Question 1

To provide patients greater autonomy and opportunities for self-guided learning,a therapist can:

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease the bandwidth of AI delivery 
B) Decrease the AI delivery interval 
C) Increase the frequency of AI delivery 
D) Increase the size trials blocks when providing summary AI 
A) Decrease the bandwidth of AI delivery 
B) Decrease the AI delivery interval 
C) Increase the frequency of AI delivery 
D) Increase the size trials blocks when providing summary AI D

Question 2

Which of the following tasks is the most reasonable to practice in a part-practice format?

Accepted Answer

A) Leaning forward and moving from sitting to standing 
B) Walking down stairs using a railing 
C) Reaching out to catch a ball 
D) Kicking a ball 
A) Leaning forward and moving from sitting to standing 
B) Walking down stairs using a railing 
C) Reaching out to catch a ball 
D) Kicking a ball B

Question 3

Social cognitive theory suggests that self-efficacy best develops when patients:

Accepted Answer

A) Have early task success to build confidence 
B) Avoid challenging tasks until the end stages of learning 
C) Work with expert performers to learn tasks 
D) Do not allow themselves to become too emotionally vested in their task 
A) Have early task success to build confidence 
B) Avoid challenging tasks until the end stages of learning 
C) Work with expert performers to learn tasks 
D) Do not allow themselves to become too emotionally vested in their task A

Question 4

A therapist is working with a slightly obese male patient who reportedly fell at home,striking his head on the sofa,resulting in a brief loss of consciousness.The patient's wife called for emergency medical services (EMS) and the patient was admitted to a hospital for 24 hour observation.The patient reports some slight memory deficits and occasional dizziness.The medical diagnosis on admission was Grade 3 concussion.The patient reports a sedentary lifestyle.The patient is in a cast and is non-weight-bearing.Physical therapy goal is for the patient to learn to use crutches to walk on carpeted surfaces,over curbs,and on stairs for discharge to home.At this time,the optimal practice structure for this patient is most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A) Blocked and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces 
B) Random and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces 
C) Blocked and massed practice of all three walking surfaces 
D) Random and massed practice of all three walking surfaces 
A) Blocked and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces 
B) Random and distributed practice of all three walking surfaces 
C) Blocked and massed practice of all three walking surfaces 
D) Random and massed practice of all three walking surfaces

Question 5

Patients with limited cognitive resources often benefit from:

Accepted Answer

A) Very low frequencies of AI to avoid confusing these patients 
B) The same frequencies of AI as those given to cognitively intact individuals 
C) High frequencies of AI to compensate for their information processing 
D) A low frequency of AI initially,followed by more frequent AI as they begin to learn the task 
A) Very low frequencies of AI to avoid confusing these patients 
B) The same frequencies of AI as those given to cognitively intact individuals 
C) High frequencies of AI to compensate for their information processing 
D) A low frequency of AI initially,followed by more frequent AI as they begin to learn the task

Question 6

A therapist is working with an outpatient who has Parkinson disease on improving her gait pattern.The therapist is concerned because the patient does not show reciprocal arm swing during gait.When asking her supervisor if the lack of arm swing is due to rigidity,the supervisor says,"Could be,but first,let's see what happens if you have the patient walk faster and take bigger steps".The supervisor's suggestion reflects an appreciation of which of the following motor control theories:

Accepted Answer

A) Perception-Action Theory 
B) Dynamic Pattern Theory 
C) Dynamic Systems Theory 
D) Hierarchical Reflex Theory 
A) Perception-Action Theory 
B) Dynamic Pattern Theory 
C) Dynamic Systems Theory 
D) Hierarchical Reflex Theory

Question 7

Which of the following reflects a "feedforward" motor control process?

Accepted Answer

A) The weight shift that occurs prior to stepping at a comfortable walking speed 
B) The small weights shift that occur to maintain upright stationary standing 
C) The weight shifts that occur when walking across ice or a slick surface 
D) The weight shifts that occur when a person is trying to relearn how to walk 
A) The weight shift that occurs prior to stepping at a comfortable walking speed 
B) The small weights shift that occur to maintain upright stationary standing 
C) The weight shifts that occur when walking across ice or a slick surface 
D) The weight shifts that occur when a person is trying to relearn how to walk

Question 8

Because of the "multiple degrees of freedom" contained within the human motor system:

Accepted Answer

A) It is important for patients to repeat specific movement patterns early on so they can learn correct movements 
B) The goal of rehabilitation should be learning how to coordinate body segments into general patterns of moving,rather than highly specific movement kinematics 
C) Every patient will be different;no common patterns of movement coordination exist 
D) Patients should first master isolated movement control of their body and limbs before beginning functional tasks 
A) It is important for patients to repeat specific movement patterns early on so they can learn correct movements 
B) The goal of rehabilitation should be learning how to coordinate body segments into general patterns of moving,rather than highly specific movement kinematics 
C) Every patient will be different;no common patterns of movement coordination exist 
D) Patients should first master isolated movement control of their body and limbs before beginning functional tasks

Question 9

Providing new or unskillful learners augmented information (AI) concurrent with their practice of a motor task:

Accepted Answer

A) Often promotes both the acquisition and retention of simple motor tasks 
B) Often promotes the acquisition but not the retention of simple motor tasks 
C) Often interferes with the acquisition of motor tasks but promotes retention 
D) Often is an effective method for helping learners self-analyze their performance 
A) Often promotes both the acquisition and retention of simple motor tasks 
B) Often promotes the acquisition but not the retention of simple motor tasks 
C) Often interferes with the acquisition of motor tasks but promotes retention 
D) Often is an effective method for helping learners self-analyze their performance

Question 10

Experiments on motor learning in patient populations show that:

Accepted Answer

A) Functional tasks cannot be performed well unless the underlying movements are first practiced in isolation in preparation for the task. 
B) When learning to regain fast movements (gait,reaching),patients should first master the movements at a slow speed and then speed up in a smooth,controlled manner. 
C) Patients with poor expressive memory may still learn motor tasks with practice. 
D) Patients learning standing balance tasks do so more effectively if they focus on their body and their movements,rather than on features of the external world. 
A) Functional tasks cannot be performed well unless the underlying movements are first practiced in isolation in preparation for the task. 
B) When learning to regain fast movements (gait,reaching),patients should first master the movements at a slow speed and then speed up in a smooth,controlled manner. 
C) Patients with poor expressive memory may still learn motor tasks with practice. 
D) Patients learning standing balance tasks do so more effectively if they focus on their body and their movements,rather than on features of the external world.

Question 11

Which of the following reflects an embedding of a movement pattern into a task?

Accepted Answer

A) Asking a patient what movements he or she would like to use to perform a task 
B) Instructing a patient on the exact movements they should use to use to perform a task 
C) Having a patient perform the same task over and over again so the specific movements of the task are implicitly learned 
D) Creating a therapeutic task that has a motor solution that requires certain movement patterns to be used 
A) Asking a patient what movements he or she would like to use to perform a task 
B) Instructing a patient on the exact movements they should use to use to perform a task 
C) Having a patient perform the same task over and over again so the specific movements of the task are implicitly learned 
D) Creating a therapeutic task that has a motor solution that requires certain movement patterns to be used

Question 12

When deciding how to manipulate the conditions for delivering AI and structuring practice to optimize patient engagement in learning,therapists should consider the three major variables:

Accepted Answer

A) Task complexity,the processing capacity of patients,and the amount of practice available 
B) Task complexity,motor skill level of patients,and level of patient motivation 
C) The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,and patient age 
D) The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,therapist expertise 
A) Task complexity,the processing capacity of patients,and the amount of practice available 
B) Task complexity,motor skill level of patients,and level of patient motivation 
C) The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,and patient age 
D) The processing capacity of patients,the amount of practice available,therapist expertise

Question 13

Therapists who provide patients physical guidance to promote learning must be mindful that physical guidance has been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A) Not be beneficial for the retention of motor skills learned for complex motor tasks 
B) Be no more beneficial than high intensities of unassisted practice 
C) Be beneficial for simple motor tasks only when given intermittently 
D) Decrease the self-efficacy of patients 
A) Not be beneficial for the retention of motor skills learned for complex motor tasks 
B) Be no more beneficial than high intensities of unassisted practice 
C) Be beneficial for simple motor tasks only when given intermittently 
D) Decrease the self-efficacy of patients

Question 14

In a number of studies,the effectiveness of giving AI at a frequency determined by the learner has been shown to be:

Accepted Answer

A) Ineffective because learners do not usually have an idea of the optimal amount of AI they should be given 
B) No different than giving learners the same frequency without it being requested 
C) More effective than a learner being given a predetermined frequency of AI 
D) Detrimental because it slows learning down 
A) Ineffective because learners do not usually have an idea of the optimal amount of AI they should be given 
B) No different than giving learners the same frequency without it being requested 
C) More effective than a learner being given a predetermined frequency of AI 
D) Detrimental because it slows learning down

Question 15

Based on our knowledge of the factors contributing to neuroplasticity in animal studies,which of the following therapeutic activities is likely to best promote neuroplasticity for patients with stroke attempting to regain locomotor control?

Accepted Answer

A) Massed practice of stationary bicycle riding to allow long exercise periods to be performed with the legs 
B) Massed practice of treadmill-based gait training so training is done in a functional position 
C) Repeated sessions of gait training over a variety of surfaces at self-paced speeds to make the task challenging 
D) Repeated sessions of gait training over the same surface at self-paced speeds to keep the task simple 
A) Massed practice of stationary bicycle riding to allow long exercise periods to be performed with the legs 
B) Massed practice of treadmill-based gait training so training is done in a functional position 
C) Repeated sessions of gait training over a variety of surfaces at self-paced speeds to make the task challenging 
D) Repeated sessions of gait training over the same surface at self-paced speeds to keep the task simple

Exam 14: Concepts and Principals of Neurological Rehabilitation

To provide patients greater autonomy and opportunities for self-guided learning,a therapist can:

Which of the following tasks is the most reasonable to practice in a part-practice format?

Social cognitive theory suggests that self-efficacy best develops when patients:

Patients with limited cognitive resources often benefit from:

Which of the following reflects a "feedforward" motor control process?

Because of the "multiple degrees of freedom" contained within the human motor system:

Providing new or unskillful learners augmented information (AI) concurrent with their practice of a motor task:

Experiments on motor learning in patient populations show that:

Which of the following reflects an embedding of a movement pattern into a task?

When deciding how to manipulate the conditions for delivering AI and structuring practice to optimize patient engagement in learning,therapists should consider the three major variables:

Therapists who provide patients physical guidance to promote learning must be mindful that physical guidance has been shown to:

In a number of studies,the effectiveness of giving AI at a frequency determined by the learner has been shown to be:

Based on our knowledge of the factors contributing to neuroplasticity in animal studies,which of the following therapeutic activities is likely to best promote neuroplasticity for patients with stroke attempting to regain locomotor control?

Foundations for Making Clinical Decisions in Neuromuscular Rehabilitation

Making Clinical Decisions: a Path to Optimal Therapeutic Plan and Outcomes

The Neurological Examination and Evaluation: an Overview

Screening of Attention, cognition, perception, and Communication

Examination and Evaluation of Sensory Systems

Examination and Evaluation of Neuromotor Systems

Examination and Evaluation of Cranial Nerves

Examination and Evaluation of Vestibular Function

Examination of Balance and Equilibrium

Examination and Evaluation of Functional Status and Movement Patterns

Examination and Evaluation of Cardiovascularpulmonary Systems in Neuromuscular Disorders

Diagnostic Testing in Neurology: Lab Tests, imaging, and Nervemuscle Studies With Implications for Therapists

Development of Neuromotor Skills: Lifespan Approach

General Approaches to Neurological Rehabilitation

Health Promotion and Wellness in Neurology

Assistive Technology in Intervention: Focus on Wheelchairs,assistive Devices,and Orthoses

Intervention for Flaccidity and Hypotonia

Intervention Related to Hypertonia: Spastic and Rigid

Intervention for Involuntary Contractions and Movement

Intervention for Ataxiaincoordination

Interventions for Weakness in Neuromotor Disorders

Intervention for Limited Passive Range of Motion

Therapeutic Intervention for Impaired Motor Controlstability

Intervention for Impaired Motor Controlmovement

Therapeutic Interventions for Complete Paralysis

Intervention for Sensory Impairment

Intervention for Chronic Pain

Intervention for Vestibular Impairment

Interventions for Balance Impairment

Overcoming Challenges of Impaired Perception, cognition, and Communication Aphasia or Dysarthria

Intervention for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Impairments in Neurological Populations

Functional Activity Intervention in Upper Extremity Tasks

Functional Activity Intervention in Horizontal Bed Mobility to Quadruped Skills

Functional Activity Intervention in Sitting

Functional Intervention in Sit-To-Stand, stand-To-Sit, and Standing

Functional Activity Intervention in Upright Mobility

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