Deck 9: Managing Staff and Service Volunteers

Question 1

______ theory describes how individuals base their management styles on the need for power, relationships, and achievements.

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) McClelland's three needs theory
C) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
D) Erikson's three stages of life cycles

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Brian volunteers to work at a 3-day book fair that is held once every 3 years. What type of volunteer is Brian?

A) virtual
B) regular
C) episodic
D) mandated

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Speckbacher argues combining financial and social incentives creates a/an ______ relationship.

A) legal
B) market
C) contractual
D) stakeholder

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An attorney is providing an outside legal opinion to a nonprofit organization's board of directors. What type of volunteer is the attorney?

A) expert
B) policy
C) marginal
D) mandated

Question 5

______ state(s) human needs progress to higher levels as the lower level needs are met.

A) Maslow's theory
B) Taylor's approach
C) Operant conditioning
D) The Hawthorne experiments

Question 6

The most expensive management function for a nonprofit organization is ______.

A) planning
B) marketing
C) research and development
D) human resources management

Question 7

According to Herzberg, another name for hygiene factors is ______.

A) satisfiers
B) motivators
C) dissatisfiers
D) physical working conditions

Question 8

As Letts and colleagues observe, managers often face two challenges--getting the job done and ______.

A) disciplining the staff
B) recruiting volunteers
C) keeping the staff satisfied
D) changing volunteers' workloads

Question 9

Frederick W. Taylor developed which management theory?

A) volunteer service
B) expectancy theory
C) general management
D) scientific management

Question 10

Which instrument is used to measure human personalities?

A) hierarchy of needs
B) Herzberg's motivators
C) Myers-Briggs-type indicator
D) McClelland's situational leadership grid

Question 11

Worth suggests nonprofits have an advantage over for-profit companies in ______.

A) motivating their workforces
B) providing competitive salaries
C) providing benefits to their workforces
D) helping staff members climb the ranks within the organization

Question 12

A study conducted by the Corporation for National and Community Service found that participation in volunteer activities ______ in 2015.

A) decreased
B) increased slightly
C) grew dramatically
D) remained stagnant

Question 13

According to Worth, volunteer program managers should develop volunteer ______.

A) career paths
B) salary tables
C) loyalty pledges
D) job descriptions

Question 14

According to Rehberg, volunteers who do not expect to receive some type of personal benefit for their contributions are an example of ______ volunteering.

A) old
B) new
C) traditional
D) instrumental

Question 15

Which theory states workers are not concerned about the organization's needs?

A) path-goal
B) Theory X
C) Theory Z
D) hierarchy of needs

Question 16

A nonprofit organization is advertising for volunteers to distribute water bottles to runners participating in an annual marathon. What type of volunteer does the organization need?

A) spot
B) regular
C) episodic
D) mandated

Question 17

A volunteer is working with an organization by participating in a video teleconference call. This scenario is an example of what type of volunteer?

A) spot
B) policy
C) virtual
D) episodic

Question 18

Maslow explains that people come to the workplace ______.

A) encouraged
B) already motivated
C) with ambivalence
D) ready to be motivated

Question 19

Which theorist did not place emphasis on human psychology?

A) Taylor
B) Follett
C) Maslow
D) McClelland

Question 20

An organization that draws strength by bringing together people of different backgrounds embraces ______.

A) diversity
B) voluntarism
C) hygiene factors
D) operant conditioning

Question 21

Research studies indicate managers who want to keep volunteers should provide them work deadlines.

Question 22

A volunteer program manager usually hires the first person who applies for a volunteer position. The manager is practicing ______ recruitment.

A) targeted
B) marginal
C) warm body
D) discriminating

Question 23

Nonprofit organizations may be held liable for discriminatory practices applied by outsourced suppliers.

Question 24

A marginal volunteer is one who is mandated to volunteer.

Question 25

It is important for volunteer managers to first form the structure of a volunteer program.

Question 26

One way to effectively manage volunteers is to be aware of what motivates them.

Question 27

Federal employment laws do not apply to nonprofit staff.

Question 28

The Hawthorne plant experiments indicated that worker performance was not influenced by the attention of supervisors.

Question 29

A volunteer program manager is a member of the baby boom generation but realizes management styles may need to be adjusted when working with younger volunteers. The program manager is applying which best practice recommended by Denhardt? Managers ______.

A) should make the work satisfying
B) do not have to work with younger volunteers
C) should participate in setting clear and challenging goals
D) should be reflective and proactive about their own motivation

Question 30

Frederick Taylor's theory emphasizes procedures with people operating as machines.

Question 31

A volunteer reached a high level of confidence through his/her work at a nonprofit organization. However, the volunteer is losing this sense of confidence because the organization may soon close. The volunteer's loss of motivation may be explained using ______ theory.

A) Erikson's life stages
B) scientific management
C) McClelland's three needs
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 32

Volunteers are best assigned to work that ______.

A) does not need to be done daily
B) is the responsibility of the paid staff
C) requires much supervision and attention
D) requires the volunteer to be frequently on-site

Question 33

A nonprofit organization does not hire staff working at a nearby assisted-living facility but does hire staff working at a nearby senior retirement community. This nonprofit organization may be practicing ______.

A) quotas
B) merit principles
C) disparate impact
D) affirmative action

Question 34

According to the Independent Sector, one hour of volunteer time contributed to a nonprofit organization in 2016 was worth ______.

A) $21.70
B) $22.55
C) $23.00
D) $24.14

Question 35

A chief executive officer (CEO) encourages the implementation of innovative ideas. The CEO is demonstrating a management style described in which theory?

A) Erikson's life cycles
B) McGregor's Theory Y
C) Herzberg's dissatisfiers
D) scientific management theory

Question 36

Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows human needs can move from higher to lower levels of need.

Question 37

A volunteer raised $100,000 for a nonprofit organization. The organization paid the volunteer a 10% commission as a reward for his efforts. Paying the volunteer a commission was a legal action.

Question 38

Generation Y individuals were influenced by the civil rights movement.

Question 39

Forbes and Zampelli's research indicates people who volunteer tend to ______.

A) hold high social status
B) be of similar ethnic groups
C) have common income levels
D) be members of social groups

Question 40

The Myers-Briggs indicator provides individuals with insights about their own preferences.

Question 41

Explain why formal volunteer policies are important.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the terms intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Provide examples of how each type of motivation may apply to nonprofit organizations.

Question 43

Some scholars suggest individuals participating in voluntourism benefit more than the individuals the programs are designed to help. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your position.

Question 44

Study some sample volunteer job descriptions. Then create a prioritized list identifying what qualifications you believe are the most important for volunteers to have.

Question 45

Identify and explain Ellis' three questions managers should ask when designing work tasks for volunteer workers.

Question 46

Explain and provide examples of the three principal needs of managers, as identified by McClelland.

Question 47

Analyze and explain why some scholars challenge Herzberg's findings regarding the factors of motivation. Are his findings supported by what is observed in nonprofit organizations? Explain.

Question 48

Explain why people volunteer.

Question 49

Identify three types of volunteers and provide an example of a volunteer opportunity suited to each type.

Question 50

Gaining the ability to be selective in choosing volunteers offers the organization at least two advantages. Identify each advantage and apply each advantage to an example.