

A) dealing with externalities
B) letting supply and demand determine prices
C) providing public goods
D) insuring an equal distribution of goods and services
E) long-term planning for environmental problems

Question 12

Justice in a broad sense may require that, to be just to most of the people, the state must be less just to some people.

Question 13

If a policy must distribute benefits unevenly (to any degree), your text raises the very real dilemma turning on the basis for differentiating. This requires government to settle on one of two criteria: either on the basis of contributions or on the basis of ________________.

Question 14

A policy will meet the test of fairness (justice) if it consistently manifests equality.

Question 15

The three "special basic rights" described in the textbook are the rights to:

A) vote, free speech, trial by jury
B) assembly, religious freedom, equality
C) religious freedom, free speech, free press
D) free speech, equality, privacy
E) survive, free speech, privacy

Question 16

Political systems that are adamantly "democratic" will be ______________ likely to use authority-based policy making than to use market-based policy-making.

Question 17

Due process at its best provides a guarantee of procedural justice. It cannot assure one of substantive justice.

Question 18

States engage in both authority-based policy-making and "market"- based policy making in an effort to get the public to make the choices and engage in the behaviors that the state finds productive.

Question 19

A governmental action that is made, communicated, or carried out capriciously:

A) is arbitrary
B) involves due process
C) is a good example of procedural justice
D) is an externality
E) cannot have been an action of an authoritarian government

Question 20

If the state is eager to create the appearance of NOT controlling people, it is likely to engage in ___________________ policy-making.

Question 21

Critical Thinking
Different people will weigh contribution, need, and the necessity of equality differently. What are the implications?

Question 22

Market-based policy-making is a very effective way to produce public goods and to minimize externalities that could impact on an individual's decisions.

Question 23

Avoid the notions related to procedural justice and comment on how a system could more clearly commit itself to guaranteeing substantive justice.

Question 24

The two main problems with authority-based policy-making are (1) the state does not allocate optimally and (2) there is little incentive to use resources efficiently.

Question 25

Policy-making generally is a straight-forward business: simply assess what resources you have available and make a decision about your priorities.