Deck 7: Participants and Data Collection: Identifying How Quantitative Information Is Gathered

Question 1

Which of the following groups in a study typically has the largest number of members?

A) Sample
B) Target group
C) Treatment group
D) Population

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following strategies will contribute to a study having better internal validity?

A) Randomly selecting individuals to participate in the study
B) Randomly assigning individuals to different treatment groups
C) Obtaining permission from individuals before they participate in the research
D) Using a correlational research design

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following research designs usually has the smallest sample size?

A) Single-subject
B) Correlational
C) Quasi-experimental
D) True experimental

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What procedures can increase a study's external validity?

A) Manipulating the conditions so they are as similar as possible between groups
B) Randomly assigning individuals to treatment groups
C) Measuring other variables that need to be controlled
D) Encourage as many participants as possible to complete the instruments

Question 5

Which of the following would provide you with the best evidence that the scores from an attitudinal measure used in a study can be used to draw meaningful and useful inferences?

A) Test-retest reliability
B) Inter-rater reliability
C) Construct validity
D) Standardized procedures

Question 6

A researcher conducts a study to compare two different teaching strategies for middle school mathematics. She collects time-on-task data for students during math class. This is an example of what kind of instrument?

A) Performance measure
B) Attitudinal measure
C) Factual information
D) Behavioral observation

Question 7

Which of the following strategies will best help to reduce the sampling error in a study?

A) Using ethical procedures
B) Using standardized procedures
C) Using as large of a sample as possible
D) Having high internal validity

Question 8

Which of the following would provide you with the best evidence that the scores from an attitudinal measure used in a study are consistent?

A) Test-retest reliability
B) Inter-rater reliability
C) Construct validity
D) Standardized procedures

Question 9

Of the following options, which one is an example of an "attitudinal" measure?

A) Negative views toward school choice
B) Basic skills of students attending a school
C) Career choices of students attending a school
D) Data about how students choose a school

Question 10

A researcher conducts a study to compare two different teaching strategies for middle school mathematics. She collects student attendance information from the principal's office. This is an example of what kind of instrument?

A) Performance measure
B) Attitudinal measure
C) Behavioral observation
D) Factual information

Question 11

Assume that you read in a journal article, "Scores from the new self-awareness measure correlate .6 with scores on self-consciousness in two different tests by Smith 1999) and Jones 1997)." What type of evidence does this statement represent?

A) Evidence that the scores from the instrument are valid
B) Evidence that the scores from the instrument are reliable
C) Evidence that the scores from the instrument have external validity
D) Evidence that the scores from the instrument have internal validity

Question 12

Which of the following are examples of a researcher using ethical considerations in a research study?

A) Making the instruments available on-line and on paper
B) Giving all participants the same directions for completing the instruments
C) Encouraging as many people as possible to respond to the instrument
D) Obtaining permission from individuals before they participate

Question 13

Which of the following sampling strategies is considered to be the least rigorous in quantitative research?

A) Probability sampling
B) Nonprobability sampling
C) High probability sampling
D) Representative sampling

Question 14

Which one of the following sampling procedures illustrates nonprobability sampling?

A) Students are selected randomly from the population list
B) Students are sampled so that they are representative of the population
C) Students are sampled who are available to complete the instrument
D) The probability of the sample in the population is low

Question 15

A researcher conducts a study to compare two different teaching strategies for middle school mathematics. She collects student scores on an in-class math test. This is an example of what kind of instrument?

A) Performance measure
B) Attitudinal measure
C) Behavioral observation
D) Factual information

Question 16

Which is the first step in quantitative data collection?

A) Implement data collection procedures
B) Determine the type of instrument
C) Specify variables
D) Select an instrument

Question 17

Which of the following research designs usually has the largest sample size?

A) Survey
B) Correlational
C) Quasi-experimental
D) True experimental

Question 18

What is the most rigorous sampling procedure that a quantitative researcher could use?

A) Probability sampling
B) Nonprobability sampling
C) High probability sampling
D) Convenient sampling