Exam 6: What Lies Behind Policy: Questions of Justice and Effectiveness

Political systems that are adamantly "democratic" will be ______________ likely to use authority-based policy making than to use market-based policy-making.

Which of the following would be a violation of due process in a criminal trial in the United States?

Your text suggests that costs are easy to calculate but benefits are not.

The two main problems with authority-based policy-making are (1) the state does not allocate optimally and (2) there is little incentive to use resources efficiently.

Critical Thinking Different people will weigh contribution, need, and the necessity of equality differently. What are the implications?

Avoid the notions related to procedural justice and comment on how a system could more clearly commit itself to guaranteeing substantive justice.

Due process at its best provides a guarantee of procedural justice. It cannot assure one of substantive justice.

Policy evaluation, to be effective, must account for ALL costs and benefits - not just the intended costs and benefits.

Policy-making generally is a straight-forward business: simply assess what resources you have available and make a decision about your priorities.

States engage in both authority-based policy-making and "market"- based policy making in an effort to get the public to make the choices and engage in the behaviors that the state finds productive.

A policy will meet the test of fairness (justice) if it consistently manifests equality.

If the state is eager to create the appearance of NOT controlling people, it is likely to engage in ___________________ policy-making.

This chapter suggests that government "ought" to strive to be both effective and ___________________.

When the term "justice" is used, there is often confusion stemming from the fact that there are two significantly different types of "justice," ______________ justice and substantive justice.

A governmental action that is made, communicated, or carried out capriciously:

The objectives of creating a "just" and "effective" political system are squarely normative in nature and suffer when we strive to create empirical definitions for both terms.

Justice in a broad sense may require that, to be just to most of the people, the state must be less just to some people.

The three "special basic rights" described in the textbook are the rights to:

Market-based policy-making is a very effective way to produce public goods and to minimize externalities that could impact on an individual's decisions.

The mechanism in American politics that enables us to know exactly HOW we will be dealt with in a legal situation is called _______________________.