Deck 36: Assisting in Orthopedic Medicine

Question 1

An anterior lumbar curvature of the spine that becomes abnormally exaggerated is known as

A) spondylitis
B) kyphosis
C) scoliosis
D) lordosis

Answer 1

lordosis

Question 2

As soon as possible after a musculoskeletal injury, RICE therapy should be initiated. This stands for

A) resistance, increased extension, cold, and exercise.
B) rest, ice, compression, and elevation.
C) rest, ice, compression, and exercise.
D) resilience, ice, closure, and elevation.

Answer 2

rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

Question 3

An abnormal curvature of the posterior thoracic spine is called

A) spondylitis.
B) kyphosis.
C) scoliosis.
D) lordosis.

Answer 3

kyphosis.

Question 4

Which type of fracture is common in young children?

A) Stress
B) Greenstick
C) Transverse
D) Comminuted

Question 5

Several terms are used in anatomy and physiology to describe body movements. Which of the following is commonly described as bending?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction

Question 6

Which type of muscle is responsible for moving fluids through the urinary system?

A) Skeletal
B) Smooth
C) Striated
D) Voluntary

Question 7

The type of movement in which a part is moved away from the midline of the body is

A) rotation.
B) extension.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.

Question 8

The knee joint is categorized as having which type of movement?

A) Gliding
B) Ball-and-socket
C) Hinge
D) Freely moving

Question 9

A sac of synovial fluid near a joint is known as a

A) tendon.
B) synovial membrane.
C) bursa.
D) ligament.

Question 10

Loss of bone mass is known as

A) osteolysis.
B) osteodystrophy.
C) osteoporosis.
D) osteoclasis.

Question 11

All of the following are true about fibromyalgia except it

A) occurs more frequently in men than in women.
B) is associated with sleep disorders.
C) frequently is seen in patients with lupus.
D) causes chronic pain and fatigue.

Question 12

Bending the foot to reduce the angle of the joint is called

A) extension.
B) pronation.
C) plantar flexion.
D) dorsiflexion.

Question 13

What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

A) OA is an autoimmune disorder.
B) OA goes through stages of remission and relapse.
C) RA is an autoimmune reaction to synovial fluid.
D) OA has an acute onset.

Question 14

A goniometer is used in the orthopedic examination to measure

A) muscular strength.
B) gait.
C) spinal curves.
D) joint range of motion.

Question 15

A patient who reports occasional acute pain in the big toe may be suffering from

A) osteoarthritis.
B) gouty arthritis.
C) tendinitis.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 16

Spongy, porous bone tissue is described as

A) cancellous.
B) fossa.
C) sinus.
D) joint.

Question 17

Lateral curvature of the spinal column is known as

A) osteoporosis.
B) lordosis.
C) scoliosis.
D) kyphosis.

Question 18

Which of the following injuries results in an overstretching of a muscle or tendon?

A) Muscle spasm
B) Sprain
C) Strain
D) Fracture

Question 19

A patient who repeatedly uses the hands at work and complains of numbness and tingling of the fingers and difficulty grasping a pencil may be diagnosed with

A) fibromyalgia.
B) carpal tunnel syndrome.
C) lupus.
D) osteoarthritis.

Question 20

Turning the palm of the hand in a posterior position is called

A) extension.
B) dorsiflexion.
C) pronation.
D) abduction.

Question 21

Which of the following is an important part of teaching a patient how to use a walker properly?

A) Look down each time you step to avoid tripping over something.
B) Step close to the front of the walker to maintain your balance.
C) Take your first step with the weaker leg.
D) Slide the walker along the floor rather than lifting it.

Question 22

Which of the following is the most common symptom of all bone fractures?

A) Pain
B) Swelling
C) Inability to move
D) Misalignment of the bone
E) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is considered an infection?

A) Infectious arthritis
B) Lyme disease
C) Lupus (SLE)
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following instructions should be given to a patient calling the office complaining that a new splint or cast feels tight?

A) Elevate the injured part above the heart
B) Gently move the fingers or toes at the affected area
C) Apply ice around the splint or cast at the level of injury
D) All of the above

Question 25

Medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis include which of the following?

A) Remicade
B) Evista
C) Rocephan
D) Lyrica

Question 26

Electromyography is helpful in diagnosing problems associated with which disorder?

A) Damage to a joint from RA
B) Complications from a nondisplaced fracture
C) Complications from advanced fibromyalgia
D) Nerve involvement from a herniated lumbar disk

Question 27

Which type of fracture is caused by a twisting type of injury?

A) Spiral
B) Greenstick
C) Oblique
D) Transverse

Question 28

Herniated disk occurs most often in

A) the lumbar region.
B) the cervical region.
C) the thoracic region.
D) children.
E) adults.

Question 29

Heat packs may be ordered to

A) increase the blood supply to an area.
B) limit blood flow, thereby reducing edema.
C) reduce metabolism at the site.
D) promote blood clotting.

Question 30

Which of the following is recommended for the first 48 hours after an injury to help control pain and swelling?

A) Cold applications
B) Heat application
C) Alternating cold and heat applications
D) Diathermy

Question 31

Rickets is an unusual diagnosis in the United States because

A) milk sold in the United States is fortified with vitamin K.
B) all children have adequate daily sun exposure.
C) vitamin D is available in drinking water.
D) milk sold in the United States is fortified with vitamin D.

Question 32

Military neck is associated with which of the following?

A) Loss of cervical lordosis
B) Excessive lumbar lordosis
C) Excessive upper thoracic kyphosis
D) Excessive lumbar kyphosis

Question 33

Which of the following treatments is used most often to treat muscle, joint, or bone problems that occur with illnesses such as osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia?

A) TENS treatment
B) Passive exercise
C) Ultrasonography
D) Paraffin bath

Question 34

The best method of diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis is which test?

A) CT of the knee
B) MRI of the hip
C) DXA scan
D) Spinal x-ray film

Question 35

Medications used to treat osteoporosis include which of the following?

A) Evista
B) NSAIDs
C) Prednisone
D) Lyrica

Question 36

A classic sign of osteoporosis is

A) anemia.
B) joint pain.
C) kyphosis.
D) scoliosis.

Question 37

The elbow and knee are examples of what type of joint?

A) Suture
B) Hinge joint
C) Gliding joint
D) Ball-and-socket joint

Question 38

Which of the following is used to diagnose carpel tunnel syndrome?

A) Tinel test
B) Phalen test
C) Electrodiagnostic test
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 39

Passive ROM involves which procedure?

A) The patient assists in moving the joint.
B) The physician moves the affected joint to assess its ROM.
C) The patient moves the joint, and the physician measures the movement with a goniometer.
D) The patient holds the affected area still while the physician measures the joint angle.

Question 40

Which of the following is a condition of widespread connective tissue and muscular pain and often includes severe fatigue of unknown origin?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Fibromyalgia
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Muscle spasm

Question 41

___________________ is caused by an autoimmune reaction against the synovial membrane that lines joints throughout the body.

Question 42

Alphonse Patrice, a 19-year-old patient, has just been fitted with crutches because of a sprained ankle. Summarize the patient guidelines for correct use of crutches so that Mr. Patrice can use them properly.

Question 43

Alcohol abuse, age over 50 in women, and smoking are all risk factors for _____________.

Question 44

___________ muscle has fibers that are voluntary and striated.

Question 45

A(n) __________ unit can play an integral role in the management of chronic pain.

Question 46

_____________ in children is called rickets.

Question 47

Both bursae and joint capsules contain ______________, which nourishes joint surfaces and allows for free movement of the joint.

Question 48

Grace Samuellson, age 3, has just had a cast applied to her right arm. Her parents need to be instructed on the warning signs of problems that can occur with the cast. List three reasons the parents should call the physician immediately.

Question 49

Summarize four risk factors for the development of osteoporosis.

Question 50

___________ are bands of tough connective tissue that stabilize a joint by attaching bone to bone.

Question 51

The _____________ is a nerve-rich membrane that covers the surface of a bone.

Question 52

List at least four reasons women should have a bone density test performed.

Question 53

The _____________ function of the red bone marrow results in the production of blood cells.

Question 54

Which of the following specialized imaging techniques is used to assess bone density?

A) Arthogram
B) Bone scan
C) Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
D) Computed tomography
E) Electromyography

Question 55

You are responsible for reviewing patient education materials with a 64-year-old woman recently diagnosed with osteoporosis. Explain to her what causes the disease and the possible treatment methods.

Question 56

Rose Langdon, an 81-year-old patient, has been prescribed a cane for walking assistance. Summarize how you would teach Mrs. Langdon to use the cane properly.

Question 57

A(n) __________ fracture in a young child is suggestive of a child abuse injury.

Question 58

Patients with arthritis frequently complain of _____________, a crackling sound made by the affected joints.

Question 59

A patient diagnosed with mild bone loss has ______________.

Question 60

Tanya Payne has three young children who like to play in the wooded lot next to their house. She is very concerned about the possibility of Lyme disease. What information can you share with her to reduce her children's risk of being exposed to Lyme disease? Include details on the proper removal of a tick.

Question 61

If a patient has been properly fitted for crutches, the elbows should be bent approximately 30 degrees when the patient holds the handgrips.

Question 62

One approach to the treatment of osteoporosis is rest and non-weight-bearing exercise.

Question 63

With therapeutic ultrasonography, the applicator should be focused directly over the affected bone.

Question 64

A greenstick fracture typically is seen in pediatric patients under age 14.

Question 65

A sprain damages a ligament and may involve surrounding blood vessels, muscles, tendons, and nerves.

Question 66

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder caused by a problem with acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 67

The physician must perform a reduction for a displaced fracture.

Question 68

Lyrica, an antiseizure medication, is the first drug that has been approved by the FDA to treat fibromyalgia.

Question 69

Chiropractors are medical doctors who provide relief from musculoskeletal discomfort through manipulation and a variety of treatments.

Question 70

Electric heating pads can be safely left in place up to 1 hour if the patient does not report any problems with circulation.

Question 71

Passive exercise of an injured muscle can be accomplished with electrical stimulation of the muscle.

Question 72

"Open reduction of a fracture" means that the physician is able to manipulate the bone into alignment.

Question 73

A painful sports injury may be treated with a TENS unit.

Question 74

The primary symptom of myasthenia gravis is rapid eye movement.

Question 75

Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia may report chronic sleep disorders.

Question 76

Slight erythema is normal after application of a moist hot pack or a paraffin bath.

Question 77

Lack of exposure to the sun may result in the development of osteomalacia.

Question 78

Heat application is contraindicated over scar tissue.

Question 79

A patient prescribed prednisone repeatedly for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis may be at risk for developing osteoporosis.

Question 80

A diet rich in calcium and vitamin K is important for musculoskeletal health.