Deck 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Question 1

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgements concerning objects,people,or events.

A)Attitude
B)Behaviour
C)Appearance
D)Demeanour

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes?

A)congruity
B)tenacity
C)solidarity
D)incompatibility

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If attitudes and behaviour are inconsistent,individuals will most likely:

A)change their behaviour.
B)change their attitudes.
C)change either their behaviour or their attitudes.
D)do nothing.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Julie recently joined a youth centre as a counsellor who provides support services for teenage mothers.An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics,should they decide to take advantage of such services.This aspect of her work,however,conflicts with her religious beliefs.Her manager,Kyle,is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time,but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job.Which of the following best explains this situation?

A)Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals.
B)Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life.
C)Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.
D)Julie is unable to empathise with the teenagers who visit the youth centre.

Question 5

The statement 'my pay is poor' reflects the ________ component of an attitude.

A)behavioural
B)reactive
C)affective
D)cognitive

Question 6

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?

A)I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job.
B)I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline.
C)I feel upset about having to work during Christmas.
D)This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.

Question 7

The ________ component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something.

A)affective
B)evaluative
C)cognitive
D)behavioural

Question 8

Brian runs a lawn-mowing business in the suburbs of Melbourne.He employs five workers,each of whom operates their own independent garden maintenance unit comprising of a utility truck in assorted lawn-mowing equipment. Martin has worked for Brian for seven years.Martin tells his wife how much he loves the autonomy of his job and his attitude to his work.Martin is expressing the ________ component.

A)evaluative
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)affective

Question 9

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes is termed:

A)rational decision making.
B)self-perception.
C)self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 10

Julia owns a bakery in Melbourne.She has four employees who have unique positions: one works as a baker,one applies decorations to the cakes,one works at the counter helping customers,and one markets their catering business. Evie has worked at the counter for six months.She complains to the other workers that she works harder for the amount of income she receives.In this attitude to her work,Evie is expressing the ________ component.

A)evaluative
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)affective

Question 11

Mrs Jonas believes strongly that everyone has an obligation to protect the environment.Mrs Jonas works for a pig farm in the Hunter Valley and has just discovered that pig waste is being released into the river. Mrs Jonas comes to you for an explanation of why she is uncomfortable.To explain,you would probably use the theory of:
A)cognitive dissonance.

A)moderating variables.
B)behavioural components.
C)affective attitudes.

Question 12

Jan is a security officer.Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time.She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they have lunch,which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office.Jan becomes frustrated with those employees.She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. Which of the following options describes the order in which Jan experienced the three components of attitude?

A)behavioural,cognitive,affective
B)cognitive,affective,behavioural
C)affective,behavioural,cognitive
D)cognitive,behavioural,affective

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an attitude that is considered in the study of organisational behaviour?

A)job involvement
B)organisational commitment
C)job productivity
D)job satisfaction

Question 14

The ________ component of an attitude reflects the belief in the way things are.

A)behavioural
B)reactive
C)affective
D)cognitive

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a moderating variable in the relationship between attitudes and behaviours?

A)the rewards inherent in maintaining the dissonance
B)the influence we believe we have
C)the importance of the attitude
D)the fundamental values of the attitude

Question 16

Mrs Jonas believes strongly that everyone has an obligation to protect the environment.Mrs Jonas works for a pig farm in the Hunter Valley and has just discovered that pig waste is being released into the river. Mrs Jonas is experiencing:

A)evaluative attitude.
B)employee engagement.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)peer pressure.

Question 17

Mrs Jonas believes strongly that everyone has an obligation to protect the environment.Mrs Jonas works for a pig farm in the Hunter Valley and has just discovered that pig waste is being released into the river. Mrs Jonas can be expected to relieve the discomfort she is experiencing by:

A)considering the importance of the issue.
B)considering how much influence she has.
C)considering the rewards of keeping the dissonance.
D)all of the above.

Question 18

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude is known as the ________ component.

A)evaluative
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)affective

Question 19

The statement,'A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards' is an evaluative statement.Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.
A)behavioural

A)cognitive
B)affective
C)reactive

Question 20

Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs,which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays,dyes,ointments,soaps,and the like.She joined the firm straight after university and has been working there for two years. Which of the following,if true,would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?

A)She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence.
B)She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
C)She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree at university.
D)She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor.

Question 21

Job satisfaction is best defined as a(an):

A)value.
B)attitude.
C)behaviour.
D)commitment.

Question 22

Santha runs a small boutique advertising agency.It is important to her that her employees maintain a high level of job satisfaction at all times so that they focus on organisational issues and provide high levels of creativity. Santha wants to use a tool to measure her employees' level of job satisfaction that will assist her to identify and solve any issues quickly and accurately.Which is the most appropriate tool for her to use?

A)the dual global rating method
B)the summation of job facets method
C)the single global rating method
D)the accumulation of job facets method

Question 23

Job involvement is best defined as a worker's:

A)need to participate in organisational activities.
B)general attitude towards the job.
C)identification with the job.
D)loyalty to the organisation.

Question 24

Craig,Jenna and Sarah all work for the same accounting firm.Craig is generally happy about his job.Jenna believes that her role is very important within the firm and is proud of her own high performance levels.She firmly believes in maintaining the integrity of her work.Sarah,on the other hand,feels strongly about her membership with the firm.When she meets old acquaintances outside her work,she is always eager to tell them about her firm.She is also keen to attend any functions held by the firm. Craig's situation is an example of:

A)job satisfaction.
B)organisational commitment.
C)job involvement.
D)perceived organisational support.

Question 25

When Mathilda's attitude is positive towards her job,she has:

A)job involvement.
B)values.
C)job satisfaction.
D)organisational commitment.

Question 26

A popular measure of job satisfaction that is not very time-consuming is the:

A)commitment scale.
B)job involvement scale.
C)single global rating.
D)summation of job facets.

Question 27

Research shows that employees with strong perceived organisational support are more likely to have all of the following EXCEPT:

A)higher levels of organisational citizenship behaviours.
B)lower levels of tardiness.
C)stronger leadership ability.
D)better customer service.

Question 28

The degree to which employees believe they are valued by their organisation and that it will care about their well-being is:

A)employee engagement.
B)psychological empowerment.
C)organisational commitment.
D)perceived organisational support.

Question 29

Research shows that people perceive their organisation as supportive when:

A)employees have a voice in decisions.
B)rewards are abundant.
C)they see their supervisors as political leaders.
D)none of the above.

Question 30

__________ represents the degree to which employees identify with their employer,the goals of the organisation and their desire to maintain membership in the organisation.

A)Psychological empowerment
B)Job satisfaction
C)Perceived organisational support
D)Organisational commitment

Question 31

A popular measure of job satisfaction that is sophisticated and accurate is the:

A)commitment scale.
B)job involvement scale.
C)single global rating.
D)summation of job facets.

Question 32

The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work.He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent.One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities.What assumption is the manager making?

A)Employees feel that their efforts are not being adequately recognised by the management.
B)Employees are highly skilled and value economic rewards over and above opportunities for growth.
C)Employees are stifled by the degree of centralised control and bureaucracy within the organisation.
D)Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a measurement of average job satisfaction levels?

A)comfort
B)supervision
C)training
D)pay

Question 34

Craig,Jenna and Sarah all work for the same accounting firm.Craig is generally happy about his job.Jenna believes that her role is very important within the firm and is proud of her own high performance levels.She firmly believes in maintaining the integrity of her work.Sarah,on the other hand,feels strongly about her membership with the firm.When she meets old acquaintances outside her work,she is always eager to tell them about her firm.She is also keen to attend any functions held by the firm. Sarah's situation is an example of:

A)job satisfaction.
B)organisational commitment.
C)job involvement.
D)perceived organisational support.

Question 35

An employee's assessment of his or her satisfaction is:

A)a collection of attitudes and behaviours.
B)a complex collection of many discrete elements.
C)difficult and expensive to measure.
D)irrelevant to actual work outcomes.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is TRUE about measuring job satisfaction?

A)The single global rating system is not very time consuming.
B)The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees.
C)The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems.
D)The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question.

Question 37

A person who experiences positive feelings about their job is experiencing:

A)job involvement.
B)job satisfaction.
C)organisational commitment.
D)job stability.

Question 38

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about organisational commitment?

A)Positive relationships exist between organisational commitment and productivity.
B)The relationship between commitment and performance is higher for new employees.
C)Reduction in commitment leads to lower levels of creative performance.
D)Employees who are committed will tend to show lower levels of attendance.

Question 39

The degree to which a person identifies with their job,actively participates in it and considers 'their' performance important to self-worth is:

A)job involvement.
B)job satisfaction.
C)organisational commitment.
D)job stability.

Question 40

Craig,Jenna and Sarah all work for the same accounting firm.Craig is generally happy about his job.Jenna believes that her role is very important within the firm and is proud of her own high performance levels.She firmly believes in maintaining the integrity of her work.Sarah,on the other hand,feels strongly about her membership with the firm.When she meets old acquaintances outside her work,she is always eager to tell them about her firm.She is also keen to attend any functions held by the firm. Jenna's situation is an example of:

A)job satisfaction.
B)organisational commitment.
C)job involvement.
D)perceived organisational support.

Question 41

Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth,an environmental organisation.Every month,his organisation arranges a team outing where they play disc golf,soccer,and participate in relays and other team-building activities.The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events.According to the information given in this case,which of the following is most likely to be the reason for Galvan's high level of satisfaction towards his job?

A)social environment
B)promotion and growth
C)constructive dismissal
D)profile of work

Question 42

Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction?

A)Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries.
B)Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries.
C)Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.
D)Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living.

Question 43

In Indonesia,comfortable living occurs at about $30,000.Based on the measurement of comfortable living,which of the following is most likely to be true?

A)People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs.
B)People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000.
C)People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.
D)People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000.

Question 44

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan and Toni are good friends who work at Acme,yet they seem to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem.Toni is dealing with her dissatisfaction through:

A)loyalty.
B)voice.
C)neglect.
D)exit.

Question 45

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism?

A)There is a consistent positive relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism.
B)No relationship can be established between satisfaction and absenteeism.
C)Liberal sick leave policies reduce absence among satisfied employees.
D)There is a consistent negative relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism.

Question 46

Not trying very hard as a response to job dissatisfaction would be what type of response?

A)exit
B)loyalty
C)voice
D)neglect

Question 47

Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Adelaide.During her first month on the job,she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations.Which of the following did she most likely do?

A)mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence
B)expressed dissatisfaction with the nature of work
C)set less ambiguous goals and objectives
D)gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties

Question 48

Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her.She has quit her job and found a new position with another firm.She has expressed her dissatisfaction through:

A)exit.
B)neglect.
C)loyalty.
D)voice.

Question 49

________ refers to an organisation's self-regulated actions to benefit society or the environment beyond what is required by law.

A)Emissions accountability
B)Sustainability level
C)Philanthropy profile
D)Corporate social responsibility

Question 50

Steve is unhappy with his job.He takes every possible annual leave and sick day and sometimes shows up for work late.He is expressing his dissatisfaction by:

A)loyalty.
B)exit.
C)voice.
D)neglect.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)There is a weak correlation between happiness and productivity.
B)Happy workers are generally productive workers.
C)Organisations with fewer satisfied employees tend to be less effective than organisations with more satisfied employees.
D)Organisations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective than organisations with fewer satisfied employees.

Question 52

Core self-evaluations are:

A)cognitive-based conclusions people make about themselves regarding their capabilities,competence and worth as a person.
B)bottom-line conclusions people have about their capabilities,competence and worth as a person.
C)emotional conclusions people make about their capabilities,competence and worth as a person.
D)psychological conclusions people make about themselves regarding their capabilities,competence and worth as a person.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
B)Satisfied employees are more prone to absenteeism.
C)Organisations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective.
D)The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover is stronger than between job satisfaction and absenteeism.

Question 54

Gareth is dissatisfied with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do the right thing.Gareth has decided that if he just waits,conditions will improve.Gareth's approach to this problem is termed:

A)exit.
B)loyalty.
C)neglect.
D)voice.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to motivation and job satisfaction?

A)The things that motivate us are the same as what makes us happy.
B)Money is most likely to make you happy.
C)The things that motivate us are not always the same as what makes us happy.
D)Money is most likely to make you unhappy.

Question 56

Quietly continuing to do your work,even though you're dissatisfied,is what type of response to dissatisfaction?

A)voice
B)loyalty
C)neglect
D)exit

Question 57

________ is moderately correlated with organisational citizenship behaviour.

A)Job satisfaction
B)Absenteeism
C)Turnover rate
D)Cognitive dissonance

Question 58

Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that:

A)promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction.
B)employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback.
C)job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction.
D)personality plays a role in job satisfaction.

Question 59

Attending union meetings as a response to job dissatisfaction would be what type of response?

A)loyalty
B)neglect
C)voice
D)exit

Question 60

People who find their work as more fulfilling and challenging are likely to have ________ core self-evaluations.

A)positive
B)internal
C)negative
D)external

Question 61

A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organisational performance.In order to improve organisational effectiveness,managers must:

A)use 360-degrees appraisal procedures
B)provide classroom training
C)make jobs easier and targets achievable
D)try to improve employee attitudes.

Question 62

Why is it difficult to analyse the three components of an attitude separately? Provide a workplace example that demonstrates the three components.

Question 63

Discuss the cognitive dissonance theory.How do individuals seek consistency among their attitudes,and between their attitudes and their behaviour?

Question 64

To get his company through some hard economic times,Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33.Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay,but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve and he can go back to working full time.Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben?

A)voice
B)neglect
C)loyalty
D)exit

Question 65

Should managers focus more on job involvement than job satisfaction or organisational commitment? Explain your answer.

Question 66

Compare and contrast job satisfaction,job involvement and organisational commitment.

Question 67

Jonathan is a scientist for a local manufacturer that employs a large percentage of the small town where he lives.Until recently,Jonathan loved his job.However,it has been discovered that the company is releasing small amounts of toxins into the local river.Jonathan is extremely bothered by this information.Based on what you know about Jonathan,describe the cognitive dissonance that he is experiencing and two ways that Jonathan can alter his behaviour or attitude to reduce the dissonance.

Question 68

When debating with a co-worker the need for different types of job attitudes,what is your response?

Question 69

Rachel,a sales executive at a bank,earns $35,000 a year.Her company often allows her to work her schedule around her daughter's school athletic events.She believes in the goals of her organisation and works hard towards achieving them.Rachel's husband,Peter,has recently joined an engineering firm as a designer.He earns $75,000 a year.His job involves working long hours from Monday to Friday,and his work is often stressful.But he enjoys his work and is passionate about the projects he works on.Due to Peter's time constraints,his wife,Rachel,attends all their children's school events.How would you compare Rachel and Peter's levels of job satisfaction? Describe how you would measure their satisfaction level if the level of comfortable living in their country is $40,000.In addition,name at least three major job attitudes that play a part in each of their satisfaction levels.

Question 70

Why is it that the relationship between pay and job satisfaction almost disappears when the pay equals or exceeds a comfortable living amount? Explain your answer.

Question 71

Consider the 'Ethical Choice: Office Talk' section of this chapter.If you were the person doing the listening,how would you react to the office talker's behaviour,and why? Furthermore,assess whether or not a given reaction is the 'best' way to deal with every situation involving office talkers.

Question 72

What are the three components of an attitude?

Question 73

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan and Toni are good friends who work at Acme,yet they seem to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestions for improving conditions.Susan is dealing with her dissatisfaction through:

A)voice.
B)exit.
C)neglect.
D)loyalty.

Question 74

Is any particular cause of job satisfaction more important than the others? If so,why? If not,why not?

Question 75

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with working conditions,salary and the general attitude of management.Mark,Susan and Toni are good friends who work at Acme,yet they seem to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so.Mark is dealing with his dissatisfaction through:

A)loyalty.
B)exit.
C)voice.
D)neglect.

Question 76

What can explain the phenomenon that job dissatisfaction occurs in some jobs that do not pay low salaries?

Question 77

Are any particular components of an attitude more important to workplace harmony,job satisfaction,or an otherwise 'good' workplace than any other? Explain your answer.

Question 78

Describe a workplace example of how people seek consistency among their attitudes and their behaviour by reducing cognitive dissonance.Then,sort your example into the three main components of attitudes.

Question 79

What are the major causes of job satisfaction?

Question 80

Explain how psychological empowerment affects job involvement.