Deck 11: Cultures Influence on Consumer Behavior

Question 1

The ________level reflects the subdivisions of a country or society, such as subcultures and the influences of various reference groups.

A) supranational
B) national
C) individual
D) reference
E) group

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Insights on what is suitable to wear for a specific occasion, and other dress codes, are something we learn through ________.

A) travel
B) culture
C) values
D) technical learning
E) consumer behavior

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Jake learned what brands of food to buy at the grocery store by going grocery shopping with his mother as a child, watching her, and imitating her. This constitutes ________.

A) formal learning
B) media learning
C) informal learning
D) televised learning
E) technical learning

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ________ level of cultural norms reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple societies.

A) supranational
B) national
C) group
D) reference group
E) subcultural

Question 5

Given the broad and pervasive nature of ________, its study generally requires a detailed examination of the character of the total society.

A) culture
B) consumer behavior
C) subculture
D) social class
E) individualism

Question 6

In terms of consumer behavior, ________ is the collective values, customs, norms, arts, social institutions, and intellectual achievements of a particular society which express its principles, standards, and priorities.

A) conformity
B) individualism
C) culture
D) society
E) subculture

Question 7

________ offer(s) order, direction, and guidance for problem solving by providing tried and true methods of satisfying physiological, personal, and social needs.

A) Beliefs
B) Values
C) Self-concept
D) Culture
E) Rationality

Question 8

Singing the national anthem before the start of a sports event is described as a ________.

A) belief
B) ritual
C) culture
D) norm
E) custom

Question 9

In-crowd, pop mavericks, networked intelligentsia, and thrill renegades are examples of four segments developed based on a lifestyle matrix of global youth aged 14 to 24 at the ________ level.

A) supranational
B) national
C) group
D) reference group
E) subcultural

Question 10

Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level refers to shared core values, customs, and personality factors that represent the core of the "national character" of a particular country.

A) supernational
B) supranational
C) subnational
D) national
E) group

Question 11

The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that acts as the hub of online social networks, focuses on revolution, creativity, and deconstruction, and has members that prefer cult brands like Vespa and Vans, is called ________.

A) in-crowd
B) pop mavericks
C) networked intelligentsia
D) thrill renegades
E) pop rebels

Question 12

Carla learned how to go about shopping for a new car when her father specifically sat her down and told her what to look for at dealerships and how to negotiate the best price. This constitutes ________.

A) formal learning
B) media learning
C) informal learning
D) televised learning
E) technical learning

Question 13

Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The ________ level reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple cultures or different societies.

A) international
B) supranational
C) subnational
D) national
E) group

Question 14

The learning of one's own culture is known as ________.

A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation

Question 15

The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that spreads word of mouth rapidly, values passion, individuality, and instant gratification, and prefers personalized brands like Diesel and Adidas, is called ________.

A) in-crowd
B) pop mavericks
C) networked intelligentsia
D) thrill renegades
E) pop rebels

Question 16

________ happens when teachers instruct children, in educational environments, about what should be done, how it should be done, and why it should be done, in social as well as personal settings.

A) Formal learning
B) Media learning
C) Informal learning
D) Televised learning
E) Technical learning

Question 17

A ________ is a symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence and repeated periodically.

A) belief
B) ritual
C) culture
D) value
E) custom

Question 18

Cultural beliefs, values, and customs continue to be followed as long as ________.

A) we learn new ones from other cultures
B) that culture exists
C) they are similar to other cultures, beliefs, and values
D) they yield need satisfaction and other benefits
E) a society's members speak a common language

Question 19

________ express(es) the collective principles, standards, and priorities of a community.

A) Social class
B) Cultural values
C) Conformity
D) Consumer behavior
E) Subculture

Question 20

Whereas ________ takes place when parents, older siblings, and family members teach younger members how to behave, ________ takes place when children imitate the behaviors of others like family, friends, or TV and movie heroes and characters.

A) informal learning; technical learning
B) technical learning; informal learning
C) informal learning; formal learning
D) formal learning; informal learning
E) technical learning; formal learning

Question 21

When marketers plan to sell their products in foreign or multinational markets, they must go through a process of ________ in order to ensure that their products and marketing messages are suitable for the foreign culture.

A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation

Question 22

The learning of a new or foreign culture is known as ________.

A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation

Question 23

Towels, exercise clothes, water, and portable music players are ________ for going to the gym.

A) symbols
B) customs
C) rituals
D) beliefs
E) values

Question 24

From a marketing standpoint, ________ is/are important since that is often what the marketers sell.

A) results of the ritualistic behavior on society
B) outcome of the ritual
C) consistency of the ritual over time
D) artifacts that are associated with the performance of the ritual
E) the pervasiveness of the ritual in the society

Question 25

Studying societies via analysis of the content of verbal, written, and pictorial communications is known as ________.

A) value measurement
B) consumer fieldwork
C) participant observation
D) field observation
E) content analysis

Question 26

The type of food that is typically shared with family and others is categorized as ________ in the context of cultural settings.

A) symbolic
B) individual
C) cultural
D) social
E) experience

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of field observation?

A) It takes place within a natural environment.
B) It is generally performed without the subjects' awareness of being watched.
C) It focuses on observation of behavior.
D) It most frequently focuses on in-home product usage and consumption.
E) All of these are characteristics of field observation.

Question 28

A study of more than 250 ads appearing in eight issues of Seventeen magazine, four Japanese issues, and four American issues, found that teenage girls are portrayed differently. The researcher concluded that these "differences correspond to each country's central concepts of self and society." This study is an example of ________.

A) value measurement
B) consumer fieldwork
C) participant observation
D) field observation
E) content analysis

Question 29

Which of the following is a way that marketers transmit information that allows consumers to express shared cultural values?

A) magazines
B) virtual communities
C) blogs
D) tweets
E) all of the above

Question 30

The enculturation process consists of teaching children and young adults consumption-related values and skills like ________.

A) the meaning of money and value
B) how to judge product quality
C) styles and preferences
D) product usage
E) all of the above

Question 31

When anthropologists immerse themselves in the environment under study, this technique is called ________.

A) value measurement
B) depth interviews
C) field observation
D) group observation
E) content analysis

Question 32

Stores where clothes are sold and the items' prices are ________ of their quality.

A) rituals
B) customs
C) artifacts
D) slang
E) symbols

Question 33

A ________ is a type of symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence and repeated over time.

A) communication
B) ritual
C) symbol
D) culture
E) target

Question 34

Hype Mobile Phones wants to learn how consumers decide which mobile phones to purchase, so it places researchers in mobile phone stores and has them pose as salespeople. In this example, researchers are ________.

A) third-party observers
B) actors
C) participant-observers
D) active researchers
E) imitators

Question 35

A(n) ________ is anything that represents something else and can be either verbal or nonverbal.

A) verbal communications
B) ritual
C) culture
D) symbol
E) enculturation

Question 36

Cards, presents, cakes, and candles are ________ for birthday rituals.

A) artifacts
B) values
C) beliefs
D) symbols
E) cultures

Question 37

A ________ is anything that represents something else.

A) belief
B) custom
C) symbol
D) more
E) value

Question 38

The Nike Swoosh is an example of a(n) ________.

A) nonverbal symbol
B) acculturation output
C) verbal symbol
D) technical learning output
E) enculturation output

Question 39

The ________ serves as the primary agent for enculturation.

A) teacher
B) media
C) religious institution
D) family
E) educational institution

Question 40

Within a cultural context, advertising has the expanded mission of ________.

A) generating new consumer needs
B) acculturating the young
C) enhancing consumer awareness of the needs of others
D) replacing the family as the primary vehicle for consumer socialization
E) aiding in the dissemination of new tastes, habits, and customs

Question 41

________ are personal goals, while ________ are the basic approaches that an individual might take to achieve those goals.

A) Instrumental values; terminal values
B) Social values; core values
C) Core values; cultural values
D) Terminal values; instrumental values
E) Cultural values; terminal values

Question 42

Verve shampoo has come out with a new hair-care product that is a shampoo and conditioner in one, so consumers can wash and condition their hair in one easy step. This product appeals to Americans' value of ________.

A) efficiency
B) achievement
C) progress
D) freedom of choice
E) success

Question 43

According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at individuals who have a personal terminal value focus and competence instrumental values should emphasize ________.

A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one's sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and independence
D) helping others and the role of one's skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society

Question 44

Within cultural values, being forgiving, helpful, and polite are examples of ________.

A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values

Question 45

Gordon's surveys of personal and interpersonal values included personal values and interpersonal values. Which of the following is an example of a social value?

A) achievement
B) goal orientation
C) variety
D) recognition
E) routines

Question 46

Which of the following American core values serves as a social and moral justification for the acquisition of goods and services in a context such as "you worked for it" or "you deserve it"?

A) materialism
B) progress
C) achievement and success
D) external conformity
E) individualism

Question 47

Americans place an extraordinary amount of importance on being involved and keeping busy. This is a widely accepted core value that relates to ________.

A) achievement and success
B) freedom
C) efficiency and practicality
D) time and activity
E) external conformity

Question 48

Americans' love affair with products that save time and effort, such as the microwave, are examples of the important core value of ________ in this culture.

A) progress
B) achievement and success
C) freedom of choice
D) efficiency and practicality
E) external conformity

Question 49

________ is the value associated with a preference for well-defined objectives and completing tasks.

A) Goal orientation
B) Achievement
C) Variety
D) Conformity
E) Leadership

Question 50

Within cultural values, happiness and self-respect are examples of ________.

A) instrumental values
B) core values
C) cultural values
D) social values
E) terminal values

Question 51

According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at individuals who have a personal terminal value focus and moral instrumental values should emphasize ________.

A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one's sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and independence
D) helping others and the role of one's skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society

Question 52

When an ad for Everlast fitness equipment encourages bike riders to train harder and states Everlast's power packs enable them to recover faster from strenuous training, it is focused on the individual rider's quest for ________.

A) humanitarianism
B) freedom of choice
C) materialism
D) practicality
E) achievement

Question 53

In an American cultural context, whereas ________ is its own direct reward, ________ implies an extrinsic reward.

A) success; achievement
B) activity; success
C) achievement; success
D) achievement; efficiency
E) success; efficiency

Question 54

In a consumption-oriented society, such as that of the United States, the core value of ________ often means the acceptance of change, new products, or services designed to fulfill unsatisfied needs.

A) achievement and success
B) activity
C) material comfort
D) progress
E) freedom

Question 55

Within cultural values, a comfortable exciting life, happiness, and inner harmony are examples of ________.

A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values

Question 56

Within cultural values, being ambitious, intellectual, and responsible are examples of ________.

A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values

Question 57

Within cultural values, a world of peace and beauty and national security are examples of ________.

A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values

Question 58

The Protestant work ethic, which considers hard work to be wholesome, spiritually rewarding, and an appropriate end in itself, is one of the roots of the American value of ________.

A) efficiency
B) personal achievement
C) practicality
D) activity
E) success

Question 59

The ________ is a widely used self-administered value inventory that is divided into terminal and instrumental value items.

A) Rokeach Value Survey
B) List of Values
C) VALS
D) Chapin's Value Structure Scale
E) Attitude Toward Helping Others Scale

Question 60

According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at individuals who have an interpersonal terminal value focus and moral instrumental values should emphasize ________.

A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one's sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and independence
D) helping others and the role of one's skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society

Question 61

SOUP MINI CASE: White Mountain Soups sells ready-to-eat soups packaged and sold in microwave-ready, single-serving plastic containers that can be used as bowls and then recycled. White Mountain makes a variety of soups, including New England clam chowder, vegetarian minestrone, and beef and tomato soups. Its advertising emphasizes the use of wholesome ingredients produced by independent farmers, and suggests that White Mountain soup can be a quick and easy lunch, or a wholesome mid-afternoon snack alternative to a bag of potato chips or a candy bar.
In the SOUP MINI CASE, White Mountain draws attention to its patronage of independent local farmers in order to appeal to which of the following American core values?

A) humanitarianism
B) fitness and health
C) individualism
D) freedom
E) activity

Question 62

In the name of the core value of ________, Americans appear to be more receptive to product claims that stress "new," "improved," "longer lasting," "quicker," and increased strength.

A) achievement and success
B) activity
C) material comfort
D) progress
E) individualism

Question 63

In research on the motivations of alumni who donated money to intercollegiate athletic programs, which of the following benefits is associated with being loyal to the college, helping to build a successful athletic program, and continue tradition?

A) prestige
B) social-practical motivation
C) trusting
D) belongingness
E) materialism

Question 64

DOG TREAT MINI CASE: Observing consumers at veterinary clinics, pet superstores, and grocery stores, Happy Dog determined that consumers were more likely to buy expensive dog treats at their veterinarians' offices than at grocery stores or pet superstores. Happy Dog researchers also observed that consumers spent less time looking at the pet treats before purchasing them when the treats were purchased at the veterinarian's office because they assumed that anything on offer at a veterinarian's office must be good for their pets. As a result of this research, Happy Dog Beef Treats are sold only at the offices of veterinarians and dog groomers and are more expensive than the average dog treat that pet owners might purchase at the supermarket. Happy Dog recently modified its treat recipe to come out with NEW, JUICIER Beef Treats for pet owners to use to reward their dogs. Advertisements promoting the new recipe show a young boy teaching his dog a series of tricks by rewarding her consistently with Happy Dog Beef Treats. At the end of the commercial, the boy cues his dog for the tricks in front of his parents, she performs, and his parents clap proudly.
In the DOG TREAT MINI CASE, Happy Dog uses its price and channels of distribution as ________ of the quality of its dog treats.

A) symbols
B) rituals
C) customs
D) values
E) beliefs

Question 65

In terms of consumer behavior, an appeal to ________ frequently takes the form of reinforcing the consumer's sense of identity with products or services that both reflect and emphasize that identity.

A) freedom
B) efficiency
C) progress
D) individualism
E) material comfort

Question 66

SOUP MINI CASE: White Mountain Soups sells ready-to-eat soups packaged and sold in microwave-ready, single-serving plastic containers that can be used as bowls and then recycled. White Mountain makes a variety of soups, including New England clam chowder, vegetarian minestrone, and beef and tomato soups. Its advertising emphasizes the use of wholesome ingredients produced by independent farmers, and suggests that White Mountain soup can be a quick and easy lunch, or a wholesome mid-afternoon snack alternative to a bag of potato chips or a candy bar.
In the SOUP MINI CASE, White Mountain draws attention to its use of all-natural, wholesome ingredients in order to appeal to which of the following American core values?

A) individualism
B) freedom
C) external conformity
D) humanitarianism
E) fitness and health

Question 67

The American core value of ________ is central to the belief that people can always improve themselves.

A) efficiency
B) progress
C) practicality
D) activity
E) success

Question 68

Advertisements for high-style clothing and cosmetics usually promise that their products will enhance the consumer's exclusive or distinctive character and set him or her apart from others. This is an appeal to which American core value?

A) materialism
B) achievement and success
C) freedom
D) individualism
E) humanitarianism

Question 69

SOUP MINI CASE: White Mountain Soups sells ready-to-eat soups packaged and sold in microwave-ready, single-serving plastic containers that can be used as bowls and then recycled. White Mountain makes a variety of soups, including New England clam chowder, vegetarian minestrone, and beef and tomato soups. Its advertising emphasizes the use of wholesome ingredients produced by independent farmers, and suggests that White Mountain soup can be a quick and easy lunch, or a wholesome mid-afternoon snack alternative to a bag of potato chips or a candy bar.
From a consumer's point of view, in the SOUP MINI CASE, White Mountain's soup packaging is an appeal to which of the following American core values?

A) achievement
B) efficiency
C) material comfort
D) individualism
E) freedom

Question 70

The concept of freedom in a consumer behavior sense relates to which of the following?

A) freedom of speech
B) freedom of press
C) freedom of worship
D) freedom of choice
E) freedom of movement

Question 71

For most Americans, ________ signify the attainment of "the good life," which includes a new car, a dishwasher, a hot tub and a variety of convenience and pleasure-providing goods and services.

A) comfort and pleasure
B) achievement and success
C) freedom
D) progress
E) external conformity

Question 72

________ is producing and promoting reusable and ecofriendly products.

A) Humanitarianism
B) Health orientation
C) Green marketing
D) Youthfulness
E) Achievement

Question 73

Self-reliance, self-interest, self-fulfillment, self-esteem, and self-confidence are all exceedingly popular expressions of ________, one of the American core values.

A) materialism
B) achievement and success
C) freedom
D) individualism
E) humanitarianism

Question 74

When Wendy's advertising emphasizes that a combo meal can come with any of a number of sides, not just fries, the company is appealing to American consumers' preference for ________.

A) freedom of choice
B) efficiency
C) progress
D) individualism
E) material comfort

Question 75

SOUP MINI CASE: White Mountain Soups sells ready-to-eat soups packaged and sold in microwave-ready, single-serving plastic containers that can be used as bowls and then recycled. White Mountain makes a variety of soups, including New England clam chowder, vegetarian minestrone, and beef and tomato soups. Its advertising emphasizes the use of wholesome ingredients produced by independent farmers, and suggests that White Mountain soup can be a quick and easy lunch, or a wholesome mid-afternoon snack alternative to a bag of potato chips or a candy bar.
In the SOUP MINI CASE, White Mountain offers a variety of types of soup in order to appeal to which of the following American core values?

A) practicality
B) material comfort
C) individualism
D) freedom of choice
E) external conformity

Question 76

When automobile makers started producing more environmentally sound cars to minimize the dire consequences of emissions on our planet and its inhabitants, they were engaged in ________.

A) efficiency
B) health and fitness
C) green marketing
D) youthfulness
E) achievement

Question 77

SOUP MINI CASE: White Mountain Soups sells ready-to-eat soups packaged and sold in microwave-ready, single-serving plastic containers that can be used as bowls and then recycled. White Mountain makes a variety of soups, including New England clam chowder, vegetarian minestrone, and beef and tomato soups. Its advertising emphasizes the use of wholesome ingredients produced by independent farmers, and suggests that White Mountain soup can be a quick and easy lunch, or a wholesome mid-afternoon snack alternative to a bag of potato chips or a candy bar.
In the SOUP MINI CASE, White Mountain suggests that consumers eat a cup of White Mountain soup instead of a candy bar or bag of chips as an afternoon snack. If we consider taking a break for a mid-afternoon snack to be a ritual for many consumers, the soup (or candy bar or bag of chips) would be considered the ________.

A) ritual artifact
B) ritualistic behavior
C) consumer value
D) symbol
E) acculturated activity

Question 78

One can express ________ by selecting products that friends do not have, or express ________ by purchasing similar or identical products.

A) individualism; conformity
B) collectivism; conformity
C) conformity; individualism
D) freedom of choice; materialism
E) materialism; humanitarianism

Question 79

________ have always been associated with bigger quantities of things or more of something. Recently, however, there has been a shift away from quantity towards quality.

A) Comfort, pleasure, and materialism
B) Achievement and success
C) Freedom and choice
D) Progress and movement
E) External conformity and blending in

Question 80

One outcome of the fact that consumers find environmental labels difficult to understand is ________.

A) wider appeal for green products
B) increased price sensitivity regarding green products
C) greater understanding of how to reduce global warming
D) greater engagement in green product markets
E) easier identification of green products