Deck 13: Understanding Individual Behaviour

Question 1

Attitudes are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

U.S. workers are more likely to have an external locus of control than Iranian workers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Studies of workers in the Middle East found that Lebanon and Morocco score highest on satisfaction.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In the Big Five Model, emotional security was positively related to job performance.

Question 5

Whenever possible, a manager should put people who share cultural variables together in certain work settings to avoid miscommunication.

Question 6

One of the challenges in understanding organizational behavior is that it addresses issues that aren't obvious.

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance theory seeks to explain the correlated relationship between the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes.

Question 8

Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty because they are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and responsive.

Question 9

People from Middle Eastern countries believe they can dominate their environment.

Question 10

Many management researchers believe that the impact of national culture on people's behavior is minimal.

Question 11

Individuals try to reconcile differing attitudes and align their attitudes and behavior so they appear rational and consistent.

Question 12

Research into the relationship between satisfaction and turnover shows that satisfied employees have lower levels of turnover while dissatisfied employees have higher levels of turnover.

Question 13

A person who rates as being high in Machiavellianism would accomplish a task regardless of what it takes.

Question 14

The Big Five Model found that calm and secure workers performed better than nervous ones.

Question 15

Organizational behavior is primarily concerned with group interactions.

Question 16

As in other parts of the world, studies in some Arab contexts have reaffirmed the positive relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Question 17

A low self- monitoring employee would not adjust well to self- sent signals, but would respond well to signals in his or her external environment.

Question 18

Employees with high self- esteem tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those with low self- esteem.

Question 19

The Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®) lacks evidence to support its validity.

Question 20

Turnover is the failure to report to work.

Question 21

Behavior is shaped by systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves the individual closer to the desired behavior

Question 22

In stereotyping, the observer's perception of others is influenced by the observer's own characteristics, rather than by those of the person observed.

Question 23

Distinctiveness refers to whether an individual displays a behavior in many situations or whether it is particular to one situation.

Question 24

A human resource director believes that married employees are more stable than single persons are. This is an example of the halo similarity.

Question 25

One of the goals of organizational behavior is to behavior.

A) identify
B) influence
C) examine
D) create

Question 26

Which of the following is not associated with the study of individuals?

A) perception
B) roles
C) attitudes
D) motivation

Question 27

According to Holland's Typology, enterprising types tend to be self- confident, ambitious, energetic, and domineering.

Question 28

According to Holland's Typology, farming is considered a conventional job type.

Question 29

Operant conditioning argues that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Question 30

Recent reports about Arab youth indicate that religion is important to many of them, and that their ties with religious institutions are getting stronger.

Question 31

Attribution is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Question 32

Organizational behavior focuses on group behavior and .

A) individual behavior
B) departmental performance
C) financial performance
D) societal influences

Question 33

According to Holland's Typology, a realistic personality type might be well- suited to being an economist.

Question 34

Research shows that only responsive actions to negative behaviors are needed.

Question 35

A common behavior that is typically studied in organizational behavior is _ .

A) individualism
B) risk taking
C) job satisfaction
D) pay satisfaction

Question 36

Organizational behavior provides managers with considerable insights into hidden aspects of the organization, which include .

A) strategies
B) structure
C) informal interactions
D) policies and procedures

Question 37

The influence that models have on an individual is fully determined by attentional processes.

Question 38

If a manager thinks that all attractive employees are also productive employees, the manager is committing an error based on a halo effect.

Question 39

The "Arab millennial" generation can be defined as the individuals born from the late 1970s to 2000.

Question 40

Which of the following is associated with the study of individuals?

A) norms
B) perception
C) team building
D) roles

Question 41

Studies in the Arab world found that workers in scored highest on job satisfaction.

A) Oman and Jordan
B) Bahrain and Saudi Arabia
C) Kuwait and Qatar
D) Lebanon and Morocco

Question 42

The component of attitude that is made up of beliefs and opinions is _.

A) affective
B) cognitive
C) practices
D) behavioral

Question 43

is a performance measure of both efficiency and effectiveness of employees.

A) Job satisfaction
B) Turnover
C) Employee productivity
D) Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 44

Which of the following cases contains an element that may lead a politician to correct cognitive dissonance?

A) The politician has the power to pass legislation to keep the spotted owl from extinction.
B) The politician will get reelected for ignoring the needs of the spotted owl.
C) A politician does not really care if the spotted owl lives or becomes extinct.
D) The politician grew up in the city.

Question 45

In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 P.M. and is scary to drive, so I'll wait until 7 P.M. to go home," the phrase, "so I'll wait until 7 P.M. to go home," represents which component of an attitude?

A) behavioral
B) emotive
C) affective
D) cognitive

Question 46

When someone chooses to act in a certain way, s/he is demonstrating the _ component of their attitude.

A) affective
B) practices
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 47

Usually, the term attitude refers only to the component.

A) behavioral
B) affective
C) emotive
D) cognitive

Question 48

What is not one way that workplace misbehavior shows up in organizations?

A) aggression
B) deviance
C) regression
D) antisocial behavior

Question 49

Which of the following is true about organizationally committed and satisfied employees?

A) higher rates of cognitive dissonance
B) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
C) much higher pay levels
D) higher rates of voluntary turnover

Question 50

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's .

A) global commitment
B) job involvement
C) job satisfaction
D) organizational commitment

Question 51

The three components that make up an attitude are _ .

A) knowledge, opinion, and individual history
B) cognitive, affective, and behavioral
C) traits, behavioral, and emotional
D) intention, opinion, and environment

Question 52

In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 P.M. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 P.M. to go home," the phrase, "The highway is very busy," represents which component of an attitude?

A) affective
B) behavioral
C) emotive
D) cognitive

Question 53

is the failure to report to work.

A) Turnover
B) Absenteeism
C) Negligence
D) Tardiness

Question 54

Because of globalization, managers are more interested in understanding the impact of on people's behavior.

A) regional economic blocs
B) strategic alliances between Arab companies
C) satellite news channels (such as Al- Jazeera and Alarabiya)
D) national culture

Question 55

The component of attitude is based on emotions.

A) practice
B) behavioral
C) affective
D) cognitive

Question 56

What does research evidence suggest about the statement, "Happy workers are productive workers"?

A) We can say with some certainty that the correlation between satisfaction and productivity is fairly strong.
B) There is strong supportive evidence since the Hawthorne Studies.
C) It's false. Instead, productive workers are least happy.
D) There is no relationship between the two variables.

Question 57

The cognitive dissonance theory proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by .

A) stability, position, and power
B) awareness, status, and punishments
C) economics, politics, and organizational structure
D) importance, influence, and rewards

Question 58

In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 P.M., and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 P.M. to go home," the word "scary" represents which component of an attitude?

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) affective
D) emotive

Question 59

is employees' general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well- being.

A) Organizational commitment
B) Job involvement
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Perceived organizational support

Question 60

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain its membership in the organization is the employees' .

A) global commitment
B) organizational commitment
C) job involvement
D) organizational citizenship

Question 61

The MBTI® assesses preferences for decision making as .

A) feeling or thinking
B) extrovert or introvert
C) agreeable or disagreeable
D) sensing or intuitive

Question 62

A manager who takes very little time to make a decision probably has .

A) external locus of control
B) high risktaking
C) low self- monitoring
D) high self- esteem

Question 63

The Big Five Model of personality includes all of the following except .

A) extroversion
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) social interaction

Question 64

Employees who have a high internal locus of control .

A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs
B) blame their bosses for poor performance
C) are more alienated from their work setting
D) are less involved in their jobs

Question 65

is the unique combination of psychological traits that describe a person.

A) Intelligence
B) Psychology
C) Behavior
D) Personality

Question 66

If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably score high on what aspect of the MBTI®?

A) extrovert
B) feeling
C) sensing
D) perceptive

Question 67

A person who believes that "the ends justify the means" would describe a person who has a high level of what personality trait?

A) self- confidence
B) locus of control
C) Machiavellianism
D) self- monitoring

Question 68

As a manager, if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike reprimanding your subordinates, you would probably score high on what aspect of the MBTI®?

A) feeling
B) intuitive
C) introvert
D) sensing

Question 69

The regular use of can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intentions early enough to do something about them.

A) job satisfaction surveys
B) rewards
C) attitude surveys
D) attitude components

Question 70

In the Big Five Model of personality, refers to the degree to which someone is good- natured, cooperative, and trusting.

A) emotional stability
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) extraversion

Question 71

People with high self- esteem .

A) take fewer risks than others
B) are susceptible to external influence
C) choose more unconventional jobs
D) have low expectations for success but are happy with themselves

Question 72

If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having a(n) _.

A) low Machiavellianism score
B) internal locus of control
C) high self- esteem
D) external locus of control

Question 73

A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has .

A) high self- monitoring
B) low self- esteem
C) high risk- taking
D) internal locus of control

Question 74

On the MBTI®, if you are a good planner, you would probably score high on .

A) judgmental
B) thinking
C) intuitive
D) extrovert

Question 75

If you believe that you control your own destiny, then your personality would be described as having a(n) .

A) high self- esteem
B) internal locus of control
C) high Machiavellianism score
D) external locus of control

Question 76

Emotional intelligence has been shown to be .

A) negatively related to job performance in middle management only
B) positively related to job performance at all levels
C) positively related to job performance only in government agencies
D) negatively related to job performance at all levels

Question 77

The MBTI® assesses style of making decisions as .

A) perceptive or judgmental
B) agreeable or disagreeable
C) extrovert or introvert
D) sensing or intuitive

Question 78

If you are a person who dislikes taking time for precision work, such as completing tax returns, you would probably score high on what aspect of the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®)?

A) judgmental
B) intuitive
C) feeling
D) extrovert

Question 79

An individual who is high in _ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.

A) self- monitoring
B) Machiavellianism
C) self- esteem
D) risktaking

Question 80

is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external situational factors.

A) Locus of control
B) Self- esteem
C) Self- monitoring
D) Machiavellianism