Deck 3: Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Question 1

Which element forms a cation?

A) carbon
B) phosphorus
C) krypton
D) nickel
E) iodine

Answer 1

nickel

Question 2

People on a low salt diet use a potassium chloride substitute for sodium chloride.Which of the following is a valid ionic formula for potassium chloride?

A) NaCl
B) NaCl₂
C) KCl₂
D) KCl
E) K₂Cl

Answer 2

KCl

Question 3

What is the charge on iron in the ionic compound FeCl₃?

A) +3
B) +1
C) 0
D) -1
E) -3

Answer 3

+3

Question 4

What is the total number of valence electrons in the chloroethylene molecule (C₂H₃Cl)?

A) 6
B) 18
C) 21
D) 32
E) 62

Question 5

What is the meaning of the symbol below? [PO₄]^3-

A) The phosphorous has three more electrons than protons.
B) Three oxygens each have one more electron than protons.
C) Each of the four oxygens has three more electrons than protons.
D) The ion has three more electrons than protons.
E) The 3^- means that the molecule has lost three electrons.

Question 6

Calcium carbonate has the formula CaCO₃.What is the charge on the polyatomic carbonate ion?

A) +2
B) +1
C) 0
D) -1
E) -2

Question 7

Select the statement that BEST differentiates between bonding and nonbonding electrons.

A) There are always more bonding electrons than lone pairs in a molecule.
B) Nonbonding electrons are less chemically important than bonding electrons.
C) Nonbonding electrons do not count toward an atom's octet of electrons.
D) Bonding electrons are shared and nonbonding electrons are not shared.
E) The more nonbonding electrons that an atom has, the more unstable the atom is.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ionic compounds is NOT true?

A) Ions that make up ionic compounds have the same properties as the elements from which they are formed.
B) Many ionic compounds are soluble in water.
C) Ionic compounds have high melting points.
D) Ions dissolved in water conduct electricity.
E) Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions.

Question 9

Which of the structures are covalent compounds?

A) I
B) II, III, and IV
C) II and IV
D) V
E) All of the choices are covalent molecules.

Question 10

Oxygen is a _______ and therefore _______ when it forms an ion.

A) metal; loses electrons
B) metal; gains electrons
C) nonmetal; loses electrons
D) nonmetal; gains electrons
E) metalloid; loses electrons

Question 11

How many bonds is chlorine MOST likely to form?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT composed of polyatomic ions?

A) table salt
B) bleach
C) some preservatives
D) tooth enamel
E) some bactericides

Question 13

Lewis electron dot structures represent the

A) number of total electrons in a molecule.
B) total number of electrons in the atom.
C) number of protons in the atom.
D) number of valence electrons.
E) number of nonbonding electrons.

Question 14

How many multiple bonds are in the chloroethylene molecule (C₂H₃Cl)?

A) zero multiple bonds
B) 1 double bond
C) 1 triple bond
D) 2 double bonds
E) 1 double and 1 triple bond

Question 15

What is the ionic formula for the ionic compound composed of calcium and chloride ions?

A) Ca₂Cl
B) CaCl
C) Ca₂Cl₂
D) Ca₂Cl₃
E) CaCl₂

Question 16

"Laughing gas" has the formula N₂O.Which of the following is the best name for this compound?

A) nitrogen oxygen
B) nitrogen oxide
C) nitrogen dioxide
D) dinitrogen monoxide
E) nitrogen(II)oxide

Question 17

Which of the following is the formula for an ionic compound called iron(III)oxide?

A) Fe₃O₂
B) Fe₂O₃
C) FeO
D) Fe₃O
E) FeO₃

Question 18

Which statement BEST describes the meaning of an expanded octet?

A) "Expanded octets" are molecules in which an element expands its valence shell to gain an octet of electrons.
B) "Expanded octets" is a term that describes atoms that have more than eight electrons in their valence shells.
C) "Expanded octets" refers to atoms that, when bonded, must be larger than normal.
D) "Expanded octets" is used to describe elements that do not normally form an octet when bonded and would therefore have to expand to form the octet.
E) "Expanded octets" is used to describe how atoms accept electrons to attain a full valence shell.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about caffeine is TRUE?

A) Caffeine is a compound.
B) It is consumed by the majority of North Americans.
C) Caffeine binds to the adenosine receptor.
D) Caffeine activates the pleasure centers of the brain.
E) All of the above statements about caffeine are true.

Question 20

Which of the following Lewis dot structures best represents the chlorine atom?

A) structure a
B) structure b
C) structure c
D) structure d
E) structure e

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a valid ionic formula?

A) NaF
B) MgO
C) KCl₂
D) CaF₂
E) Na₂O

Question 22

Which group of elements forms anions?

A) noble gases
B) transition metals
C) alkaline metals
D) alkali earth metals
E) halogens

Question 23

Which is the BEST Lewis structure for a molecule with the formula HCN?

A) structure a
B) structure b
C) structure c
D) structure d
E) structure e

Question 24

Elements in group 1A of the periodic table are likely to form ions with the charge

A) -3.
B) -2.
C) -1.
D) +1.
E) +2.

Question 25

In a covalent molecule

A) nonmetals share electrons.
B) nonmetals donate electrons to metals.
C) metals donate electrons to nonmetals.
D) metals share electrons.
E) cations and anions are attracted to one another.

Question 26

How many nonbonding electrons are in the chloroethylene molecule (C₂H₃Cl)?

A) zero
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 18

Question 27

Which of the following is a diatomic element?

A) N₂
B) NaCl
C) H₂O
D) CO
E) Li₂O

Question 28

Carbon tetrafluoride is a refrigerant and potent greenhouse gas.Which of the following is the molecular formula for this compound?

A) CF
B) C(IV)F
C) C₄F₄
D) C₄F
E) CF₄

Question 29

Which of the following ions is a polyatomic ion?

A) NH₄⁺
B) Mg²⁺
C) O^2-
D) O₂
E) C₂H₆

Question 30

What is the BEST name for the compound SF₆, a potent greenhouse gas?

A) sulfur fluorine
B) sulfur fluoride
C) sulfur hexafluoride
D) sulfur pentafluoride
E) monosulfur fluoride

Question 31

What is the name of the ionic compound that is composed of calcium and chlorine?

A) calcium dichloride
B) dicalcium trichloride
C) dicalcium chloride
D) calcium chloride
E) dicalcium dichloride

Question 32

Which of the following items is NOT composed of an ionic compound?

A) caffeine
B) some sunscreens
C) calamine lotion
D) most toothpaste
E) table salt

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a monoatomic electrolyte in the body?

A) sodium ion
B) potassium ion
C) oxygen
D) calcium ion
E) chloride ion

Question 34

An atom of magnesium is shown below.The charge on this ion is _______ making the ion a _______.

A) -10; anion
B) -2; anion
C) -2; cation
D) + 2; anion
E) + 2; cation

Question 35

Elements in group 17 (7A)of the periodic table are likely to form ions with the charge

A) -3.
B) -2.
C) -1.
D) +1.
E) +2.

Question 36

An important part of writing a formula unit for an ionic compound is to make sure that

A) the charges of the ions add up to zero.
B) there is never more than one type of cation and one type of anion in the formula.
C) the ionic compound actually exists in nature.
D) the anion is written first, followed by the cation.
E) the ratio of cation to anion is 1:1.

Question 37

The arrow is pointing to a(n)

A) triple bond.
B) double bond.
C) single bond.
D) electron.
E) valence shell.

Question 38

What is the most likely arrangement of the atoms in chloroethylene (C₂H₃Cl)?

A) structure a
B) structure b
C) structure c
D) structure d
E) structure e

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a covalent compound?

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) sodium phosphate

Question 40

The name of Al³⁺ is ____________.

A) aluminide
B) aluminum ion
C) aluminum three
D) alide
E) trialuminum

Question 41

What is the name of CaCO₃, a common calcium supplement and antacid?

A) calcium carbon trioxide
B) calcium bicarbonate
C) calcium carbonate
D) calcium cyanide
E) calcium chlorite

Question 42

What ionic compound has the formula Na₂O?

A) disodium oxide
B) sodium oxide
C) sodium dioxide
D) sodium oxygen
E) disodium oxygen

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a covalent compound?

A) HF
B) H₂O
C) CO
D) Li₂O
E) CS₂

Question 44

Below are four compounds.Choose the statement below that BEST describes these four. ​
CH₂O Ti₂O₃ MgO H₂O
I II III IV
​

A) All of these are ionic compounds.
B) I and II are covalent molecules, whereas III and IV are ionic.
C) II and III are ionic, whereas I and IV are covalent.
D) I, III, and IV are covalent, whereas II is ionic.
E) All of these are covalent molecules.

Question 45

The conventional way of writing the symbol for an ion of calcium is

A) calcium-18.
B) Ar.
C) Ca^-18.
D) Ca²⁺.
E) Ca₂₊.

Question 46

What is the name of Na₂SO₃, a preservative in many foods and drinks?

A) sodium sulfite
B) sodium sulfate
C) disodium sulfur trioxide
D) sodium sulfur trioxide
E) disodium trisulfite

Question 47

In an ionic compound

A) nonmetals share electrons.
B) nonmetals donate electrons to metals.
C) metals are attracted to one another.
D) metals share electrons.
E) cations and anions are attracted to one another.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about the adenosine receptor is NOT true?

A) The receptor only binds adenosine.
B) When adenosine is bound, a signal is sent to the cell to slow activity.
C) The receptor is found embedded in the cell membrane of neurons.
D) It is involved in preparing the brain for sleep.
E) Its normal signaling is blocked when caffeine binds.

Question 49

Another name for an ionic compound is a(n)________.

A) cation
B) anion
C) ionic bond
D) covalent bond
E) salt

Question 50

A compound contains magnesium and phosphate.What is the formula unit of this compound?

A) Mg₃P₂
B) MgPO₄
C) Mg₃(PO₄)₂
D) Mg₂(PO₄)₃
E) MgHPO₄

Question 51

How many valence electrons does chlorine have?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 1
D) 5.
E) 6

Question 52

Below are two charged particles.What will they do when in close proximity to one another?

A) They will do nothing.
B) The particle on the left will transfer its positive charge to the particle on the right.
C) The particle on the right will transfer its negative charge to the particle on the left.
D) They will attract one another.
E) They will repel one another.

Question 53

Which of these structures is a diatomic molecule?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 54

A polyatomic ion

A) has many atoms, one of which has gained or lost electrons.
B) is a molecule that has gained or lost electrons.
C) has many atoms, one of which has gained or lost protons.
D) is a molecule that has gained or lost protons.
E) has many charges.

Question 55

Which statement BEST describes the behavior of period 2 elements in a covalent molecule?

A) Period 2 elements lose electrons.
B) Period 2 elements gain electrons.
C) The nonmetals in period 2 form bonds so that they have a valence shell with eight electrons.
D) The nonmetals in period 2 form bonds so that they have a valence shell with two electrons.
E) Period 2 elements are not alike in any way.

Question 56

Which of the molecules below contain an atom with an expanded octet?

A) I and II
B) III only
C) IV only
D) I, II, and III
E) All of these molecules have an expanded octet.

Question 57

When a metal atom transfers one or more valence electrons to a nonmetal atom, what are formed?

A) covalent bonds
B) monatomic ions
C) two cations
D) semimetals
E) two anions

Question 58

Nonmetals typically ______, and metals typically ______.

A) donate electrons; accept electrons
B) accept electrons; donate electrons
C) donate protons; accept protons
D) accept protons; donate protons
E) donate neutrons; accept neutrons

Question 59

An ion that has more electrons than protons is a(n)________.

A) cation
B) anion
C) ionic bond
D) covalent bond
E) salt

Question 60

Below is an illustration of an atom of fluorine.Which arrow points to the part of the atom involved in bonding?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) Both B and C point to the correct part of the atom.
E) None of the above is involved in bonding.

Question 61

An intravenous therapy called Ringer's solutions contains calcium and chloride ions along with other components.What is the charge on calcium in the ionic compound that forms from calcium and chloride ions?

A) +1
B) -1
C) +2
D) -2
E) +3

Question 62

Lead(II)is especially harmful to young children because it_________.

A) halts bone growth
B) causes loss of appetite
C) damages the retina
D) damages the heart
E) harms brain development

Question 63

In general, how many bonds does a nonmetal in period 2 form?

A) the same number as the number of nonbonding electrons in the atom
B) the same number as the number of electrons needed to obtain an octet
C) the same number as the total number of electrons in the atom
D) eight, in accordance with the octet rule
E) It is impossible to predict the number.

Question 64

Magnesium chloride is sometimes administered orally to suppress premature labor.Which of the following is a valid ionic formula for magnesium chloride?

A) Mg₂Cl₂
B) Mg₂Cl
C) MgCl
D) MgCl₂
E) None of the above choices are magnesium chloride.

Question 65

Electrons shared between two atoms is a(n)_______.

A) cation
B) anion
C) ionic bond
D) covalent bond
E) salt

Question 66

What is the ratio of ions in Li₂O?

A) 1 Li : 1 O
B) 2 Li : 1 O
C) 2 O : 1 Li
D) 4 O : 5 Li
E) 4 Li : 5 O

Question 67

The following ionic formula is not valid.Which statement BEST describes what's wrong with this formula? AlCl₂

A) It does not include both a nonmetal and a metal.
B) The ratio of cations to anions is not 1:1.
C) The anion is written first, followed by the cation.
D) This compound does not exist in nature.
E) The charges do not add up to zero.

Question 68

What is the charge on each chloride ion in an ionic compound composed of calcium and chlorine?

A) +1
B) -1
C) +2
D) -2
E) +3

Question 69

A high level of ______ after 12 hours of fasting indicates diabetes.

A) glucose
B) urea
C) potassium
D) amino acids
E) electrolytes

Question 70

What are the charges on the ions in Li₂O?

A) Li has a -1 charge, and O has a +1 charge.
B) Li has a +1 charge, and O has a -1 charge.
C) Li has a -1 charge, and O has a +2 charge.
D) Li has a +1 charge, and O has a -2 charge.
E) Neither lithium nor oxygen is charged.

Question 71

Below are two ions (not drawn to scale).What will they do when in close proximity to one another?

A) They will attract one another, forming an ionic compound.
B) They will attract one another, forming a covalent bond.
C) The sodium ion will transfer a proton to the chloride ion.
D) The chloride ion will transfer an electron to the sodium ion.
E) They will do nothing.

Question 72

Which of the following elements might have an expanded octet in a covalent molecule?

A) No elements have an expanded octet.
B) Atoms in period 2 might have an expanded octet.
C) Atoms in period 3 might have an expanded octet.
D) Any of the atoms in group 2 might have an expanded octet.
E) Any of the atoms in group 3 might have an expanded octet.

Question 73

In which of the structures are six electrons being shared between two atoms?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 74

An ion of cobalt has 25 electrons total.What is the charge of the cobalt ion?

A) +2
B) +1
C) It is neutral.
D) -1
E) -2

Question 75

Which of these structures represent ionic compounds?

A) I and III
B) I and IV
C) IV and V
D) II and IV
E) I only

Question 76

An electrolyte is a substance that

A) dissolves in water.
B) does not dissolve in water.
C) hydrogen bonds with water.
D) produces ions when dissolved in water.
E) is an excellent resistor.

Question 77

An ion of fluorine has ten electrons total.What is the charge of the fluorine ion?

A) +2
B) +1
C) It is neutral.
D) -1
E) -2

Question 78

A magnesium ion has the same electron configuration as _______.

A) No other atom or element has the same configuration.
B) sodium
C) neon
D) fluorine
E) aluminum

Question 79

Which of the structures contains a double bond?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) III and IV

Question 80

Which of the following ions does NOT have the same number of valence electrons as neon?

A) fluoride ion
B) calcium ion
C) magnesium ion
D) oxide ion
E) sodium ion