Deck 9: Nutritional Needs

Question 1

An 80-year-old patient has gout.Diet teaching should include the avoidance of alcohol and:

A) foods high in purine.
B) foods high in calcium.
C) foods high in phosphorous.
D) foods high in magnesium.

Answer 1

foods high in purine.

Question 2

An 82-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital from the long-term care facility with a diagnosis of pneumonia and dehydration.Her mental status is at baseline,she has dry mucous membranes,and she reports feeling "very tired." What is the first line of treatment for her?

A) Administer intravenous fluids with 0.9 sodium chloride at a minimum of 1 L/day.
B) Administer oral fluids at a minimum of 2 to 3 L of clear fluids.
C) Administer intravenous fluids with 0.9 sodium chloride at the rate of 1 L/hr.
D) Assess the patient's intake and output because this is the most accurate way of assessing fluid status.

Answer 2

Administer oral fluids at a minimum of 2 to 3 L of clear fluids.

Question 3

A 76-year-old patient has severe osteoarthritis of the right knee.She is experiencing significant pain and some decreased mobility.She consults an orthopedist who recommends weight reduction and refers her to a nutritionist.The rationale for the orthopedist's action is that:

A) obesity puts significant pressure on the major joints.
B) obesity is an absolute contraindication to joint replacement.
C) obesity predisposes an individual to develop osteoporosis.
D) obesity predisposes an individual to be intolerant to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Answer 3

obesity puts significant pressure on the major joints.

Question 4

The following are important in the management of diabetes in older adults except:

A) diet.
B) physical activity.
C) eliminating all sugars from the diet.
D) testing blood sugar regularly.

Question 5

A 75-year old resident in the nursing home has dementia and experiences a 10-pound weight loss over the course of 2 months.She has become increasingly difficult to feed.The resident often spits out food,pockets food in the corners of her mouth,and frequently drools.The resident's daughter is concerned about her mother's nutritional status.What is the initial action of the nurse?

A) Recommend to the physician that a gastric feeding tube be placed.
B) Recommend to the physician that a swallowing evaluation be done.
C) Amend the care plan to include vigorous feeding by the nursing assistants.
D) Do not be concerned because feeding issues are often a characteristic of end-stage dementia.

Question 6

A 78-year-old female is admitted to the long-term care facility after a hospitalization for pneumonia.She has a history of a right cerebrovascular accident and dysphagia.When preparing the room for this patient,what equipment is most important in the care of this patient?

A) A room close to the nursing station
B) An adjustable height bed that goes low to the floor
C) A suction machine
D) Oxygen at bedside

Question 7

Factors that make older adults more susceptible to dehydration than younger adults include the following except:

A) decreased percentage of body fat.
B) decreased percentage of body water.
C) decreased concentrating ability of kidneys.
D) decreased thirst sensation.

Question 8

A 74-year-old woman is seen in the geriatrician's office.She is prescribed calcium supplements.The nurse knows that the recommended daily dosage of calcium for older adult females is:

A) 1500 mg/day.
B) 1000 mg/day.
C) 2500 mg/day.
D) 3000 mg/day

Question 9

A 77-year-old client of the geriatric clinic has a history of coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia.You have developed a teaching plan using the National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP)and Healthy Heart Guidelines.The nurse practitioner added a lipid-lowering agent to his medication regimen.Which statement made by the client reflects that he has correctly understood your teaching?

A) "I am not allowed to have any fat in my diet at all."
B) "I need to limit the amount of saturated fats to less than 7% of my daily caloric intake."
C) "I need to limit the amount of polyunsaturated fats to approximately 50% of my daily caloric intake."
D) "Since I am taking a cholesterol drug I do not have to worry about my diet."

Question 10

A major cause of weight loss in residents of long-term care facilities is:

A) delirium.
B) depression.
C) dementia.
D) social isolation.

Question 11

The following are reliable methods to evaluate obesity except:

A) BMI (body mass index).
B) WHR (waist-hip ratio).
C) weight and height evaluation using a table of desirable weight.
D) weight greater than 150% of ideal body weight.

Question 12

Interventions to include when developing a care plan for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease include:

A) eating three large meals daily and avoiding eating between meals.
B) elevating the head of the bed or placing a wedge.
C) napping for 30 to 60 minutes following meals.
D) eating a high-fat diet.