Deck 7: Observing and Reflecting Feelings: the Heart of Empathic Understanding

Question 1

Which of the following correctly details the techniques of reflecting feelings?​

A)​Sentence stem, feeling label, content summary, past tense, check-out
B)​Feeling label, brief context, sentence content, tense, check-out
C)​Sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out
D)Feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out, closing

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Nonverbal indications of a client who is deeply emotional may most often include:​

A)​rapid breathing, speech hesitations, and facial flushing.
B)​relaxed body posture concealing deeper feelings.
C)​focusing on a single topic to the exclusion of all others.
D)All of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When the interviewer reflects feeling, he or she can expect the client will ________.

A)​experience their emotional state more fully
B)​talk in more depth about their feelings
C)​correct the interviewer's reflection with a more accurate descriptor
D)All of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Josephine: I've been in this "home" for three years now. The staff doesn't care, my family never comes, and the food is awful.​Which is the most appropriate reflection of her implicit feelings?

A)​"Josephine, you sound really angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?"
B)​"Josephine, you are frustrated and angry. Is that close to what you are feeling?"
C)​"Josephine, you sound really frustrated!"
D)"Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely . . . and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling?"

Question 5

Which of the following is not used in reflection of feeling?

A)​Identifying key emotions
B)​Emphasizing cognitive content
C)​Affective empathy
D)Searching for positive feelings

Question 6

The most immediate and potentially powerful tense for a reflection of feeling is:​

A)​past tense.
B)​present tense.
C)​future tense.
D)all tenses have equal power.

Question 7

Paraphrasing is concerned with feeding back the key points of what a client has said. Reflection of feeling, in contrast, involves:

A)​observing emotions.
B)​naming emotions.
C)​repeating emotions back to the client.
D)helping clients become more affective.

Question 8

Barry (jiggling his feet and shuffling restlessly): I can't get the scene of the World Trade Center bombing off my mind. It keeps coming up in my dreams again and again. I don't understand what's going on.​Which is the most appropriate response?

A)​"You seem to be anxious right now. Could you tell me more about your story and what's happening for you?"
B)​"You seem to be anxious right now? Is that close?"
C)​"The lack of sleep is really frustrating you."
D)"You wonder what is going on?"

Question 9

"I feel really terrible. My folks have divorced. They have moved apart, and I don't know where to live." Which would be a reflection of feeling in response to this client?​

A)​"You're really confused."
B)​"Really terrible?"
C)​"Sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next."
D)"Looks like you have had a bad experience. I can see that it would be tough deciding what to do next."

Question 10

Which of the following is a common quality of both paraphrasing and reflection of feeling?​

A)​They are both included in feedback to the client.
B)​They may be found together in the same statement.
C)​They are both used in interviews.
D)All of these

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an emotional word?​

A)​Angry
B)​Excited
C)​Joyful
D)Considerate

Question 12

The effective salesperson:​

A)​wisely ignores the feelings of her or his clients.
B)​carefully observes emotions so he or she can optimize sales.
C)​will note the feelings of clients and may regularly reflect them back.
D)none of these

Question 13

If a ____________ is inaccurate, it provides the client with an opportunity to correct the counselor. If a questioning tone of voice is used, the client may elaborate further.

A)​paraphrase
B)​reflection of feeling
C)​summary
D)​All of these

Question 14

Accurately reflecting feeling results in:​

A)​bringing out the richness of the client's emotional world.
B)​helping clients sort out complex feelings and thoughts.
C)​grounding the counselor and client in basic experience.
D)All of these

Question 15

What should you do when the feelings of the client are not fully understandable and seem confused?​

A)​Ignore the feeling until you understand fully what the client is saying.
B)​Paraphrase and summarize what you have heard.
C)​Reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy.
D)All of these

Question 16

In order to reflect feeling, the interviewer must first identify the presenting emotion. Which of the following is NOT a method to identify feelings?

A)​Match one of the primary emotions to client behavior.
B)​With a closed question, ask the client to supply the missing feeling word.
C)​Ask an open question: "How do you feel about that?"
D)Name the feeling expressed implicitly by client behaviors.

Question 17

Feelings are so important in the counseling process that you should:​

A)​reflect every feeling you observe as it comes along.
B)​only reflect those feelings that are directly apparent.
C)​avoid reflecting discrepant feelings.
D)none of these

Question 18

There is a distinctive difference between paraphrasing and reflection of feeling. Paraphrase focuses on ________ and reflection of feeling is concerned with ________.

A)​content; emotion
B)​emotion; content
C)​content; observations
D)observations; emotion

Question 19

The first task in eliciting and reflecting feelings is to _________ key emotional words expressed by the client.

A)​recognize
B)​paraphrase
C)​reflect
D)confront

Question 20

The check-out is important because:​

A)​it provides the client room to clarify things that the interviewer may have missed.
B)​it tends to clarify what the client has been saying.
C)​if the counselor is wrong, the client can come back and restate the issue more clearly.
D)All of these

Question 21

Client: Since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned. She just doesn't look as well as she did before; she needs a lot more rest.​Which of the following interviewer responses is reflection of feeling?

A)​"Your mother has cancer and she needs more rest."
B)​"You seem really worried and concerned about your mother."
C)​"Your mother looks well, but she needs more rest."
D)"Umm, tell me more."

Question 22

Assuming you have sufficient trust, you might try ___________ to help a client increase emotional expression.

A)​commenting on their nonverbals
B)​asking them to repeat emotionally loaded words
C)​holding back for an interview or two and avoiding the issue
D)both a and b

Question 23

Which of the following might be useful to help clients decrease emotional expression?​

A)​"Let's stop for a moment and breathe deeply."
B)​"Would you say that again?"
C)​"Pay attention to the feelings in your body."
D)All of these

Question 24

Which of the following may NOT help clients slow down and regain control of their emotions?​

A)​Join clients where they are
B)​Pace clients appropriately
C)​Gestalt exercises
D)All of these

Question 25

Which of the following is the emotional center of the brain?​

A)​Right brain
B)​Limbic system
C)​Left brain
D)Hippocampus

Question 26

Social emotions include:​

A)​embarrassment.
B)​guilt.
C)​pride.
D)​All of these

Question 27

Which of the following would be a possible way to help clients increase emotional expression?

A)​"What are you feeling right now at this moment?"
B)​"Pay attention to the feelings in your body."
C)​"Would you go back and say that again?"
D)All of these

Question 28

Sorting out mixed feelings is best done, according to the authors, by:

A)​using the exact words of the client.
B)​paraphrasing feelings clearly, encouraging, and then summarizing.
C)​noting ambivalent words such as "confusion" and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling.
D)carefully bringing out additional specifics of the client's emotional world.

Question 29

Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are:​

A)​flexible.
B)​creative.
C)​integrative.
D)​All of these

Question 30

Choose the FALSE statement regarding positive and negative emotions.

A)​Positive emotions make everything OK with a client's negative issues.
B)​Do not minimize difficult emotions by too quickly focusing on the positive.
C)​Identifying positive feelings helps balance the focus on negative emotion.
D)A wellness assessment provides positive emotions to draw on when needed.

Question 31

When a client is depressed, you can expect less brain activity in the:​

A)​prefrontal cortex.
B)limbic system.
C)​right brain and amygdala.
D)hippocampus

Question 32

If a client is continually talking about negative emotions, which of the following is most helpful?​

A)​Encourage the client to continue as he or she wishes. This will empower the client to make his or her own decisions.
B)​Work to identify strengths and positives that the client has available, thus empowering the client to face the negatives from a basis of strength.
C)​Ask the client to identify positive feelings in his or her body.
D)​All of these

Question 33

The following primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are ________.

A)​mad, annoyed, angry, contempt, surprised, and furious
B)​sad, mad, glad, surprised, disgust, and scared
C)​happy, joyous, excited, nervous, contempt, and surprised
D)surprised, disgusted, caring, guilt, obstinate, and contempt

Question 34

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the skill of reflecting feelings?​

A)​It is probably one of the easiest skills for you to master.
B)​It is probably the skill we use the most in our daily communications.
C)​It is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with.
D)​All of these

Question 35

____________ clients may demonstrate a general tension and increased breathing rate, averted eyes or raised eyebrows, furrowed brow, biting the lips, crossed arms, or anxious playing with fingers.

A)​Sad
B)​Mad
C)​Scared
D)Disgusted

Question 36

____________ clients may demonstrate a wrinkled nose and raised and pursed upper lip.

A)​Sad
B)​Mad
C)​Scared
D)Disgusted

Question 37

When a client feels anger, the ________ energizes the limbic HPA axis, and hormones lead to a faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, breathing changes, and muscular tension.

A)​TAP
B)​amygdala
C)pituitary gland
D)All of these

Question 38

____________ clients may demonstrate a mouth curved down and upper drooping eyelids or a raise of the inner brows. Their body may slump or the shoulders drop, while vocal tone may be soft and speech rate slow.

A)Sad​
B)​Mad
C)​Scared
D)Disgusted

Question 39

____________ clients may demonstrate an upright body position, frowning, and a louder or forced vocal tone; the mouth and jaws may be tense and lips tightened, and the fists clenched or palms down.

A)​Sad
B)​Mad
C)​Scared
D)Disgusted

Question 40

Which of the following will NOT help you practice reflection of feeling?

A)​Combine reflection of feeling with paraphrasing.
B)​Become aware of and competent in each of the microskills.
C)​Focus on integrating reflection of feeling with questioning, encouraging, and paraphrasing.
D)Use the skill as frequently as possible, and gradually integrate the microskills naturally into your personal style.

Question 41

Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.​​Pfor paraphrase​Efor encourage​Rfor reflection of feeling​Client: Yes, somehow it just doesn't seem fair. I've taken care of myself and worked hard, but my spouse just says I'm angry and bitter. It hurts.​____ "You feel hurt that your spouse says that."​

Question 42

____ "The situation isn't fair after you've worked so hard to do right."

Question 43

Counselors and therapists can observe and identify unspoken feelings expressed through a client's nonverbal behavior.

Question 44

Instructions:Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.​​Pfor paraphrase​Efor encourage​Rfor reflection of feeling​Client: I really wonder what's going to happen to me. I find myself aging faster than I anticipated. I simply can't do all that I'd like to do anymore. It makes me sick just to think of it. I'm confused and worried.​____ "Confused and worried?"

Question 45

____ is demonstrated when the interviewer responds to the client, "You really feel frustrated, almost crazy, over the situation."

A)​Encouraging
B)​Paraphrasing
C)​Summarizing
D)Reflecting feeling

Question 46

Which of the following represents a potential limitation of reflection of feeling?​

A)​Not all clients will appreciate your comments on their feelings.
B)​Empathic reflection can have a confrontational quality to some clients.
C)​Timing is particularly important with reflection of feeling.
D)All of these

Question 47

____ "It hurts."​

Question 48

Which of the following is true of positive emotions?

A)​They increase capacity to cope in a crisis.
B)They facilitate wellness.
C)​They affect resiliency.
D)All of the these

Question 49

Social emotions are built on primary emotions and are learned in family and cultural contexts.​

Question 50

____ "You're confused and worried over the changes that come with age."​

Question 51

____ "I hear you saying you are very discouraged and hurting right now. Am I hearing you correctly?"​

Question 52

The critical distinction between paraphrasing and reflection of feelings is the emphasis on content and emotion​

Question 53

Acknowledging feelings is:​

A)​another term for reflection of feeling.
B)​not a recognized term associated with the microskills.
C)​brief recognition of feeling before moving on with the client's story.
D)reflection of feeling used mainly with adult clients.

Question 54

With some clients, the brief acknowledgment of ____ may be more appropriate.

A)​encouragement
B)​paraphrase
C)​feeling
D)summary

Question 55

Instructions: Classify each of the following counseling leads as a paraphrase, encourage, or reflection of feeling.​​Pfor paraphrase​Efor encourage​Rfor reflection of feeling​Client: If it were just my arthritis, I think I could deal with it, but I didn't expect to have muscle spasms and leg cramps so bad I can't walk as well. I feel totally useless.____ "Having more than one physical issue complicates things a good deal."

Question 56

____ "You are wondering how to cope with the changes that age is bringing to you."​

Question 57

____ "You can't walk?"​

Question 58

Feelings are physical and mental.

Question 59

Reflecting feelings is central to every helping professional.

Question 60

Reflections of feeling in the past tense tend to be more useful for reflecting feeling.

Question 61

Which of the following is seen as the most basic emotion?

A)​Anger
B)​Fear
C)​Surprise
D)Disgust

Question 62

Write three responses (present tense, past tense, and future tense) to each of the following client statements. Indicate whether your response is an open or closed question, a paraphrase, an encourager, or a reflection of feeling.​
a."I've lived alone all my life. My parents died when I was young, and it has been tough. But I've survived, and I'm proud of what I have done."
b."Well, one thing is for sure. My stepfather was really hard on me. I can't say I really like him, but I do respect him a great deal."
c."But then, my mother-in-law right now really bugs me. She reminds me of my stepmother-always harsh and brassy, and not sensitive at all."​

Question 63

If your client can begin from a positive base of emotion, they may be better able to cope with negative issues.

Question 64

Discuss the importance of positive emotions in counseling and therapy. Describe different strategies for positive reflection.

Question 65

Feelings guide our cognitive decisions.​

Question 66

Describe potential risks or drawbacks of reflecting feelings. Discuss how and when reflection of feelings may be unwise to use.

Question 67

The HPA system does NOT include:

A)​the thorax.
B)​the hypothalamus.
C)​the pituitary gland.
D)the adrenal glands.

Question 68

How might you encourage a client who resists emotion to express feelings more fully?​

Question 69

Microexpressions are fleeting expressions of concealed emotion.

Question 70

You are working with a client who gets over-involved and too deep in emotion. There is a clear need to tone down emotional expression. How would you go about this?

Question 71

While learning to identify and reflect client feelings, it is critical for prospective counselors and interviewers to focus only on their client's personal history and ability to deal with emotions.​

Question 72

Write reflections of feeling, paraphrases, and encouragers to the following client statements.​
a."I don't like this test. It is too long and difficult. It makes me angry when the instructor provides open-ended statements and expects me to provide the correct answer."
b."I'm so pleased with myself. I did well on the examination in spite of the unfairness of the instructor. He's a nice person, but it was I who straightened the situation out. But on the other hand, he did sit and listen to me when I complained. A funny person he is."
c."How do you expect me to handle role-playing, a skill I don't even understand? I've read the book three times and still it isn't clear. I've tried, but I am just so confused in this course."​

Question 73

Discuss how the skill of acknowledgment of feeling may be useful in settings outside of counseling and interviewing.