Deck 9: The Paths of Gestalt Psychology

Question 1

The Zeigarnik effect is the predominant type of communications established by the group leader.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Level of aspiration is the degree of difficulty of the goal toward which a person is striving.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Lewin, this is the tem standing for the totality of an individual's views of his psychological future and past:

A) vector of motivation
B) aspiration
C) Gestalt memory
D) linear analysis
E) time perspective

Answer 3

time perspective

Question 4

In Nazi Germany, authors of non-Aryan origin were banned and their books burned.

Question 5

This term stands for a therapeutic method, the initial assumptions of which were based on the holistic principles of Gestalt psychology:

A) Gestalt analysis
B) field analysis
C) Gestalt holism
D) Gestalt intervention
E) Gestalt therapy

Question 6

What is the term for a figure such as the Rubin vase that can you can see either as a white vase on a black background, or black profiles of two human faces on a white background?

A) trick of nature
B) reversible figure
C) Gestalt illusion of nature
D) Phi-phenomenon
E) Alpha-phenomenon

Question 7

This term stands for several general principles of Gestalt theory, referring to perceptual functioning:

A) Gestalt laws
B) field theory laws
C) force field analysis
D) holistic therapy
E) laws of perceptual meditation

Question 8

Identify the term standing for the observable fact of pure motion when two images are projected in succession. (This is also a perceptual illusion in which two stationary but alternately flashing lights appear to be a single light moving from one location to another).

A) Beta-method
B) illusion of glory
C) Gestalt misapprehension
D) Phi-phenomenon
E) Alpha-test

Question 9

In 1913, right before the war, Köhler was sent to conduct research on animal cognition in Tenerife (the largest of the Canary Islands off the northwestern coast of Africa).

Question 10

Unfinished actions is the term to describe unfinished behavior that is remembered better than accomplished actions. The term is also known as the

A) Wertheimer effect
B) Lewin second effect
C) Koffka effect
D) Zeigarnik effect.
E) Phi-phenomenon

Question 11

In Gestalt psychology, this term stands for the ability of seeing into a situation, understanding its "inner" nature. This is also a sudden, intuitive perception or grasping of useful relations in a given situation. What is it?

A) projection
B) sudden intelligence
C) insight
D) inner discovery
E) vector of truth

Question 12

Gestalt has several meanings including "value" "price," "tag," or "label."

Question 13

In Lewin's system, this is a finitely structured space; its parts are composed of certain regions; direction and distance within this space are defined as paths. What is its name?

A) field power
B) hodological space
C) vector
D) unfinished actions
E) "the final frontier"

Question 14

After the end of the civil war in Spain in the late 1930s, the regime of General Franco imposed a theological, scholastic framework on Spanish psychology. It was imperative that psychologists remain true Catholics and fight against inappropriate tendencies in life.

Question 15

What is the term for the correlated phenomena that people experience and the underlying processes in the brain?

A) inner discovery
B) force field
C) correlation
D) isomorphism
E) holism

Question 16

Kurt Lewin's research career was transformed in 1933 when he had to return back to Germany.

Question 17

A method introduced by Kurt Lewin to look at the factors or forces influencing an individual's behavior in a particular situation. Every act can be viewed as an interplay of forces. What was the name of this method?

A) force field analysis
B) situational interplay
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Lewin's box
E) puzzle box analysis

Question 18

According to field theory, an individual behavior depends on the characteristics of the present field at a particular moment.

Question 19

Transposition is the ability to forget unpleasant memories.

Question 20

Topology is the complex study of the individual mistakes and setbacks.

Question 21

What is the Gestalt law of similarity?

Question 22

The terms, authoritarian , democratic, and laissez-faire were used to describe:

A) types of experiments
B) types of surveys
C) leadership styles
D) personality types
E) styles of therapy

Question 23

Zeigarnik applied Gestalt principles and Lewin's force field analysis to her study of:

A) intelligence
B) mental illness
C) emotions
D) sleep
E) eating habits

Question 24

The Zeigarnik effect was described based on several studies of:

A) emotional responses
B) reaction time
C) unfinished actions
D) leadership
E) group therapy

Question 25

The Mentality of Apes was written by:

A) Edgar Rubin
B) Kurt Koffka
C) Wolfgang Köhler
D) Alfred Adler
E) Edward Thorndike

Question 26

The main postulate introduced first by Wertheimer was that what takes place in each single part:

Question 27

According to the official Soviet ideological doctrine, the only "true" scientific psychology was the one based on:

A) behaviorism
B) Gestalt psychology
C) Freudian principles
D) Functionalism
E) Marxist principles

Question 28

The fundamental assumption of Gestalt psychology is:

Question 29

Köhler was sent to conduct research on animal cognition in Tenerife. What kind of animals did he study?

A) rats
B) eagles
C) fish
D) monkeys
E) rabbits

Question 30

The formula B = ƒ(P, E) was first proposed by:

A) Bluma Zeigarnik
B) Kurt Lewin
C) Edgar Rubin
D) Wolfgang Köhler
E) John Watson

Question 31

Gestalt psychology had three principal founders:

A) Kurt Lewin, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka
B) Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka
C) Kurt Koffka, Edgar Rubin, and Bluma Zeigarnik
D) Bluma Zeigarnik, Edward Thorndike, and Carl Jung
E) Kurt Lewin, Edward Thorndike, and Carl Jung

Question 32

If Wertheimer was a "pioneer" of Gestalt psychology, then Koffka was a:

A) "slayer"
B) "secret agent"
C) "spokesperson"
D) "jealous guardian"
E) "wholesaler"

Question 33

There are at least three identifiable stages in the history of Gestalt psychology. Name them.

Question 34

He is regarded as the originator of the Gestalt theory and is frequently quoted by his followers. He suggested main theoretical principles and conducted early empirical studies.

A) Kurt Lewin
B) Wolfgang Köhler
C) John Watson
D) Edgar Rubin
E) Max Wertheimer

Question 35

Köhler maintained, contrary to Thorndike's assumptions, that the learning process:

A) is very quick, almost instantaneous.
B) gradual, very slow
C) does not depend on reinforcement
D) can take place during sleep
E) is unconscious

Question 36

In Germany under Nazis, professors, especially those suspected of independent thinking, were required to take a public oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.

Question 37

As some observers joked, he did not appear to them as a "classic" German professor: formal, dry, and incomprehensible. Who was he?

A) Kurt Lewin
B) Max Wertheimer
C) Wolfgang Köhler
D) Kurt Koffka
E) Alfred Adler

Question 38

Who founded the Society for Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) and served as its first president?

A) Edgar Rubin
B) Wolfgang Köhler
C) Max Wertheimer
D) Kurt Koffka
E) Kurt Lewin

Question 39

One of the goals of Soviet Marxist psychology was to serve the interests:

Question 40

Studying group behavior, Lewin introduced the concept of Gestalt.

Question 41

Köhler believed, especially in the later stage of his career in the United States, that psychological research is more than experimental studies and theoretical work. Psychologists, in his view, are capable of:

Question 42

Explain the level of aspiration, according to Lewin. Apply this concept to your behavior and experience.

Question 43

What does the term, gestalt mean? Explain in reference to your experience.

Question 44

What is the Gestalt law of common fate?

Question 45

How did Nazism affect psychology as an academic discipline?

Question 46

What were the major differences between Lewin's research and the studies of Koffka and Köhler?

Question 47

Explain the Zeigarnik effect. Provide a contemporary example.

Question 48

Who were the main "actors" in Gestalt psychology and what biographical facts did they share in common?

Question 49

Köhler identified at least three types of errors that appeared in experimental situations with chimpanzees. The first type was "good errors." What are they?

Question 50

Describe three important features of insight-based learning.

Question 51

Kurt Goldstein believed that mental illness was a failure of the entire organism to:

Question 52

Why did Communist ideologues consider psychology a useless science?

Question 53

According to Köhler, decision making, as a process involving a selection from alternatives, is about: