Deck 2: The Systems of the Body

Question 1

The structures of the limbic system play an important role in emotion.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The release of steroids via the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

A) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B) glucocorticoids.
C) thyrotropic hormone (TSH).
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
E) vasopressin.

Answer 2

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Question 3

Regulation of the autonomic nervous system occurs via the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

_______________ is a chronic, nonprogressive disorder of the nervous system that is marked by lack of muscle control.

A) Epilepsy
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Cerebral palsy
E) Multiple Sclerosis

Question 5

Mark has been preparing for his graduate school entrance exam for several weeks and is very nervous about how he will perform. In addition to this stress, his girlfriend Jasmine is getting concerned that Mark has not been able to perform in the bedroom lately either. Mark's sexual difficulties due to stress are likely due to the involvement of his ___________ in the stress response.

A) hypothalamus
B) adrenal medulla
C) limbic system
D) pituitary gland
E) parietal lobe

Question 6

Secretion of catecholamines

A) increases protein and fat mobilization.
B) regulates sodium retention.
C) increases heart rate and blood pressure.
D) stimulates digestion.
E) decrease capillaries.

Question 7

Antigens are proteins produced in response to stimulation by antibodies.

Question 8

The _______________ nervous system connects the central nervous system with all internal organs.

A) peripheral
B) automatic
C) autonomic
D) somatic
E) sympathetic

Question 9

The _______________ nervous system mobilizes the body in response to stress; the _______________ nervous system controls the activities of the visceral organs under normal conditions.

A) parasympathetic; sympathetic
B) sympathetic; parasympathetic
C) somatic; autonomic
D) autonomic; peripheral
E) sympathetic; peripheral

Question 10

The gene for _______________ has been identified. This allows for at-risk individuals to be tested to ascertain whether they are carriers of this hereditary disorder characterized by chronic physical and mental deterioration due to damaged brain cells.

A) Epilepsy
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Parkinson's disease
E) Huntington's disease

Question 11

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with impaired

A) muscular coordination.
B) respiration.
C) speech.
D) visual acuity.
E) auditory acuity.

Question 12

Catecholamines are

A) exogenes.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) telecystors.
D) arterioles.
E) receptors.

Question 13

Angina pectoris is most likely to occur when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel and blocks the flow of blood to the heart.

Question 14

Compared to women, men are at greater risk of contracting autoimmune disease.

Question 15

The endocrine system is responsible for fast-acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body.

Question 16

The nervous system is chiefly responsible for _______________ responses to changes in the body; whereas the endocrine system governs mainly _______________ responses.

A) fast-acting, short-duration; slow-acting, long-duration
B) slow-acting, long-duration; fast-acting, short-duration
C) fast-acting, long-duration; slow-acting, short-duration
D) complementary; antagonistic
E) slow-acting, short-duration; fast-acting, long-duration

Question 17

The prevalence of ____________ is expected to rise to affect over 100 million people worldwide by the year 2050.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Huntington's disease
C) AIDS
D) arthritis
E) heart disease

Question 18

The _______________ is an important transition centre between the thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex of the brain and their impact on internal organs.

A) forebrain
B) hindbrain
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla
E) primary somatic sensory cortex

Question 19

The nervous system as a whole consists of the ______________ and the _______________.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
C) somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system
D) sensory nervous system; motor nervous system
E) brain; central nervous system

Question 20

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______________ and the _______________.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
C) somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system
D) forebrain; hindbrain
E) somatic nervous system; peripheral nervous system

Question 21

_______________ is chest pain which occurs because the muscle tissue of the heart must continue its activity without a sufficient supply of oxygen or adequate removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A) Angina pectoris
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Phlebitis
D) Arteriosclerosis
E) Aneurysm

Question 22

Infectious disorders

A) are acute problems that end when their course has run.
B) that are kept in control through hygiene may have paradoxically increased the rates of these disorders.
C) are not linked to the development of any chronic diseases.
D) attack only lymphatic tissue.
E) All of these are traits of infectious disorders.

Question 23

Atherosclerosis is

A) associated with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
B) characterized by a hardening and reduced elasticity of the arterial walls.
C) a hereditary disease rather than a disease of lifestyle.
D) a type of blood disorder.
E) a nervous system disorder.

Question 24

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by

A) B cells.
B) TC and TH cells.
C) B cells and helper and suppressor T cells.
D) interferon.
E) NK cells.

Question 25

The _______________ carry blood from the heart to oxygenate organs and other tissues.

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) ventricles
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 26

Type I diabetes

A) typically occurs after age 40.
B) is a condition that occurs when the body fails to produce enough insulin.
C) is a condition that occurs when the body is not sufficiently responsive to insulin.
D) is primarily managed through dietary and exercise regimens.
E) disproportionately affects white males.

Question 27

Autoimmunity may be implicated in

A) systemic lupus erythematosis.
B) arthritis.
C) multiple sclerosis.
D) molecular mimicry.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 28

Nonspecific immunity may be mediated by the

A) skin.
B) phagocytes.
C) inflammatory response.
D) antimicrobial substances.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 29

Autoimmunity

A) involves the progressive, chronic enlargement of lymphatic tissue.
B) is a viral disorder marked by an unusually large number of monocytes.
C) is acquired through measures such as vaccination.
D) is a condition in which a specific humoral or cell-mediated immune response attacks the body's own tissue.
E) is a condition seen only in women.

Question 30

The spleen

A) secretes insulin and bile into the bloodstream.
B) produces neurotransmitters and corticosteroids.
C) aids in the production of B and T cells and filters the blood.
D) is primarily a vestigial organ.
E) is a vermiform organ.

Question 31

Inflammation is also implicated in

A) bowel disorders.
B) cirrhosis of the liver.
C) heart disease in men.
D) asthma.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 32

Hypertension is caused by

A) high cardiac output.
B) highly viscous blood.
C) loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
D) too high a peripheral resistance.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 33

A localized infection

A) is confined to a particular site and does not spread.
B) is confined to a particular area and sends toxins to other parts of the body.
C) occurs when the body's resistance is lowered from fighting a primary infection.
D) affects several different areas.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 34

Humoral immunity is mediated by

A) B cells.
B) helper and suppressor T cells.
C) B cells and helper and suppressor T cells.
D) phagocytosis.
E) T cells.

Question 35

Some individuals are unable to produce thromboplastin and fibrin. This condition is associated with a clotting disorder called

A) arteriosclerosis.
B) anemia.
C) leukopenia.
D) hemophilia.
E) erythrocytosis.

Question 36

Lymphocytes play an important role in fighting infection and disease by

A) secreting digesting enzymes that dissolve foreign particles.
B) producing antibodies that destroy substances through the antigen-antibody reaction.
C) secreting platelets that engulf foreign particles so they may be excreted.
D) producing monoblasts that increase the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
E) carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Question 37

Approximately 55% of blood volume is composed of

A) platelets.
B) white blood cells.
C) red blood cells.
D) plasma.
E) hemoglobin.

Question 38

The course of infection follows a specific sequence; that is

A) incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, acute phase, period of decline.
B) period of nonspecific symptoms, incubation period, acute phase, period of decline.
C) acute phase, incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, period of decline.
D) incubation period, acute phase, period of decline.
E) incubation period, period of nonspecific symptoms, period of decline, recovery.

Question 39

Conditions associated with diabetes include

A) blindness.
B) kidney failure.
C) coronary heart disease.
D) nervous system damage.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 40

During _______________, blood is pumped out of the heart, and blood pressure _______________. During _______________, blood is taken into the heart, and blood pressure _______________.

A) diastole; increases; systole; decreases
B) diastole; decreases; systole; increases
C) systole; increases; diastole; decreases
D) systole; decreases; diastole; increases
E) diastole; decreases; systole; decreases

Question 41

The adrenal cortex produces _______________ in response to stress.

A) epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) glucocorticoids
C) endogenous opioids
D) ACTH
E) oxytocin

Question 42

Describe the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Include in your answer the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress.

Question 43

Explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.

Question 44

Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Include in your answer the internal and external factors influencing heart rate and the impact on heart functioning.

Question 45

The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis most closely resembles the ___________ model of stress.

A) fight or flight
B) tend and befriend
C) general adaptation syndrome
D) primary appraisal
E) sympathetic arousal

Question 46

Compare and contrast nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms. Provide at least two examples of each.