Deck 13: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

The infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child without any plausible explanation,such as an accident,is referred to as:

A) Child abuse
B) Child endangerment
C) Child maltreatment
D) Child mistreatment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act in _______.

A) 1825
B) 1899
C) 1911
D) 1930

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already been adjudicated in a juvenile court?

A) Breed v.Jones
B) In re Gault
C) Kent v.United States
D) McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Though overall rates of juvenile offending have been dropping,the one particular group of juveniles that has become more involved in the juvenile justice system than ever before is that of:

A) Girls
B) Hispanic males
C) Caucasian males
D) Asian males

Question 5

In ____,the U.S.Supreme Court forbade the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when they committed their crimes.
C)

A) New Jersey v.T.L.O
B) Fare v.Michael
C) Roper v.Simmons
D) In re Gault

Question 6

The average gang member is _____________ years old.

A) 17-18
B) 14-15
C) 12-13
D) 10-11

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement?

A) Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children
B) Child savers believed in treatment,not punishment
C) Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae
D) Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous juveniles in adult facilities

Question 8

What form of child abuse occurs when the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter,food,care,and love?

A) Emotional abuse
B) Child neglect
C) Mental abuse
D) Physical abuse

Question 9

A youth gang is viewed as a group of ____ or more persons who self-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community by special clothing,vocabulary,hand signals,and name,and engage in criminal activity.

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 10

A juvenile who has been found to have engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age is referred to as a ____.

A) Juvenile delinquent
B) Status offender
C) Troubled minor
D) Wayward youth

Question 11

Which was the first court case to extend due process rights to children?

A) Breed v.Jones
B) In re Gault
C) Kent v.United States
D) McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Question 12

A particular problem area for girls appears to be the crime of:

A) Assault
B) Burglary
C) Murder
D) Robbery

Question 13

Which philosophy allows a police officer to detain a juvenile for his or her own protection,such as when the officer detects a dangerous situation involving family or peers?

A) Child-saving
B) Culpability protecting
C) In loco parentis
D) Parens patriae

Question 14

The ____ is a document filed with a juvenile court alleging that the juvenile is a delinquent or a status offender and asking the court to either hear the case or transfer it to an adult court.

A) Complaint
B) Diversion document
C) Intake sheet
D) Petition

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a status offense?

A) Running away from home
B) Truancy
C) Smoking cigarettes
D) Drinking and driving

Question 16

Drug use has been shown to be a strong risk factor for which category of juveniles?

A) African Americans
B) Females
C) Males
D) Whites

Question 17

By definition,____ is a term used to explain the fact that criminal activity declines with age.

A) Age of conformity
B) Age of delinquency
C) Age of onset
D) Aging out

Question 18

In In re Winship,the Supreme Court required the government to prove ____ that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency.

A) Beyond a reasonable doubt
B) With clear and convincing evidence
C) By a preponderance of the evidence
D) By probable cause

Question 19

The process in which the juvenile judge,based on the facts of the case at hand,decides that the alleged offender should be transferred to adult court is a(n):

A) Automatic transfer
B) Judicial waiver
C) Legislative waiver
D) Prosecutorial waiver

Question 20

A juvenile's first contact with the juvenile justice system usually comes through a:

A) Juvenile court judge
B) Juvenile probation officer
C) Juvenile residential specialist
D) Police officer

Question 21

Correctional institutions that are the most restrictive for juveniles found to be delinquent or status offenders are called:

A) Family group homes
B) Group homes
C) Rural programs
D) Training schools

Question 22

Which landmark case resulted in a ruling that youths can be detained if they are deemed a "risk" to the safety of the community or to their own welfare?

A) In re Gault
B) In re Winship
C) Roper v.Simmons
D) Schall v.Martin

Question 23

The juvenile justice system uses the same terminology as found in the adult criminal justice system.

Question 24

In which community-based rehabilitation program is a juvenile returned to the community,but placed under supervision with conditions specified through the juvenile justice system?

A) Boot camp
B) Probation
C) Restitution
D) Treatment program

Question 25

A(n)____ hearing is the process through which a juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to support the initial petition.

A) Adjudicatory
B) Discretionary
C) Disposition
D) Diversionary

Question 26

________________ are similar in many aspects to adult prisons and jails,but differ from them in their efforts to treat and rehabilitate young offenders.

A) Family group homes
B) Group homes
C) Training schools
D) Rural programs

Question 27

A(n)____ is a procedure in which juvenile court judges have the discretion to transfer a juvenile case to adult court when certain predetermined conditions regarding the seriousness of the offense and the age of the offender are met.

A) Automatic transfer
B) Judicial waiver
C) Legislative waiver
D) Prosecutorial waiver\
S

Question 28

Similarities between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system include:

A) The right to a jury trial
B) Hearings must be open to the public
C) Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is needed
D) Dependents are required to testify

Question 29

A(n)____ is a report prepared during the disposition process that provides the judge with relevant background material to aid in the disposition decision.

A) Adjudication
B) Petition
C) Presentence investigation
D) Predisposition report

Question 30

The child savers believed that juvenile offenders required treatment,not punishment.

Question 31

What is the most common form of juvenile corrections?

A) Boot camp
B) Juvenile detention
C) Probation
D) Residential treatment centers

Question 32

Which type of residential treatment program generally houses between 12 and 15 youths and provides treatment,counseling,and educational services by a professional staff?

A) Family group homes
B) Foster care programs
C) Group homes
D) Rural programs

Question 33

In ____,the juvenile lives with a couple who act as surrogate parents.

A) Family group homes
B) Foster care programs
C) Group homes
D) Rural programs

Question 34

The judge in the case decides to send Jacob to a secure facility because of the severity of the charges.After 8 months Jacob is released early because of good behavior but as part of his sentence he will serve the remainder of his sentence in a wilderness camp where he will receive additional treatment.Which residential treatment program would this wilderness camp be part of?

A)Foster care program
B)Group home
C)Family group home
D)Rural programs

Question 35

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the New York Juvenile Court Act in 1899.

Question 36

Similar to the sentencing hearing for adults,a(n)____ hearing is when the juvenile judge decides the appropriate punishment for a youth found to be delinquent or a status offender.

A) Adjudicatory
B) Discretionary
C) Disposition
D) Diversionary

Question 37

Wilderness camps,farms,and ranches where between 30 and 50 children are placed in an environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs are referred to as:

A) Family group homes
B) Foster care programs
C) Group homes
D) Rural programs

Question 38

Differences between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system include:

A) Juvenile proceedings must be public
B) Information must be released to the press in the juvenile system
C) There is no death penalty for juveniles
D) The purpose of the juvenile court is punishment

Question 39

Juvenile records are kept sealed but court proceedings are open to the public.

Question 40

The first stage of juvenile pretrial procedures is:

A) Intake
B) Diversion
C) Waiver
D) Detention

Question 41

The first decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile courts was In re Gault.

Question 42

A doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of children and to assume the role of parent if necessary is __________________________.

Question 43

Skipping school is considered status offense.

Question 44

The primary concern during the disposition hearing is to determine a sentence that will serve the needs of the child,rather than one that will protect the community.

Question 45

The earlier a youth enters the juvenile justice system,the more likely he or she will become a violent offender.

Question 46

The most common form of juvenile corrections is probation.

Question 47

The decision in McKeiver v.Pennsylvania represented the one instance in which the Court did not move the juvenile court further toward the adult model.

Question 48

No juvenile correctional facility is called a "prison."

Question 49

Current research shows that the majority of gang members today are white.

Question 50

During intake,an official of the juvenile court must decide,in effect,what to do with the offender.

Question 51

Juveniles are most commonly transferred to adult courts through prosecutorial waiver.

Question 52

______________________ refers to conduct that would be criminal if committed by an adult.

Question 53

Boot camps are a good example of residential treatment programs.

Question 54

The older a person is the less likely he or she will be to exhibit criminal behavior.

Question 55

In the juvenile court,children are not "found guilty," they are instead _____________________.

Question 56

Training schools have many of the same problems as adult prisons and jails,including drug abuse and overcrowding.

Question 57

The state of ____________________ created the first court specifically for juveniles.

Question 58

Police officers engage in low visibility decision making when working with juvenile offenders.

Question 59

Most states provide for a bifurcated process in which a separate disposition hearing follows the adjudicatory hearing.

Question 60

During the adjudicatory hearing,juvenile defendants have the right to present their cases to a jury.

Question 61

In ___________________,the Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled to many of the same due process rights granted to adult offenders,including notice of charges,the right to counsel,the privilege against self-incrimination,and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses.

Question 62

Juveniles who are released from secure facilities are placed in ____________ programs.

Question 63

Discuss the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts.

Question 64

During intake,an officer of the juvenile court usually a _______________________,but sometimes a judge,must decide what to do with the offender.

Question 65

Foster care programs,group homes,and rural programs are examples of ___________________ _________________________________.

Question 66

Overt acts taken by students with the goal of intimidating,harassing,or humiliating other students is known as ____________________________.

Question 67

During the _______________________,the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to support the initial petition.

Question 68

The age at which a youth first exhibits delinquent behavior is _____________________.

Question 69

The ______________________ is the formal document outlining the charges against the juvenile.

Question 70

A ______________________________ usually contains information concerning the respondent's family background,the facts surrounding the delinquent act,and interviews with social workers,teachers and other important figures in the child's life.

Question 71

______________________________ is a form of child abuse in which the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter,food,care,and love.

Question 72

Identify and briefly discuss the single most important Supreme Court case with respect to juvenile justice.

Question 73

____________________is when the juvenile offender repays his or her victim,either directly or symbolically through community service.

Question 74

Twenty-nine states have taken the waiver out of judicial hands through ___________,also known as legislative waiver.

Question 75

__________________________ includes wilderness camps,farms,and ranches where children are placed in an environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs.

Question 76

Many researchers believe that by the age of ____________ an adolescent has the same ability as an adult to make a competent decision.

Question 77

Describe the child-saving movement and its relationship to the doctrine of parens patriae.

Question 78

Discuss the difference between juvenile delinquents and status offenders.

Question 79

Juvenile corrections are based on the concept of ________________________.

Question 80

A ____________________ is the notification process through which a law enforcement officer or other concerned citizen makes the juvenile court aware of a juvenile's unlawful or unruly conduct.