Deck 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variancea Brief Introduction

Question 1

When the lines representing the effects of two variables cross on a graph,you have ______.

A)an interaction effect
B)no interaction effect
C)possibly an interaction effect
D)an effect that cannot be determined

Answer 1

an interaction effect

Question 2

When the lines representing the effects of two variables are parallel on a graph,you have ______.

A)an interaction effect
B)no interaction effect
C)possibly an interaction effect
D)an effect that cannot be determined

Answer 2

no interaction effect

Question 3

In ANOVA,you have a main effect when ______.

A)a factor significantly affects the outcome variable.
B)an outcome significantly affects a factor.
C)there is an interaction between factors.
D)there is an interaction between outcomes.

Answer 3

a factor significantly affects the outcome variable.

Question 4

When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor,what is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 5

How many times are participants tested in the factorial ANOVA?

A)only once
B)exactly twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more

Question 6

When one of two main effects is significant,this means that ______.

A)the other main effect must be significant
B)the interaction effect must be significant
C)the interaction effect must not be significant
D)the other main effect and the interaction effect may or may not be significant

Question 7

The factorial ANOVA can be used to test ______.

A)main effects and interaction effects of the independent variables
B)main effects and interaction effects of the dependent variable
C)main effects of the independent variables only
D)main effects of the dependent variable only

Question 8

If you find that income significantly varies by gender,you have ______.

A)a main effect
B)an interaction effect
C)both a main effect and an interaction effect
D)neither a main effect nor an interaction effect

Question 9

The number of main effects is equal to the number of ______.

A)dependent variables
B)independent variables
C)independent variables plus the number of interaction effects
D)dependent variables minus the number of interaction effects

Question 10

In the main effect F_(1,9) = 1.67,p = 0.229,what is 1.67?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 11

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have ______.

A)one independent variable
B)two dependent variables
C)more than one independent variable
D)two or more dependent variables

Question 12

In ANOVA,you have an interaction effect when ______.

A)the effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable
B)the effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable
C)the effect of one dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable
D)the effect of one independent variable differs based on the level of a second dependent variable

Question 13

A factorial ANOVA is a(an)______ analysis.

A)univariate
B)bivariate
C)multivariate
D)exivariate

Question 14

Results from an ANOVA are placed in a(an)______ table.

A)ANOVA table
B)source table
C)effects table
D)output table

Question 15

Independent variables are thought of as ______.

A)factors
B)repeated measures
C)a mixed design
D)a one-way ANOVA

Question 16

In the main effect F_(1,9) = 1.67,p = 0.229,what is 0.229?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the correlation
D)the level of significance

Question 17

Use a factorial ANOVA when you have ______ variables.

A)two independent
B)two dependent
C)one independent
D)three dependent

Question 18

When examining the impact of more than one independent variable on the outcome variable,what type of ANOVA should be used?

A)multivariate ANOVA
B)factorial ANOVA
C)one-way ANOVA
D)simple ANOVA

Question 19

What is another name for a factorial ANOVA?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)two-way ANOVA
C)simple ANOVA
D)complex ANOVA

Question 20

In the main effect F_(1,9) = 1.67,p = 0.229,what does F stand for?

A)the probability level
B)the critical value
C)the F value
D)the F statistic

Question 21

If your analysis notes that males in a weight loss study differ from females in the weight loss study in the amount of weight lost based on the type of weight loss program used,what type of effect is this called?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 22

You are interested in finding out if students' achievement level changes over time as result of a reading intervention.What type of ANOVA would you use?

A)repeated measures
B)between-groups design
C)mixed design
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 23

How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 24

An analysis that examines more than one dependent variable or outcome is known as ______ ANOVA.

A)multivariate
B)one-way
C)univariate
D)two-way

Question 25

An analysis examining one dependent variable or outcome is known as ______ ANOVA.

A)multivariate
B)simple
C)one-way
D)univariate

Question 26

What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels?

A)one-way
B)two-way
C)three-way
D)four-way

Question 27

In a factorial ANOVA,one of the research hypotheses for a main effect might look like ______.

A)H_0: µ_{male =} µ_2female
B)H<sub>1:
male ≠

female</sub>
C)H<sub>1:
male =

female</sub>
D)H_1: µ_{male =} µ_{female =} µ_age

Question 28

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects gender and school type (i.e. ,elementary,middle,or high school)on a scale of student attitudes toward learning?

A)2 × 2 ANOVA
B)3 × 3 ANOVA
C)2 × 3 ANOVA
D)simple ANOVA

Question 29

How many null hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 30

Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and SES (high SES and low SES)on a test of student achievement?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)2 × 2 ANOVA
C)multivariate ANOVA
D)3 × 2 ANOVA

Question 31

How many research hypotheses are used in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 32

What type of ANOVA would examine effects of political party (i.e. ,Democrat,Republican,or independent)affiliation and gender on attitudes toward the death penalty?

A)2 × 2 ANOVA
B)3 × 2 ANOVA
C)3 × 2 × 1 ANOVA
D)3 × 3 ANOVA

Question 33

In a factorial ANOVA,one of the null hypotheses might look like ______.

A)H_0: µ_{1 =} µ₂
B)H_0: µ_{1 ≠} µ₂
C)H_1: µ_{1 =} µ₂
D)H<sub>0:
1 =

2</sub>

Question 34

In a weight loss study you find that participants differ in amount of weight lost based on their gender.What type of effect is this?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 35

What is it called when the analysis of data reveals differential effects of one factor across levels of another factor?

A)interaction effect
B)factor effect
C)level effect
D)main effect

Question 36

In a factorial ANOVA,the effect of one factor is called the ______.

A)interaction effect
B)main effect
C)differential effect
D)experimental effect

Question 37

When your analysis finds that participants in a weight loss study differ in amount of weight lost based on the type of weight loss program used,what type of effect is this called?

A)main effect
B)level effect
C)factor effect
D)interaction effect

Question 38

If you wanted to examine whether attitudes toward learning differ based on students' grade in school (i.e. ,first,second,third),what is the independent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)students' attitudes
C)parents' attitudes
D)level of parent involvement

Question 39

When examining more than one factor,what type of ANOVA should be used?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)multivariate ANOVA
C)simple ANOVA
D)factorial ANOVA

Question 40

In a factorial ANOVA,one of the research hypotheses might look like ______.

A)H<sub>0:
1 ≠

2</sub>
B)H<sub>1:
1 =

2</sub>
C)H<sub>1:
1 ≠

2</sub>
D)H<sub>0:
1 =

2</sub>

Question 41

In the main effect F_(1,9) = 1.67,p = 0.229,what is the level of significance?

A)1
B)9
C)1.67
D)0.229

Question 42

A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of graduate students in a counseling program,so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream,the second group of students specific doses of licorice,and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments.As a second factor,she includes students in their first semester of their first year of graduate school as one cohort and students in the first semester of their second year of graduate school as the other cohort.The first factor in this intervention would be ______,the second factor would be ______,and the dependent variable would be ______.

A)type of treatment;cohort;well-being
B)well-being;students;cohort
C)well-being;cohort;type of treatment
D)type of treatment;well-being;cohort

Question 43

If you wanted to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e. ,first,second,third),what is the independent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)television viewing
C)students
D)school

Question 44

The factorial ANOVA is used when you have multiple independent variables.

Question 45

In the main effect F_(1,9) = 1.67,p = 0.229,what is the obtained value?

A)1
B)9
C)1.67
D).229

Question 46

How many times are subjects measured in the factorial ANOVA?

A)only once
B)exactly twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more

Question 47

In a factorial ANOVA,the research hypothesis for the interaction might look like ______.

A)H₁: µ_{upper × new} = µ_{upper × returning} = µ_{middle × new} = µ_{middle × returning}
B)H₀: µ_{upper × new} ≠ µ_{upper × returning} ≠ µ_{middle × new} ≠ µ_{middle × returning}
C)H₁: _{upper × new} = _{upper × returning} = _{middle × new} = _{middle × returning}
D)H₁: _{upper × new} ≠ _{upper × returning} ≠ _{middle × new} ≠ _{middle × returning}

Question 48

In the main effect F_(1,12) = 5.25,p < 0.05,what does the symbol p stand for?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 49

If you wanted to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e. ,first,second,third),what is the dependent variable of interest?

A)grade level
B)television viewing
C)students
D)school

Question 50

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy)and gender on college students' happiness.What is the following table called?

A)results table
B)outcome table
C)variable table
D)source table

Question 51

What is the two-way analysis of variance?

A)one-way ANOVA
B)factorial ANOVA
C)simple ANOVA
D)complex ANOVA

Question 52

A researcher wants to create an intervention to improve the well-being of graduate students in a counseling program,so she gives one group of students specific doses of rocky road ice cream,the second group of students specific doses of licorice,and the third group of students specific doses of chewy fruit-flavored candies for their treatments.As a second factor,she includes students in their first semester of their first year of graduate school as one cohort and students in the first semester of their second year of graduate school as the other cohort.To analyze the differences in well-being between the students in the three different "treatments" and two cohorts,she would use a(n)______.

A)analysis of covariance
B)analysis of variance
C)factorial analysis of variance
D)repeated-measures analysis of variance

Question 53

In a factorial ANOVA,one of the null hypotheses for a main effect might look like ______.

A)H_0: µ_{male =} µ_2female
B)H_1: µ_{male =} µ_{female =} µ_age
C)H<sub>1:
male =

female</sub>
D)H<sub>0:
male ≠

female</sub>

Question 54

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy)and gender on college students' happiness.Which of the following can be confirmed by the table below?

A)There is no interaction effect
B)There is a main effect of gender.
C)There is an interaction effect.
D)There is a main effect of therapy.

Question 55

To examine the impact of three different types of wall paint colors (blue,green,and yellow)on how often toddlers cry,which test is appropriate to use?

A)factorial ANOVA
B)t-test for dependent samples
C)t-test for independent samples
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 56

In a factorial ANOVA,the null hypothesis for the interaction might look like ______.

A)H₀: µ_{upper × new} = µ_{upper × returning} = µ_{middle × new} = µ_{middle × returning}
B)H₀: µ_{upper × new} ≠ µ_{upper × returning} ≠ µ_{middle × new} ≠ µ_{middle × returning}
C)H₁: _{upper × new} = _{upper × returning} = _{middle × new} = _{middle × returning}
D)H_{1: upper × new} ≠ _{upper × returning} ≠ _{middle × new} ≠ _{middle × returning}

Question 57

You wish to examine the impact of two different types of music (pop music and jazz music)and pet food served (wet food and dry food)on how often cats glare at their owners.Which test is appropriate to use?

A)factorial ANOVA
B)t-test for dependent samples
C)t-test for independent samples
D)one-way ANOVA

Question 58

In the main effect F_(1,12) = 5.25,p < 0.05,what is the number of 5.25?

A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation

Question 59

In what circumstance do you use the factorial ANOVA?

A)when you have one independent variable
B)when you have more than one independent variable
C)when you have two dependent variables
D)when you have two or more dependent variables

Question 60

When results show a difference between levels of a factor,this difference is called ______.

A)an interaction effect
B)a factor effect
C)a level effect
D)a main effect

Question 61

What is a factorial ANOVA?

Question 62

When an independent variable has a significant effect on the outcome variable,you have a main effect.

Question 63

What three questions can you answer by doing a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 64

The source table lists sources of variance in an analysis of variance.

Question 65

One of the easiest ways to see the magnitude of an interaction (or the absence of one)in a factorial ANOVA is to plot the means.

Question 66

When should you use a factorial ANOVA instead of a simple ANOVA?

Question 67

The factorial ANOVA can test main effects but not interaction effects.

Question 68

The test statistic used in the factorial ANOVA is the T-test.

Question 69

What are the three null hypotheses used in a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 70

What is a main effect?

Question 71

Dr.Moo conducted a research project in which she compared the impact of two types of therapy (pizza therapy and chocolate therapy)and gender on college students' happiness.How many research hypotheses did she have,and how would you write them?

Question 72

An interaction effect is a phenomenon where the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs based on the level of a second independent variable.

Question 73

Why do we use SPSS to calculate a factorial ANOVA?

Question 74

If your main effects are significant,your interaction effects will also be significant in all cases.

Question 75

In the factorial ANOVA,participants are tested only once.

Question 76

What are the three research hypotheses used in a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?

Question 77

Interaction effects are between independent variables.