Deck 18: Genomics

Question 1

When comparing the genomes of prokaryotes verse eukaryotes, it can be accurately stated that

A)eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes.
B)eukaryotic genomes are smaller than prokaryotic genomes.
C)the size of the organism determines the size of the genome.
D)larger and more complex organisms have more genes than smaller, less complex organisms.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The sequencing method that cuts DNA segments into fragments, arranges those fragments based on overlapping nucleotide sequences, and then clones these fragments is called

A)shotgun sequencing.
B)clone-by-clone sequencing.
C)RFLP sequencing.
D)consensus sequencing.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Non-coding DNA regions within a gene are referred to as

A)introns.
B)exons.
C)templates.
D)transposons.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ends of chromosomes are called ________.

A)telomeres
B)centromeres
C)caps
D)DNA termini

Question 5

Mobile bits of DNA that can jump from one location on a chromosome to another location are called

A)simple sequence repeats.
B)transposons.
C)exons.
D)introns.

Question 6

A human gene is composed of numerous fragments of protein-encoding information known as _______.

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)exons
D)introns

Question 7

Microarrays are created by robotically placing DNA on to a microscope slide and probing with

A)RNA from the tissue of interest.
B)another DNA from the tissue of interest.
C)SNPs from the tissue of interest.
D)STSs from the tissue of interest.

Question 8

Linkage disequilibrium is the tendency for

A)be totally randomized during meiosis.
B)be non-randomly associated during meiosis.
C)to be rearranged during meiosis because of crossing over.
D)link together within certain blocks along the chromosome.

Question 9

Using actual landmarks within DNA sequences, scientists can generate a _______ map.

A)genetic
B)DNA
C)physical
D)chromosomal

Question 10

The inclusive term that describes all of the DNA in the nucleus of a cell is its

A)genome.
B)chromosome.
C)gene.
D)proteome.

Question 11

The relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies is illustrated in a _______ map.

A)DNA
B)genetic
C)chromosomal
D)physical

Question 12

To avoid confusion and facilitate ease of data interpretation, researchers working on cloned DNA from the same species use

A)restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
B)shotgun sequencing.
C)sequenced-tagged sites.
D)clone by clone sequencing.

Question 13

A defining characteristic of draft sequences is that they have

A)many gaps in regions of highly repetitive DNA.
B)less than 1 error in 10,000 nucleotides.
C)been found in various proteomes across the eukaryote life forms.
D)been produced by alternative splicing.

Question 14

Conserved arrangements of segments of DNA in related genomes are referred to as

A)synteny.
B)homology.
C)analogous DNA.
D)a contig.

Question 15

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacterial relatives living within eukaryotes as a result of

A)synteny.
B)exosymbiosis.
C)endosymbiosis.
D)draft sequencing by the nucleosome.

Question 16

Silent copies of genes that have been inactivated by mutations are called

A)pseudogenes.
B)clones.
C)exons.
D)introns.

Question 17

A large portion (45%) of the human genome is composed of

A)introns.
B)exons.
C)templates.
D)transposons.

Question 18

A transgene is best described as

A)hard to destroy once inserted into a genome.
B)hard to study because of its transposons.
C)created by several of the DNA motifs.
D)an inserted foreign gene.

Question 19

Distances on a genetic map are measured in _____ units.

A)centromere
B)DNA
C)dalton
D)centimorgan

Question 20

The sequencing method that cuts the DNA of an entire chromosome into small fragments and then clones these fragments is called

A)shotgun sequencing.
B)clone-by-clone sequencing.
C)RFLP sequencing.
D)consensus sequencing.

Question 21

You have been asked to construct a physical map of the baboon genome.What would be helpful in this task?

A)chromosome maps and STSs
B)BLAST and ENCODE data
C)gene linkage data
D)microarrays and SAGE

Question 22

You are studying a novel protein.To learn more about it, you performed a screen in yeast to identify proteins that could interact with it.From the screen you got a clone for a second gene.You had the clone sequenced, and you translated the gene sequence on your computer.What is the next logical step to learn more about the function of these two proteins?

A)Run a BLAST search.
B)Identify the intron/exon organization.
C)Localize the gene to a specific chromosomal region.
D)Search the human genome sequence for your clone.

Question 23

When comparing the actual number of genes, the organism with the highest number is

A)rice.
B)human.
C)fruit fly.
D)yeast.

Question 24

How did the rice genome project influence other genome projects?

A)It was the first genome sequenced, so it proved it could be done.
B)It sped up the genome analysis of other cereal crops, due to synteny.
C)It sped up the analysis of the human genome, since rice has even more genes.
D)It helped analysis of all genomes, since it was the basis of the ENCODE algorithms.

Question 25

Recombination frequency between genes can be used to generate a

A)genetic map.
B)physical map.
C)restriction map.
D)haplotype map.

Question 26

Your research group has recently determined the complete genomic sequence of the organism Examus biologisium.You instruct your group to begin sequence annotation, which involves

A)shotgun cloning.
B)the alignment of contigs.
C)the identification of open reading frames.
D)the construction of a genetic map.

Question 27

Identical copies of genes that can be transcribed simultaneously are called

A)segmental duplications.
B)pseudogenes.
C)tandem clusters.
D)multigene families.

Question 28

As a scientist working for an anti-bioterrorism task force, you are asked to evaluate some biological samples for the presence of Yersinia pestis, the organism that causes the plague.After confirming that the samples do contain Y.pestis, you instruct your team to begin sequencing the strain.Since the genome sequence of Y.pestis is already known, why would sequencing this strain be useful?

A)To provide better data for the genome database
B)To establish the course of infection, and determine whether the strain is altered by causing infection
C)To help determine the source of the strain, and learn whether it has been genetically engineered
D)To create a vaccine for this particular strain

Question 29

The organism with the largest relative genome size is

A)rice.
B)human.
C)fruit fly.
D)yeast.

Question 30

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug to treat a rare disease.They need to determine which of the cell's proteins can bind the drug.What tool can help them survey the proteome for drug interactions?

A)ENCODE
B)protein microarray
C)using a monoclonal antibody
D)SAGE

Question 31

The reason segmental duplications pose a logistical challenge in the proper alignment of DNA sequences is that they

A)are inherently repetitive.
B)contain large numbers of LINEs, which interfere with sequence annotation.
C)interfere with BLAST analysis.
D)are often found in areas of constitutive heterochromatin.

Question 32

In vertebrates, the family of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) plays a major role in muscle development.This family consists of four related genes which have distinct but overlapping functions.This gene family is represented by only a single gene in Drosophila, called nautilus.You want to know whether nautilus plays a role like all of the MRFs put together, or more like one in particular.What is a quick and easy way to begin to address this question?

A)Compare the DNA and protein sequences of all the genes to determine if nautilus is more similar to one MRF than another.
B)Use a DNA microarray to compare gene activation patterns between nautilus and the MRFs.
C)Compare the proteome of a cell expressing nautilus to the those of cells expressing each of the MRFs in turn.
D)Generate four transgenic Drosophila strains that express the MRFs in a mutant nautilus background.

Question 33

Groups of related, but distinctly different genes that appear to have arisen from a single ancestral gene are referred to as

A)segmental duplications.
B)pseudogenes.
C)tandem clusters.
D)multigene families.

Question 34

Given a sequencing reaction length of approximately 500 successive nucleotides, what is the absolute minimum number of sequencing reactions needed to determine the complete human genome, excluding overlap and redundancy?

A)3.1 billion
B)6200
C)12.4 million
D)6.2 million

Question 35

The majority of DNA in a human can be described as

A)composed of short interspersed elements.
B)non-coding.
C)simple sequence repeats.
D)segmental duplications.

Question 36

Rice and its grain relatives, maize, barley, and wheat, diverged from a common ancestor 50 million years ago.However, the chromosomes of these plants demonstrate extensive conserved arrangements of segments.This phenomenon is called

A)linkage disequilibrium.
B)single nucleotide polymorphisms.
C)contig.
D)synteny.

Question 37

The best technique for detecting chromosomal abnormalities is

A)EST
B)FISH
C)STS
D)SNP