Deck 14: Concepts and Principals of Neurological Rehabilitation

Question 1

In a number of studies,the effectiveness of giving AI at a frequency determined by the learner has been shown to be:

A)Ineffective because learners do not usually have an idea of the optimal amount of AI they should be given
B)No different than giving learners the same frequency without it being requested
C)More effective than a learner being given a predetermined frequency of AI
D)Detrimental because it slows learning down

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Providing new or unskillful learners augmented information (AI) concurrent with their practice of a motor task:

A)Often promotes both the acquisition and retention of simple motor tasks
B)Often promotes the acquisition but not the retention of simple motor tasks
C)Often interferes with the acquisition of motor tasks but promotes retention
D)Often is an effective method for helping learners self-analyze their performance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Patients with limited cognitive resources often benefit from:

A)Very low frequencies of AI to avoid confusing these patients
B)The same frequencies of AI as those given to cognitively intact individuals
C)High frequencies of AI to compensate for their information processing
D)A low frequency of AI initially,followed by more frequent AI as they begin to learn the task

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To provide patients greater autonomy and opportunities for self-guided learning,a therapist can:

A)Decrease the bandwidth of AI delivery
B)Decrease the AI delivery interval
C)Increase the frequency of AI delivery
D)Increase the size trials blocks when providing summary AI

Question 5

Which of the following tasks is the most reasonable to practice in a part-practice format?

A)Leaning forward and moving from sitting to standing
B)Walking down stairs using a railing
C)Reaching out to catch a ball
D)Kicking a ball

Question 6

Because of the "multiple degrees of freedom" contained within the human motor system:

A)It is important for patients to repeat specific movement patterns early on so they can learn correct movements
B)The goal of rehabilitation should be learning how to coordinate body segments into general patterns of moving,rather than highly specific movement kinematics
C)Every patient will be different;no common patterns of movement coordination exist
D)Patients should first master isolated movement control of their body and limbs before beginning functional tasks

Question 7

A therapist is working with a slightly obese male patient who reportedly fell at home,striking his head on the sofa,resulting in a brief loss of consciousness.The patient's wife called for emergency medical services (EMS) and the patient was admitted to a hospital for 24 hour observation.The patient reports some slight memory deficits and occasional dizziness.The medical diagnosis on admission was Grade 3 concussion.The patient reports a sedentary lifestyle.The patient is in a cast and is non-weight-bearing.Physical therapy goal is for the patient to learn to use crutches to walk on carpeted surfaces,over curbs,and on stairs for discharge to home.At this time,the optimal practice structure for this patient is most likely to be:

A)Blocked and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces
B)Random and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces
C)Blocked and massed practice of all three walking surfaces
D)Random and massed practice of all three walking surfaces

Question 8

Experiments on motor learning in patient populations show that:

A)Functional tasks cannot be performed well unless the underlying movements are first practiced in isolation in preparation for the task.
B)When learning to regain fast movements (gait,reaching),patients should first master the movements at a slow speed and then speed up in a smooth,controlled manner.
C)Patients with poor expressive memory may still learn motor tasks with practice.
D)Patients learning standing balance tasks do so more effectively if they focus on their body and their movements,rather than on features of the external world.

Question 9

Therapists who provide patients physical guidance to promote learning must be mindful that physical guidance has been shown to:

A)Not be beneficial for the retention of motor skills learned for complex motor tasks
B)Be no more beneficial than high intensities of unassisted practice
C)Be beneficial for simple motor tasks only when given intermittently
D)Decrease the self-efficacy of patients

Question 10

Which of the following reflects an embedding of a movement pattern into a task?

A)Asking a patient what movements he or she would like to use to perform a task
B)Instructing a patient on the exact movements they should use to use to perform a task
C)Having a patient perform the same task over and over again so the specific movements of the task are implicitly learned
D)Creating a therapeutic task that has a motor solution that requires certain movement patterns to be used

Question 11

Social cognitive theory suggests that self-efficacy best develops when patients:

A)Have early task success to build confidence
B)Avoid challenging tasks until the end stages of learning
C)Work with expert performers to learn tasks
D)Do not allow themselves to become too emotionally vested in their task

Question 12

A therapist is working with an outpatient who has Parkinson disease on improving her gait pattern.The therapist is concerned because the patient does not show reciprocal arm swing during gait.When asking her supervisor if the lack of arm swing is due to rigidity,the supervisor says,"Could be,but first,let's see what happens if you have the patient walk faster and take bigger steps".The supervisor's suggestion reflects an appreciation of which of the following motor control theories:

A)Perception-Action Theory
B)Dynamic Pattern Theory
C)Dynamic Systems Theory
D)Hierarchical Reflex Theory

Question 13

Based on our knowledge of the factors contributing to neuroplasticity in animal studies,which of the following therapeutic activities is likely to best promote neuroplasticity for patients with stroke attempting to regain locomotor control?

A)Massed practice of stationary bicycle riding to allow long exercise periods to be performed with the legs
B)Massed practice of treadmill-based gait training so training is done in a functional position
C)Repeated sessions of gait training over a variety of surfaces at self-paced speeds to make the task challenging
D)Repeated sessions of gait training over the same surface at self-paced speeds to keep the task simple

Question 14

Which of the following reflects a "feedforward" motor control process?

A)The weight shift that occurs prior to stepping at a comfortable walking speed
B)The small weights shift that occur to maintain upright stationary standing
C)The weight shifts that occur when walking across ice or a slick surface
D)The weight shifts that occur when a person is trying to relearn how to walk

Question 15

When deciding how to manipulate the conditions for delivering AI and structuring practice to optimize patient engagement in learning,therapists should consider the three major variables:

A)Task complexity,the processing capacity of patients,and the amount of practice available
B)Task complexity,motor skill level of patients,and level of patient motivation
C)The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,and patient age
D)The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,therapist expertise