Deck 10: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world.He MOST likely used:

A) heroin.
B) alcohol.
C) cocaine.
D) Xanax.

Answer 1

cocaine.

Question 2

Scientists have conducted breeding experiments by mating across generations nonhumans that prefer alcohol.What have these researchers found?

A) Alcohol preference is not genetic.
B) One or a few of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes but still more than the norm.
C) Generally,the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes.
D) The preference for alcohol is seen only in male subjects.

Answer 2

Generally,the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes.

Question 3

Barbara thought she was taking an aspirin,but became very nauseated later after drinking a glass of wine.It was then that she realized the pill was:

A) naloxone.
B) disulfiram.
C) naltrexone.
D) methadone.

Answer 3

disulfiram.

Question 4

Which of these is a feature of Alcoholics Anonymous?

A) peer support
B) residential services
C) controlled drinking
D) antagonistic medication

Question 5

Cocaine appears to produce its effects primarily through triggering the release of excessive amounts of _____ in the brain.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) norepinephrine
D) GABA

Question 6

A wounded veteran of the U.S.Civil War suffering from "soldiers' disease" MOST likely was suffering from:

A) morphine dependence.
B) THC-induced symptoms from wound binding made of hemp cloth.
C) alcohol dependence.
D) cirrhosis caused by drinking medicine dissolved in ethyl alcohol.

Question 7

Nick suffers from anxiety and he drinks to calm himself down.Researchers have found that _____ of all adults who suffer from psychological disorders also display substance use disorders.

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 30 percent

Question 8

A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug?

A) barbiturates
B) ethyl alcohol
C) amphetamines
D) opium

Question 9

Two people of the same gender consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time.Nevertheless,one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other.MOST likely,this difference is due to differences in:

A) food intake,specifically food eaten immediately after drinking concluded.
B) activity level while drinking; increased activity increases the metabolism rate.
C) liver function; some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than others' livers.
D) breathing rate; people who breathe more often can exhale the carbon dioxide by-product of alcohol metabolism faster.

Question 10

Which of these is a depressant?

A) opioids
B) cocaine
C) LSD
D) amphetamines

Question 11

In general,aversion therapy and contingency management for substance use disorders are more successful when:

A) the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue.
B) the behavioral treatments are not combined with other forms of treatment.
C) the focus of therapy is strictly behavioral (not cognitive-behavioral).
D) the clients are older than 18 years of age.

Question 12

Alcohol binds to receptors on neurons that normally receive:

A) norepinephrine.
B) serotonin.
C) dopamine.
D) GABA.

Question 13

The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone:

A) use increases the risk of contracting AIDS.
B) costs more than $50 a day per person treated.
C) produces withdrawal that is sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal.
D) needs to be taken several times per day according to a rigid schedule.

Question 14

Months after last taking a drug,a former drug abuser still has flashbacks to the sensory and emotional changes experienced during the experience.MOST likely,the abused substance was:

A) Ecstasy.
B) cannabis.
C) LSD.
D) a benzodiazepine.

Question 15

The perceptual distortions that some drugs produce are called:

A) intoxication.
B) substance dependence.
C) substance abuse.
D) hallucinosis.

Question 16

A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness but has not died.The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person,expressed as percent of blood volume,is:

A) 0.03.
B) 0.09.
C) 0.40.
D) 0.70.

Question 17

Which effect on a child has NOT been associated with maternal cocaine use during pregnancy?

A) enlarged heart
B) predispositions to later drug use
C) abnormalities in immune functioning
D) attention and learning deficits

Question 18

Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups than others,and generally are more common among some groups than among others.Together,these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance use disorders?

A) the sociocultural view
B) the biological view
C) the cognitive-behavioral view
D) the psychodynamic view

Question 19

Where do most people receive treatment for a substance use disorder?

A) a private physician's office
B) a self-help group
C) an inpatient rehabilitation center
D) an outpatient mental health center

Question 20

One longitudinal study found that men who develop alcoholism were initially MORE:

A) antisocial as adolescents.
B) aggressive as children.
C) impulsive as teenagers.
D) depressed as teenagers.

Question 21

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin,methadone is:

A) not a narcotic.
B) a central nervous system depressor.
C) non-habit forming.
D) a synthetic drug.

Question 22

Neelah is a long-time serious drinker.In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses.When this happens,she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember.This symptom is called:

A) confabulation.
B) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C) Wernicke's encephalopathy.
D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.

Question 23

Henry is drinking at a party.The first effects he experiences are changes in:

A) the language center.
B) judgment.
C) memory.
D) motor control.

Question 24

Self-help programs use _____ as evidence for their effectiveness.

A) longitudinal studies
B) laboratory experimentation
C) cross-sectional surveys
D) testimonials

Question 25

Benzodiazepines work in much the same way as:

A) alcohol.
B) nicotine.
C) LSD.
D) cannabis.

Question 26

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

A) narcotics.
B) endorphins.
C) depressants.
D) hallucinogens.

Question 27

Of the following,which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change?

A) Amphetamines
B) Alcohol
C) Cannabis
D) Barbiturates

Question 28

How long does delirium tremens (the DTs)last?

A) less than 24 hours
B) 2 or 3 days
C) about a week
D) up to 10 days

Question 29

Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension.A person with which view of substance abuse would MOST likely agree with this statement?

A) the biological view
B) the sociocultural view
C) the cognitive-behavioral view
D) the psychodynamic view

Question 30

Mary takes a drug and feels excited,energetic,and like she could take on the world.Those feelings fade in a few hours.Mary exhibited intoxication,which is actually a form of:

A) tolerance.
B) temporary change.
C) hallucination.
D) substance dependence.

Question 31

Internet use disorder MOST accurately refers to people who:

A) are online every day.
B) communicate primarily throughout online modes.
C) spend most of their recreational time online.
D) spend all or most of their waking hours online.

Question 32

Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards-and eventual release from the program-if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug.The program they are in is a form of:

A) behavioral self-control training (BSCT).
B) contingency management.
C) relapse-prevention training.
D) detoxification.

Question 33

In women,the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:

A) higher levels in the brain,making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated.
B) higher levels in the liver,making them more likely to develop cirrhosis.
C) lower levels in the fatty tissue,making them more likely to retain alcohol.
D) lower levels in the stomach,making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated.

Question 34

A heroin overdose is likely to occur in someone who:

A) takes heroin for a while,stops for a time,then starts again,taking the same amount he or she last took.
B) takes the same dose of heroin over a prolonged period.
C) gradually,but consistently,takes larger doses of heroin.
D) takes heroin for a long time and then begins using a lower than usual dose.

Question 35

An individual who has recently taken a drug angrily grabs some car keys and attempts to drive home.The person appears anxious,keeps bragging that driving the car won't really be that difficult,and states that he can do anything.MOST likely,that person is experiencing:

A) delirium tremens.
B) cocaine intoxication.
C) decreasing cross-tolerance.
D) hallucinosis.

Question 36

The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as:

A) cirrhosis.
B) hemorrhaging.
C) vasoconstriction.
D) Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 37

A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than directly stimulating it.The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:

A) alcohol.
B) opium.
C) marijuana.
D) cocaine.

Question 38

Alcohol is a factor in approximately _____ of all college dropouts.

A) half
B) one-third
C) one-fourth
D) one-tenth

Question 39

Priyanka took a drug 90 minutes ago.Now she sits alone quietly,intently looking at individual blades of grass that are a brilliant purple and intensely listening to the sap running in a nearby tree.The person MOST likely took the drug:

A) LSD.
B) cocaine.
C) marijuana.
D) methamphetamine.

Question 40

According to research,18 percent of unemployed adults use an illegal drug.This is approximately _____ times the rate seen in employed adults.

A) 1.5
B) 2.5
C) 4
D) 6

Question 41

Someone who drinks alcohol and takes Valium is at risk of death because the substances create a(n):

A) synergistic effect.
B) antagonistic action.
C) complementary action.
D) cross-tolerance effect.

Question 42

As part of his substance abuse treatment,Fred documents each time he uses the substance and develops strategies to avoid using the substance.He is MOST likely receiving:

A) contingency management training.
B) aversion therapy.
C) relapse-prevention training.
D) Cognitive-Antagonist Training (CAT).

Question 43

An individual goes to a casino two weekends every year.While there,she usually loses several thousand dollars gambling.Between casino visits,she neither gambles nor thinks much about gambling.Which statement is the MOST accurate assessment of this behavior?

A) This behavior is not a gambling disorder.
B) This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't gamble often enough.
C) This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't lose enough money.
D) This behavior is a gambling disorder.

Question 44

Nate took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm.He then became drowsy and went to sleep.Nate MOST likely took:

A) heroin.
B) cocaine.
C) cannabis.
D) a barbiturate.

Question 45

The proportion of Americans older than age 11 who smoke is approximately:

A) one-tenth.
B) one-fourth.
C) one-half.
D) two-thirds.

Question 46

Freebasing has the effect of making cocaine:

A) more concentrated.
B) injectable.
C) less addictive.
D) liquid.

Question 47

Despite concerns regarding the use of methadone maintenance programs,those in favor of such programs commonly argue that they:

A) create a more manageable form of addiction.
B) are highly effective over a very short period.
C) help reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis C.
D) enable patients to more easily "step down" their use.

Question 48

The chief danger of LSD use is:

A) the risk of developing drug tolerance.
B) the possibility of very powerful,sometimes negative,reactions.
C) the severity of withdrawal symptoms among even occasional users.
D) the universal occurrence of flashbacks among former users.

Question 49

Sam has just had an injection of heroin.He feels intense pleasure very quickly,an effect known as a:

A) nod.
B) rush.
C) high.
D) boost.

Question 50

DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder,along with substance use disorders.This change is considered important because it:

A) suggests that people may become addicted to behaviors,not just substances.
B) defines an addiction as something that requires medical or psychological intervention.
C) provides support for the concept that addiction is related solely to the reward circuit.
D) means all of the treatments for substance use disorder can also be used to treat gambling addiction.

Question 51

EMTs responding to an emergency call find a person who has injected an overdose of fentanyl,a synthetic opioid.The BEST opioid antagonist to use in this situation is:

A) dezocine.
B) naltrexone.
C) disulfiram.
D) naloxone.

Question 52

Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users?

A) Heroin facilitates the body's receptivity to AIDS.
B) Heroin lowers immune system function.
C) Heroin is a good medium in which viruses can grow.
D) Heroin users often share needles that can be infected.

Question 53

Studies examining the effectiveness of gender-sensitive programs for treating substance abuse have shown that substance abusers of different genders have:

A) about the same physical and psychological reactions to drugs.
B) the same physical,but different psychological,reactions to drugs.
C) different physical,but the same psychological,reactions to drugs.
D) different physical and psychological reactions to drugs.

Question 54

What is the most direct evidence for a genetic explanation for substance use disorders?

A) data from surveys of adults with alcohol use disorder
B) higher rates of alcohol preference demonstrated in breeding studies
C) the study finding that fraternal twins have a concordance rate of 30 percent for substance use disorder
D) the study finding that individuals with substance use disorder are more likely to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene

Question 55

What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to hallucinogens as compared with the risk of other addictive drugs?

A) minimal
B) more than most of the other drugs
C) about the same as the depressants
D) about the same as the stimulants

Question 56

Which of the following is a legal stimulant?

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) amphetamines
D) caffeine

Question 57

Pat and Kelly each have five of the same cocktail.Pat gets very drunk.Kelly does not.Which factor would MOST likely account for this difference?

A) Pat is older than Kelly.
B) Pat is healthier than Kelly.
C) Pat is a woman,and Kelly is a man.
D) Pat is non-Hispanic white,and Kelly is African American.

Question 58

What is the purpose of an antagonist drug?

A) to stop pain receptor function throughout the body
B) to block or change the effect of an addictive drug
C) to eliminate withdrawal effects as one stops taking a drug
D) to create a placebo effect to replace a drug's effect

Question 59

Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse?

A) Almost all patients relapse.
B) Antagonistic drugs are not legal.
C) There is no standard definition of treatment success.
D) The problem is a biological one and does not respond to psychological treatment.

Question 60

Which statement is TRUE regarding gender differences in heavy drinkers?

A) Female heavy drinkers outnumber male heavy drinkers through adolescence,but the reverse is true in adulthood.
B) Women are slightly more likely than men to be classified as heavy drinkers.
C) Heavy drinking is at least twice as likely in men as it is in women.
D) Women are more susceptible to becoming heavy drinkers due to their typically smaller body size and weight.

Question 61

You are making a presentation on the dangers of cocaine use.Which factor should you list as the MOST important consideration?

A) increased risk of being assaulted during drug-related crimes
B) higher risk for contracting AIDS
C) damage to mucous membranes
D) overdose effects

Question 62

Quent recently quit using heroin.He won't eat,has a high fever,and has been vomiting frequently.Quent is MOST likely how far along in the withdrawal process?

A) the first two to four hours
B) the first two to three days
C) about halfway through,around day 5 or 6
D) on day 8

Question 63

Ian felt a great burst of energy after taking a substance at a rave.He also experienced some badly distorted visual events.Ian MOST likely:

A) smoked cannabis.
B) ingested cannabis.
C) took Xanax.
D) took Ecstasy.

Question 64

Andy,who is dependent on alcohol,is experiencing delirium tremens.This reaction is:

A) common,starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
B) common,starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.
C) uncommon,starting about a week after an individual stops drinking.
D) uncommon,starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.

Question 65

Serena believes that she can smell colors and taste music after taking LSD.This effect is known as:

A) synesthesia.
B) intoxication.
C) hallucination.
D) the psychedelic effect.

Question 66

"Alcoholism is a disease.You are an alcoholic for life,and you must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is:

A) Alcoholics Anonymous.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) behavioral therapy.

Question 67

Opioid antagonists can produce withdrawal symptoms.Opioid antagonists that produce less severe withdrawal are:

A) opioid agonists.
B) partial antagonists.
C) pseudo-antagonists.
D) maintenance agonists.

Question 68

Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:

A) one key personality trait,impulsivity,predicts substance abuse.
B) one key personality trait,dependence,predicts substance abuse.
C) a specific group of traits predicts substance abuse.
D) no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.

Question 69

Approximately what percentage of smokers are eventually able to stop?

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 70

Olena is trying to quit smoking and has tried many different methods.Which of the following is not one of those methods?

A) nicotine nasal spray
B) subcutaneous nicotine pump
C) nicotine patch
D) psychotropic drugs

Question 71

Which statement BEST describes cannabis use in the United States?

A) Cannabis is native to the United States and has been used for several centuries in North America for medical and recreational purposes.
B) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for medical purposes.
C) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for recreational purposes.
D) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was used from the beginning for both recreational and medical purposes.

Question 72

Cocaine and amphetamines produce_____ behavioral effects and _____ emotional effects.

A) similar; similar
B) similar; different
C) different; similar
D) different; different

Question 73

A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community.The most important thing the clinician can do is to:

A) concentrate on radio and TV public service announcements.
B) enlist the help of those who are admired in the community.
C) provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse.
D) obtain permission to focus the campaign in the local high school.

Question 74

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called:

A) tolerance.
B) intoxication disorder.
C) substance use disorder.
D) hallucinosis.

Question 75

Three chronic marijuana users-a light user,a moderate user,and a heavy user-stop using marijuana.Before quitting,all three experienced abnormal blood flow in their brains.Several weeks later,blood flow in their brains has MOST likely:

A) returned to completely normal flow levels for all three.
B) returned to completely normal flow levels for the light and moderate users only.
C) returned to nearly normal for the light and moderate users only but remained at abnormal levels for the heavy user.
D) returned to nearly normal for all three.

Question 76

A high school student asks you,"What's the big deal about using pot at school,anyway? It's not going to hurt me." You want to correct this misconception.The MOST accurate reply you can give is:

A) "Being high makes it harder for you to remember what you just learned,even if you try to concentrate."
B) "Long-term use of marijuana kills brain cells.You won't be able to learn new things and will forget what you did know."
C) "Are you kidding? Even one-time use of marijuana can cause stroke or a heart attack."
D) "Marijuana is bad for your social life.People don't like to associate with drug users."

Question 77

Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause:

A) increased production of GABA.
B) decreased production of GABA.
C) decreased breakdown of GABA.
D) increased growth of GABA-producing cells.

Question 78

A person who uses LSD begins to taste colors and see music.This person is experiencing:

A) synesthesia.
B) hallucinosis.
C) flashbacks.
D) a "high."

Question 79

A college professor's work performance has recently deteriorated,and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to.If this is due to a problem with drugs,the best description of this professor's behavior would be:

A) substance intoxication.
B) substance use disorder.
C) tolerance.
D) withdrawal.

Question 80

Which of these has the HIGHEST risk of causing organ damage and long-lasting mental change?

A) alcohol
B) opioids
C) stimulants
D) barbiturates