Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?

A)globus pallidus
B)substantia nigra
C)putamen
D)lentiform nucleus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the .

A)cranial nerves would not form
B)spinal cord may be affected
C)telencephalon would cease development
D)hindbrain would not be present

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A)parieto- occipital fissure
B)central fissure
C)lateral fissure
D)longitudinal fissure

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

A)corpora quadrigemina
B)cerebral peduncles
C)third ventricle
D)red nucleus

Question 5

Which statement about coma is true?

A)Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.
B)Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem structures.
C)Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
D)During coma,brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.

Question 6

The arbor vitae refers to .

A)the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
B)flocculonodular nodes
C)cerebellar gray matter
D)cerebellar white matter

Question 7

Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?

A)inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
B)regulating attention and cognition
C)initiating protective reflex actions
D)controlling starting and stopping movements

Question 8

The primary auditory cortex is located in the .

A)frontal lobe
B)parietal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)prefrontal lobe

Question 9

The brain stem consists of the .

A)cerebrum,pons,midbrain,and medulla
B)pons,medulla,cerebellum,and midbrain
C)midbrain,medulla,and pons
D)midbrain only

Question 10

Which statement is not true?

A)Ten- year- olds are in REM sleep about 1.5- 2 hours per night.
B)Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
C)Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood,level off,then decline again in old age.
D)Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.

Question 11

Tremor at rest,shuffling gait,stooped posture,and expressionless face are characteristics of .

A)Huntington's disease
B)spinal cord disease
C)cerebellar disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 12

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A)swelling
B)contusion
C)concussion
D)hemorrhage

Question 13

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A)arachnoid and epidura
B)dura and epidura
C)arachnoid and pia
D)arachnoid and dura

Question 14

Neural tracts that convey life- saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be .

A)anterior spinothalamic
B)posterior spinothalamic
C)reticulospinal
D)lateral spinothalamic

Question 15

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the .

A)medulla
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)thalamus

Question 16

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called .

A)ganglia
B)fissures
C)gyri
D)sulci

Question 17

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A)Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma,stroke,infection,and tumor.
B)Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and are often severely disabling.
C)The aura in tonic- clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
D)During seizures,sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.

Question 18

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the _.

A)upper motor neurons
B)neuromotor junction
C)lower motor neurons
D)spinal nerve roots

Question 19

Second- order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the .

A)spinal cord
B)somatosensory cortex
C)thalamus
D)medulla

Question 20

The white matter of the spinal cord contains .

A)unmyelinated nerve fibers only
B)soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
C)myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
D)myelinated nerve fibers only

Question 21

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the .

A)thalamus
B)limbic system
C)reticular formation
D)pyramids

Question 22

Brain wave amplitude .

A)reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
B)results from subtraction of delta waves from theta waves
C)is an average of about 1 V
D)is the measure of activity of specific individual neurons

Question 23

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a .

A)furrow
B)sulcus
C)fissure
D)gyrus

Question 24

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing,with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles,might suggest damage to the _ .

A)spinal cord
B)primary motor cortex
C)premotor cortex
D)rubrospinal tracts

Question 25

The hypothalamus .

A)has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure
B)is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
C)is an important auditory and visual relay center
D)mediates sensations

Question 26

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except .

A)loss of proprioception
B)loss of body temperature control
C)production of excessive quantities of urine
D)pathologic sleep

Question 27

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A)ependymal cells
B)epithelial cells
C)neurons
D)astrocytes

Question 28

Which of the following is not a function of the CSF?

A)reduction of brain weight
B)nourishment of the brain
C)protection from blows
D)initiation of some nerve impulses

Question 29

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A)temporal from parietal
B)parietal from occipital
C)frontal from temporal
D)frontal from parietal

Question 30

Declarative memory .

A)usually involves motor skills
B)is hard to unlearn when learned once
C)is best remembered in the doing
D)is the ability to learn specific information

Question 31

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called .

A)automatic memory
B)consolidation
C)rehearsal
D)long- term memory

Question 32

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the .

A)central sulcus
B)lateral sulcus
C)cranial fossa
D)longitudinal fissure

Question 33

Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?

A)Beta
B)Alpha
C)Delta
D)Theta

Question 34

REM sleep is associated with .

A)decreased activity of the brain,especially the cerebral cortex
B)decreased vital signs,such as heart rate and blood pressure
C)decreased oxygen use,especially in the cerebral cortex
D)temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles

Question 35

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in .

A)the thalamus
B)sympathetic ganglia
C)the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
D)the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

Question 36

Spinocerebellar tracts .

A)are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
B)carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
C)give rise to conscious experience of perception
D)terminate in the spinal cord

Question 37

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are _ _.

A)pyramidal and corticospinal
B)supplementary and cerebellar- pontine
C)extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
D)segmental and nigrostriatal

Question 38

Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

A)prefrontal cortex
B)medulla
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala

Question 39

Broca's area .

A)is usually found in the right hemisphere
B)is considered a motor speech area
C)corresponds to Brodmann's area 8
D)serves the recognition of complex objects

Question 40

The blood- brain barrier is effective against _ .

A)anesthetics
B)nutrients such as glucose
C)alcohol
D)metabolic waste such as urea

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A)visceral command center
B)executive suite
C)motor command center
D)decussation center

Question 42

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the
.

Question 43

Which of the following is are)involved with motor activity either initiation or coordination)?

A)Wernicke's area
B)postcentral gyrus
C)gustatory cortex
D)red nuclei

Question 44

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

A)Damage to the visual association area results in blindness.
B)Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.
C)Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.
D)Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch,loudness,and location.

Question 45

Nuclei of cranial nerves V,VI,and VII are found in the .

A)cerebrum
B)medulla
C)pons
D)midbrain

Question 46

Which part of the brain functions to filter out repetitive and/or unimportant stimuli?

Question 47

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect,cognition,recall,and personality?

A)limbic association area
B)prefrontal cortex
C)posterior association area
D)combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

Question 48

The anteriolateral pathways .

A)are also called the lemniscal system
B)are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
C)receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptor
D)are evolutionarily newer than the specific pathways

Question 49

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the .

A)visual association area
B)primary visual area
C)lateral geniculate body
D)calcarine cortex

Question 50

Important nuclei of the indirect multineural)system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the .

A)reticular nuclei
B)red nuclei
C)vestibular nuclei
D)superior colliculi

Question 51

Describe the main ideas of the holistic processing school of thought,relative to consciousness.

Question 52

The includes the thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus.

Question 53

The fourth ventricle is continuous with the of the spinal cord.

Question 54

Which association regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate?

A)sensory- medial
B)motor- anterior
C)motor- medial
D)sensory- anterior

Question 55

Describe the cause of hydrocephalus and explain why this condition is much more serious in adults than in newborns.

Question 56

The structures that are valvelike and protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood are the _ .

Question 57

The vital centers for the control of heart rate,respiration,and blood pressure are located in the .

A)midbrain
B)cerebrum
C)medulla
D)pons

Question 58

What is the limbic system?

Question 59

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A)protein
B)potassium
C)glucose
D)red blood cells

Question 60

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the horn.

Question 61

In stage 3 sleep,and waves appear.

Question 62

List factors that can enhance the transfer of information from short- term memory to long- term memory.

Question 63

Which white matter tracts connect the cerebrum to the lower brain areas?

Question 64

Describe the role of the reticular activating system in cortical arousal and stimulation.

Question 65

What is the cauda equina and why is it given this name?

Question 66

rhythm is a 24- hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness.

Question 67

How do scientists hope the discovery of drugs such as NMDA antagonists and calcium channel blockers will improve the outlook for stroke patients?

Question 68

What is the importance of the fact that the outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is convoluted?

Question 69

Differentiate clearly between short- term and long- term memory.

Question 70

The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain is the _ .

Question 71

The is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei for cranial nerves V- VII.

Question 72

The is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged,the past is lost.

Question 73

Which brain areas lack a blood- brain barrier,and what purpose does this absence serve?

Question 74

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the .

Question 75

is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly.

Question 76

What might be a cause of dyslexia?

Question 77

memory requires practice,and is remembered by doing.

Question 78

The is a protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain.

Question 79

The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the .