Deck 2: Foundations of Counseling

Question 1

Sigmund Freud was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) he developed anesthesia for eye surgery.
B) he emphasized the unconscious motives behind behavior.
C) he invented sex therapy.
D) he studied the structure of society.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Frank Parsons' name is synonymous with:

A) the first experimental laboratory of the study of behavior.
B) introducing behavioral laws to explain human behavior.
C) philosophy of behaviors.
D) vocational guidance.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Quantitative research in counseling:

A) assures that most clients will respond to clinical interventions in similar ways.
B) measures the experiences of clients in ways that can be shared with others.
C) prevents counselors from exercising creativity in their counseling sessions.
D) is dictated by managed-care companies to justify reimbursement for sessions.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which aspects of research are important for students of therapeutic counseling?

A) Practicing and understanding the terminology and language of the research field
B) Understanding the knowledge and implications of classic studies
C) Having the ability to critically analyze various methods and statistics, and draw conclusions
D) Having a means to conduct systematic studies
E) all of the above.

Question 5

Research helps counselors in which of the following ways?

A) To know which techniques and skills will most likely produce which results
B) To change the counselor's basic values
C) To train counselors to think analytically, intentionally, and systematically about problems
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 6

Distinctions between counselors and other allied mental health professionals have become:

A) more rigid as clients have presented more complex issues.
B) less clear as counselors have begun to work with more diverse populations.
C) obvious to professionals due to the differences in technique and ethics.
D) none of the above.

Question 7

Which influential early publication by Clifford Beers criticized the inhumane treatment of the mentally ill and led to the establishment of the National Association for Mental Health?

A) A Mind That Found Itself
B) The Interpretation of Dreams
C) Choosing a Vocation
D) Introduction to Therapeutic Counseling

Question 8

Which of the following best represents the term counseling?

A) Counseling prevents rather than fixes problems.
B) Counseling employs the use of a developmental model as opposed to a psychopathological model.
C) Counseling focuses on issues of adjustment.
D) Counseling generally focuses on short term rather than long term work.
E) All of the above.

Question 9

As a result of the standardization of training, counselors:

A) do not enjoy the autonomy granted to social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists.
B) are unlikely to have a specialized focus.
C) are earning greater respect and recognition from colleagues in other fields.
D) more often employ a medical rather than a developmental model of therapy.

Question 10

Counselors focus on:

A) developing a solid relationship with the client.
B) identifying and understanding the client's core issues from a developmental perspective.
C) employing interventions suited to the client and clinical situation.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

An important tenet we have inherited from the ancient philosophers is:

A) any philosophy is worthless unless it is personalized and made relevant to everyday life.
B) there is a right answer to most questions clients ask.
C) the counselor's interpretation of the client's experience facilitates the learning process.
D) theories are predictable in that they provide the therapist with certain outcomes if they are used correctly.

Question 12

An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental health professionals is:

A) their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication.
B) their ability to provide intensive psychotherapy.
C) their ability to provide assessment and testing.
D) their training in social ecology.

Question 13

The vast majority of research in counseling and psychology in the last 100 years has been:

A) qualitative.
B) quantitative.
C) archival.
D) experimental.

Question 14

Cost controls associated with managed care have encouraged an increasing emphasis among counselors on:

A) greater use of psychotropic medications.
B) increased integration of brief therapy methods.
C) the utilization of diagnostic assessment instruments.
D) none of the above.

Question 15

Which concept was pioneered by Freud as the process through which healing occurred?

A) The primal scream
B) Homeostasis
C) The talking cure
D) All of the above

Question 16

Studying the historical foundations of counseling helps the student to:

A) learn the value of a thorough client history.
B) understand how counseling fits into the context of other helping professions.
C) understand why counseling is the preferred approach to helping individuals.
D) develop a personal style and philosophy of counseling.

Question 17

Robert Carkhuff and his collaborators are generally credited with identifying:

A) the core personality traits essential for professional development as a counselor.
B) the core counseling techniques most useful to beginning counselors.
C) the generic counseling skills essential for effective therapeutic functioning.
D) all of the above.

Question 18

Historically, counseling roles were filled by:

A) philosophers.
B) mothers.
C) village elders.
D) oracles.

Question 19

Counseling has evolved from which of the following fields?

A) Education
B) Philosophy
C) Medicine
D) Social sciences
E) All of the above