Deck 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: Theory and Method

Question 1

Which of the following refers to concepts that can vary or take on different numerical values?

A)Variables
B)Dependent variables
C)Independent variables
D)None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following refers to research concerned with solving or addressing immediate policy problems?

A)Pure research
B)Basic research
C)Secondary research
D)Applied research

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a suggested factor by Hirschi and Selvin for either doing or critiquing the research of others?

A)Objectivity
B)Intolerance for error
C)Vigilance
D)None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is considered on the other "polar extreme" as scientism and where the researcher takes the stance that "if you cannot measure something,then it is not worth studying or commenting on"?

A)Scientism
B)Operationalization
C)Verstehen
D)None of the above

Question 5

Who offered the notion that the purpose of research it to gain a qualitative understanding of phenomena from the perspective of the subjects;also referred to as verstehen?

A)Weber
B)Kuhn
C)Worrall
D)Kraska

Question 6

Which of the following describes confirmation of the accuracy of findings?

A)Science
B)Replication
C)Verification
D)None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following refers to the repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the same methodology?

A)Criminology
B)Verification
C)Replication
D)None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following refers to operationalization and numerical measurement of variables?

A)Basic research
B)Quantitative research
C)Qualitative research
D)All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a plausible explanation of reality?

A)Theory
B)Paradigm
C)Hunch
D)None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following refers to a sense of disorientation experienced by a person when suddenly confronted with an unfamiliar style of presentation and research language?

A)Researchese
B)Concepts
C)Operationalization
D)Research shock

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the abstract or symbolic tags placed on reality?

A)Concepts
B)Operationalization
C)Variables
D)Dependent variables

Question 12

Which of the following is described as a view of all social events as a distinct chronicle of unique happenings?

A)Historicism
B)Scientism
C)Operationalization
D)None of the above

Question 13

Who described how the evolution of new knowledge,rather than being slow and incremental,is often dependent upon new paradigms that may stand previous assumptions on their heads?

A)Kuhn
B)Smith
C)Matthew
D)Kraska

Question 14

Which of the following combine rational theoretical explanation with the scientific method?

A)Science
B)Criminology
C)Research
D)None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following are suggestions made by Bayley for improving criminal justice research

A)Research requires interdisciplinary efforts as well as the tackling of field-oriented,practical problems.
B)Researchers should cease giving speeches to practitioners about the value of research and attack their practical concerns with a realistic appraisal of error proneness of any research endeavor.
C)It is time to be done with "methodological narcissism," methods for methods' sake.
D)All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following refers to research for the purpose of developing "sensitizing concepts" and verstehen rather than quantitative measurement?

A)Basic research
B)Quantitative research
C)Qualitative research
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is a model or schema that provides a perspective from which to view reality?

A)Theory
B)Paradigm
C)Hunch
D)None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is described as being the language of research?

A)Researchese
B)Concepts
C)Operationalization
D)Research shock

Question 19

Which of the following refers to fanatical adherence to a preferred method at the expense of substance?

A)Objectivity
B)Paradigm
C)Methodological narcissism
D)None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following refers to the definition of concepts on the basis of how they are measured?

A)Research shock
B)Operationalization
C)Variables
D)All of the above

Question 21

In qualitative research,concepts are viewed as sensitizing ideals or terms that enhance our understanding.

Question 22

Methodology involves the collection of hypotheses and/or data regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice.

Question 23

Verification is confirmation of the accuracy of findings.

Question 24

Pure research is the acquisition of knowledge for science's sake;acquisition of knowledge that contributes to the scientific development of a discipline.

Question 25

Edwin Sutherland's concept of "white-collar crime" serves as an example of a paradigm revolution in criminology,a radical reorientation in theoretical views of the nature of criminality.

Question 26

Which of the following refers to an attempt to develop plausible explanation of reality?

A)Hypothesis
B)Theory
C)Guess
D)None of the above

Question 27

Replication combines rational theoretical explanation with the scientific method.

Question 28

Which of the following refers to the predictor variable X);precedes in time and causes change in the dependent variable?

A)Variables
B)X variables
C)Independent variables
D)None of the above

Question 29

Which of the following refers to a specific statement or prediction regarding the relationship between two variables?

A)Hypothesis
B)Theory
C)Variable
D)None of the above

Question 30

Crime analysis is an example of pure research.

Question 31

Hirschi and Stark's "Hellfire and Delinquency" found a very weak relationship between church attendance and non-delinquency.

Question 32

Systematic application of the scientific method to research problems provided only nominal breakthroughs in the development of knowledge.

Question 33

Which of the following refers to the outcome variable Y);or the subject of study?

A)Variables
B)Dependent variables
C)Independent variables
D)All of the above

Question 34

Criminal justice researchers,unlike physical scientists,find their subject matter a topic of popular discussion in which the layperson's experience is viewed as just as good a guide to policy as that of the researcher.

Question 35

A paradigm is a plausible explanation of reality why and how do things occur).

Question 36

Applied research is concerned with solving or addressing immediate policy problems.

Question 37

A theory is a model or schema that provides a perspective from which to view reality.

Question 38

In quantitative research,concepts are assigned numerical values.

Question 39

In 'The Natural History of Nonsense',Evans outlines numerous examples of commonsense-nonsense issues that have greatly hindered human progress.

Question 40

The 'independent variable' is also known as the 'outcome variable'.

Question 41

__________ is the systematic,analytic process aimed at providing practical information related to crime patterns.

Question 42

__________ is Webster's notion that the purpose of research is to gain a qualitative "understanding" of phenomena from the perspective of the subjects.

Question 43

__________ is the view that if one cannot quantitatively measure a phenomenon,it is not worth studying.

Question 44

__________ is research for the purpose of developing 'sensitizing concepts" and verstehen rather than quantitative measurement.

Question 45

__________ combines rational theoretical explanations with the scientific method.

Question 46

__________ is the fanatical adherence to a preferred method at the expense of substance.

Question 47

The 'dependent variable' is also known as the 'predictor variable'.

Question 48

__________ is the confirmation of the accuracy of findings;attainment of greater certitude in conclusions through additional observations.

Question 49

__________ is the acquisition of knowledge for science's sake;acquisition of knowledge that contributes to the scientific development of a discipline.

Question 50

Problem formulation is the selection,identification,and specification of the research topic to be investigated.

Question 51

The __________ variable is also known as the predictor variable.

Question 52

The __________ variable is also known as the outcome variable.

Question 53

A primary problem faced by students is a lack of available online academic journals and periodicals.

Question 54

__________ involves the collection of accurate facts or data;attempt to address the issue of 'what is'.

Question 55

Problem formulation,one of the general steps in empirical research,is a type of experimental or nonexperimental approach.

Question 56

__________ is the repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the same methodology.

Question 57

Discuss Bayley's offerings for improving criminal justice research.

Question 58

__________ is practical research concerned with solving or addressing immediate policy problems.

Question 59

__________ is the language of research.

Question 60

__________ is the operationalization and numerical measurement of variables.

Question 61

Define pure and applied research and discuss the application of each in the study of criminal justice.

Question 62

Explore the many online resources available to students and provide the URL for at least 10 of these sites.

Question 63

Define quantitative and qualitative research and discuss the application of each in the study of criminal justice.

Question 64

Discuss the general steps in empirical research in criminal justice.